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The observation of the global 21 cm signal produced by neutral hydrogen gas in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and Epoch of Reionization requires measurements with extremely well-calibrated wideband radiometers. We describe the design and characterization of the Mapper of the IGM Spin Temperature (MIST), which is a new ground-based, single-antenna, global 21 cm experiment. The design of MIST was guided by the objectives of avoiding systematics from an antenna ground plane and cables around the antenna, as well as maximizing the instrument's on-sky efficiency and portability for operations at remote sites. We have built two MIST instruments, which observe in the range 25–105 MHz. For the 21 cm signal, this frequency range approximately corresponds to redshifts 55.5 > z > 12.5, encompassing the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn. The MIST antenna is a horizontal blade dipole of 2.42 m in length, 60 cm in width, and 52 cm in height above the ground. This antenna operates without a metal ground plane. The instruments run on 12 V batteries and have a maximum power consumption of 17 W. The batteries and electronics are contained in a single receiver box located under the antenna. We present the characterization of the instruments using electromagnetic simulations and lab measurements. We also show sample sky measurements from recent observations at remote sites in California, Nevada, and the Canadian High Arctic. These measurements indicate that the instruments perform as expected. Detailed analyses of the sky measurements are left for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the tasks that modern literary critics, art critics, cultural experts, etc., are still solving is the need to disseminate actively information of various types on Ukrainian territory and throughout the world about this or that Ukrainian artist, that is, scientists are engaged in popularizing the life and creative heritage of more or less well-known artists to a wide audience of creative personalities of Ukraine. The article deals with the expansion of Schulz’s literary discourse in Ukraine and the attraction of new and new admirers of the creative work of the world-famous Galician writer from Drohobych Bruno Schulz to the Schulz Ukrainian community thanks to the use of innovative and classical forms of artistic popularization. The author of the scientific research focuses on the relevance, necessity, and correctness of accelerating the processes of entry of the bright Galician writer of the first half of the 20th century, Bruno Schulz, to the Ukrainian reading, literary, literary studies, and artistic discourses precisely through the prism of representation of various forms of popularization of Bruno Schulz’s biography and creativity. In the investigation the place and role of Bruno Schulz in the world literary and artistic discourse have been characterized; the level of awareness of both specialists and ordinary citizens with the creative heritage of the artist on Ukrainian territory has been clarified; innovative, innovative-traditional, classic forms, methods and techniques of popularizing the figure of Bruno Schulz among the broad strata of modern Ukrainians are systematized, and recommendations on the outlined issues have been formulated. Given the fact that Bruno Schulz is world-famous not only as an author of prose works but also as a philosopher, literary critic, literary theorist, epistolographer, artist, painter, drawer, draftsman, graphic artist, translator, educator, these facets of the multifaceted talent of the artist will become the subject of further scientific investigations by the author of the publication because they also need a certain popularization.

Water ices play a critical role in various astrophysical phenomena and store information about the thermal history of icy grains. To understand this history, clarifying the formation conditions in astrophysical environments is critical. In addition to taking the form of amorphous ices, ice can take four crystalline forms: hexagonal ice I (ice Ih), cubic ice I (ice Ic) and hydrogen-ordered hexagonal ice (ice XIh) and cubic ice (ice XIc). The aim of this article is to study the conditions for phase transitions among these different crystalline ices. We found through cryogenic transmission electron microscopy observations that some polymorphs of ice XIh were formed by simple annealing of ice Ih at 120–150 K without any dopant or irradiation. We also investigated the formation conditions of ice Ih by vapour deposition and heating of ice Ic in protoplanetary discs. The transition kinetics from ice Ih to ice XIh suggested that ice XIh exists between the transition temperature from ice Ic to ice Ih and 150 K. From these results, we constructed a water-vapour flux–temperature–time diagram that clarifies the amorphous, Ic, Ih, XIc and XIh ice phases. We found that, under the conditions encountered in most protostars, hydrogen-ordered ices XIh and XIc can exist just outside the snow line and below 125 K, respectively. The infrared libration modes should enable these phases to be distinguished observationally. Because some of these phases are chiral, their presence could fundamentally affect the evolution of other homochiral organic molecules that develop on their surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We present an easy‐to‐reproduce manual miniaturized full‐length RNA sequencing (RNAseq) library preparation workflow that does not require the upfront investment in expensive lab equipment or long setup times. With minimal adjustments to an established commercial protocol, we were able to manually miniaturize the RNAseq library preparation by a factor of up to 1:8. This led to cost savings for miniaturized library preparation of up to 86.1% compared to the gold standard. The resulting data were the basis of a rigorous quality control analysis that inspected: sequencing quality metrics, gene body coverage, raw read duplications, alignment statistics, read pair duplications, detected transcripts and sequence variants. We also included a deep dive data analysis identifying rRNA contamination and suggested ways to circumvent these. In the end, we could not find any indication of biases or inaccuracies caused by the RNAseq library miniaturization. The variance in detected transcripts was minimal and not influenced by the miniaturization level. Our results suggest that the workflow is highly reproducible and the sequence data suitable for downstream analyses such as differential gene expression analysis or variant calling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The constructivist evaluation within the cognitivist training activity is conceived as the relationship between contextual, situational constructivist learning and constructivist teaching, engaged as information//training/knowledge, being concerned with how the student processes information and how he builds knowledge. Constructivist assessment methods and techniques take into account the fact that within the training activity, learning produces a set of different results, highlighting the process of achieving learning. These methods and techniques emphasize metacognition, with students being able to present learning outcomes. Assessment in constructivism is a complex activity that involves both students and teachers and focuses on the process by which the individual student has achieved the construction of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global challenges of our time embody a powerful impetus for implementing digital solutions in the educational systems of different fields and levels. Of particular interest here is choreography teaching, which encompasses a set of traditions and principles. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the importance and effect of using innovative pedagogical solutions with respect to choreography learning and teaching strategies. The sample of research participants consisted of 103 educators of the Kazakh National Women’s Teacher Training University and the Kazakh National Academy of Choreography. The experiment was conducted based on 7 dance modules developed by the University of Cambridge and the Nazarbayev Intellectual School. The results of the conducted survey indicate that respondents are interested in introducing advanced technologies in teaching choreography, but there are a number of challenges to their massive implementation within Kazakhstan. Alongside this, the experimental introduction of innovative pedagogical solutions was noted to improve students’ creative, professional, and leadership abilities, as well as promote teamwork and outlook broadening. The findings presented can be used in further research on choreography education in Kazakhstan. Besides, they can be taken advantage of by parties responsible for digital learning projects shaping and launching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The issue of preserving historical and cultural heritage is currently highly relevant. The restoration of ancient architectural structures, preservation of their historical appearance, and adaptation to new functions constitute an important step forward towards that goal. Considering the situation with cultural heritage sites in Ryazan, we should note that the city really needs such measures. Many historical, cultural, and architectural monuments have been lost and continue to be destroyed because of incompetent interference with their architectural-and-planning structure (demolition, unauthorized reconstruction, etc.). Purpose of the study: We aimed to describe the specifics of the preservation, restoration, and adaptation of cultural and historical heritage sites to modern needs. Methods: In the course of the study, we used a systemic approach, analyzed various sources and materials on the restoration and protection of historical and architectural monuments. Results: In the paper, we consider a particular example from the architectural practice of adapting a part of an ancient structure to modern use. The paper gives a brief historical background and information on the structures and materials used, discusses methods and technological solutions, analyzes design solutions. Based on the results of the works conducted, we determine issues of adapting a recognized cultural heritage site to modern living conditions and using it in a new capacity in accordance with the applicable regulatory documents. When facing the issue of adapting historical buildings that have lost their original function, it is necessary to perform works without changing their protected features. Within the framework of cultural heritage site preservation, a concept has been developed to serve as the basis for its conversion and operation as a cafe.

In article theoretical, methodological and methodical bases of carrying out of psychological training are reflected; essence of psychocorrectional technique as training technology is opened. The psychological and technological approach to the methodological means of psychological training as a technology of impact on learning and personal development of the participants of training and correction to change their behavior is carried out. The psychological conditions of the use of methodological tools in psychological training are indicated. On the basis of the theoretical and methodological analysis the methodological tools are divided into basic blocks: educational-informational, psychological, simulation and role-playing. The stages of creating a self-efficient team are suggested. The main task of the trainer is to understand individual psychological features of clients and to choose the most adequate methodological means of training in order to change behavior or personal development in the necessary and used training technologies. Depending on the paradigm and purpose of psychological training, partner (democratic) and authoritarian (centrally managed) means of its carrying out are distinguished. The trainer's perceptions of the expectations and needs of the customers (training participants) and their capabilities are directly related to the design and selection of methodological tools for psychological training and to individual effectiveness and development - accordingly to the technological concept of training. The training technologies represent a creative resource for the training activity of a psychologist. The effectiveness of training depends on the technological concept of training, methodological principles and rules, taking into account the individual approach, the specificity of the problems of training in accordance with its main goals and objectives, the personal and professional competence of the trainer and partnership relations of the active group-team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Northern Isles of Scotland offer a fascinating case study for understanding past economies and resource management due to the comparative lack of trees found elsewhere in the British Isles. Archaeological evidence proves that this environment did not prevent the development of industrial pursuits in this region during the Iron Age and local accounts dating to the 19th -20th centuries detail how blacksmiths were charcoaling peat in pursuit of metalworking endeavours. Little, however, is known about this peat charcoaling process. By following the peat charcoaling steps identified in ethnographic and historic accounts from the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland it was possible to create this fuel with relative success. This paper describes the way in which 155.6kg of peat was charcoaled across 10 attempts which produced an average yield higher than would be expected from charcoaling wood via similar methods. Small fluctuations in the moisture content of the peat and differences in fanning style had no statistical relationship with the yields produced. The experience of the charcoaler appears key as an even temperature profile was challenging to attain with possible repercussions for the quality of the fuel for the iron smelter and smith.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul Türkçe ders kitaplarında söz varlığı öğretimine yönelik kullanılan yöntem ve teknikleri incelemektir. Araştırmanın veri setini 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılından itibaren kullanılmak üzere yayımlanan ortaokul 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitapları oluşturmaktadır. Nitel bir araştırma olarak veriler doküman incelemesi tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen ders kitapları, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Söz Varlığı Öğretiminde Kullanılan Yöntem ve Teknikleri Değerlendirme Formu” ile incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde ve yorumlanmasında içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf ders kitaplarında söz varlığını öğretmeye yönelik belirlenen bütün yöntem ve tekniklerin toplam kullanılma sayısının 473 olduğu görülmüştür. İncelenen ders kitaplarında birbirinden farklı 16 yöntem ve teknik kullanıldığı; tüm sınıf düzeylerinde okutulan ders kitaplarında bu yöntem ve teknik seçimlerinin birbirine çok yakın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Türkçe ders kitaplarının bu yönüyle öğretmenlere ve öğrencilere çeşitlilik sunmadığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca bütün sınıf seviyelerinde söz varlığına ait etkinliklerde alıcı söz varlığını geliştiren yöntem ve tekniklerin üretici söz varlığını geliştiren yöntem ve tekniklerden daha fazla kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Söz varlığı öğretimini içeren etkinliklerde kullanılan yöntem ve tekniklerin nitelikleri ve çeşitliliğini gözden geçiren çalışmaların belirli aralıklarla yapılmasının bu alanda çalışma yapacak araştırmacılara, ders kitabı yazarlarına ve yayınevlerine alandaki gelişmeler hakkında bilgi vermesi açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

The starting point from which we began our research was that many companies around the world could not predict and adapt to the new changes taking place in the environment (closure due to the corona virus pandemic, war in Ukraine, sanctions against Russia). Through strategic analysis, companies were able to gather information about planned scenarios and based on them, quality decisions could be made. The goal of the research is to point out the importance of strategic analysis, as an important phase in strategic planning, in order to avoid or mitigate all threats that have arisen in the external environment. The paper will present methods and techniques, with which management will collect data, all with the aim of making timely decisions. The methods we used for the work are: analysis and synthesis. The results of the research show us that if companies master these methods and techniques of strategic management on the one hand and have quality management on the other hand, they can largely predict the emergence of potential threats from the external environment. To avoid crisis situations, it is necessary for every company to incorporate crisis management within its organization.

The Rome Precision Solar Photometric Telescope (Rome/PSPT) is a ground-based telescope engaged in precision solar photometry. It has a 27-year database of full-disk images of the photosphere and chromosphere beginning in 1996 and continuing to 2022. The solar images have been obtained daily, weather permitting, with approximately 2 arcsec/pixel scale in Ca II K line at 393.3 nm, G-band at 430.6 nm, and continuum in the blue and red parts of the spectrum at 409.4 nm and 607.2 nm, respectively. Regular observations were also performed at the green continuum at 535.7 nm for a period of about 18 months. Since the first-light, Rome/PSPT operations have been directed at understanding the source of short-and long-term solar irradiance changes, spanning from 1 min to several months, and from 1 year to a few solar cycles, respectively. However, Rome/PSPT data have also served to study a variety of other topics, including the photometric properties of solar disk features and of the supergranulation manifested by the chromospheric network. Moreover, they have been unique in allowing to connect series of historical and modern full-disk solar observations, especially the Ca II K line data. Here, we provide an overview of the Rome/PSPT telescope and of the solar monitoring carried out with it from its first light to the present, across solar cycles 23–25. We also briefly describe the main results achieved with Rome/PSPT data, and give an overview of new results being derived with the whole time series of observations covering the period 1996–2022.

Copyright of Journal of Education for Life / Yaşadıkça Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Kultur Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The discovery of an excavated cup with a glossy surface prompted reflection on the polishing of vessel surfaces and their mutual significance. We present the results of the application of three different polishing methods along with a reflection on their function and on the skills and ability of the potter.

Recently, the development of an independent strand of study, known as the ‘archaeology of dung,’ has resulted in numerous cross-geographical publications confirming the use of animal dung in archaeological deposits as the main fuel source and several other purposes. Most of these studies focus on the analysis of the microscopic evidence attributable to dung, combining multi-proxy approaches to investigate the biological components and potential markers of herbivore dung, as well identifying archaeobotanical indications from dung pellets and related sediments. Less numerous are studies concerning the identification of dung as a tempering agent in ceramic material. In this paper, we aim to replicate, observe, and discuss the recipe utilised by the ancient potters of Sai Island (northern Sudan) in the New Kingdom period (Late Bronze Age, c. 1500-1070 BCE) using an experimental approach. We aim to discuss the possible adoption of organic inclusions, and especially animal dung, as tempering agents to produce some of the locally made Nubian and Egyptian style ceramics.

Copyright of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi is the property of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the events that impacted the society as a whole, has led to a change in the highest-level governmental posts, and has become an organizer of public protests and an agenda for public discussion, was the murder of journalist Ján Kuciak and his fiancée, committed on the 21st February 2018. The results of investigation showed that his investigative journalistic work was a possible motive of his murder. Massive protests in the society and a growing pressure led to a governmental crisis that culminated in the resignation of the then prime minister R. Fico. It was an event that has significantly influenced the public perception of journalistic profession and its role in the society. Investigative journalism is a method of journalistic work and also one of the most demanding journalism genres. The results of investigative journalists’ work protect the society from negative phenomena such as corruption, nepotism, abuse of power, and other socially unhealthy tendencies. Considering the fact that the digital age offers broader options for developing a journalistic expression, online communication and work with data, there are affordable and efficient online instruments available to the journalists, which can make their work more effective. In the paper, the authors address the current trends in using the methods and techniques in the development of an investigative journalistic expression. The objective of the study is to identify the changes that have occurred in investigative journalism with the advent of digitalization; therefore, the authors thoroughly explain and compare individual approaches to the development of journalistic expression in the contemporary media environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Radio bursts are sensitive tracers of non-thermal electron populations in the solar corona. They are produced by electron beams and shock waves propagating through the corona and the heliosphere, and by trapped electron populations in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and in quiescent active regions. Combining space-borne and ground-based radio spectrographs allows one to track disturbances between the low corona, near or at the sites of particle acceleration, and the spacecraft. Radio observations are, therefore, a significant tool in probing the solar origin of heliospheric disturbances, which is a central research topic as witnessed by the Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter missions. The full scientific return of these projects needs vigorous ground-based support, which at radio wavelengths covers altitudes up to about a solar radius above the photosphere. Besides research in solar and heliospheric physics, monitoring solar radio bursts also supports space weather services. On occasion, radio bursts can themselves be a space weather hazard. The Nançay radio astronomy station in central France has a long tradition of monitoring radio emission at decimetre-to-meter wavelengths. This article describes the radio spectrograph ORFEES (Observations Radiospectrographiques pour FEDOME et l'Etude des Eruptions Solaires). It observes the whole-Sun flux density between 144 and 1004 MHz, pertaining to regions between the low corona and about half a solar radius above the photosphere. ORFEES results from a partnership between Observatoire de Paris and the French Air Force, which operates the experimental space weather service FEDOME. The primary use of the instrument at the Paris Observatory is astrophysical observation. Low-resolution data with rapid availability are presently produced for the French Air Force. Similar information can be made available to a broader range of space weather service providers. This article gives an overview of the instrument design and access to the data and shows a few illustrative observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an attempt to identify and systematize methods and techniques used to solve problems in the field of organization and management and which can be adapted to support crisis management. Systematics of methods has been carried out in the scope of three processes supporting the implementation of the risk management process in crisis management, which include relations with employees, leadership and partnership.

Value education is a process through which people give moral values to each other. Value education helps to develop good moral values in the children and to develop good citizenship and standard of living and behaviour of children. Value education helps to develop tolerance and make a kind person to the children. In this research, The researcher would like to reach up to the goal as to the values which are enshrined in the Constitution of India and the methods and techniques which can be used to achieve such values and how value education is an indespensable part of everyone's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1980 a small piece of worked wood was discovered during excavation at Oakbank crannog in Loch Tay, Scotland. It was interpreted as a whistle by Nick Dixon. While there are several other Iron Age artefacts which have been interpreted as whistles, in Britain, this is the only one currently known to the author which is made of wood. This paper describes the manufacture and sounding of a model of this Iron Age artefact in order to explore its sonic range and establish whether it may be classified as a whistle.

The development of effective bloomery iron smelting has progressed over the past decades from the first repeated experiments into documented, effective, methods. This progression has primarily been the work of often isolated individuals, many with great practical experience as artisans, but most often with little formal academic training. The overall result is a patchwork of recording methods and descriptions, with greatly differing degrees of detail. Experience contrasts experiment, with many different approaches, and often objectives, as the goals. The author, drawing on almost 20 years of experience with bloomery iron smelting, and a foot in both the artisan and academic worlds, suggests some standard measurements and record keeping methods, presented in the hope of making the sharing of information easier. As this article is also intended for first time experimenters, and both artisan and academic experimenters, indulgence from well experienced iron makers is requested over many detailed explanations, and the level of detail presented. It is well understood that those experimenters working within an ongoing series may not record all the suggested details every time.

Knowledge and know-how: The ‘how’ of knowledge transferal continues to be a question in prehistoric archaeology, especially in relation to early hominid development. Has the transferal process been greatly affected by our so-called modern world and its technological advantages? Have the current modes of communication enhanced and eased the transfer of knowledge? As visualization is a key element in the transferal process, has, or can, live-streaming videos and or DVDs augment and/or replace face-to-face instruction? Using flint knapping as a platform for exploration, the question “can prerecorded video lessons be successful in the transfer of knowledge of flint knapping and assist in know-how development in the craft” is addressed in this paper. 28 prerecorded videos (consisting of over 30 hours of running time), both in the form of DVD and internet streaming sources, are placed head-to-head, contrasted and scrutinized against a standardized criterion in order to determine their efficiency in transferring knowledge.

The southern Levant features a long-established matting tradition: soumak (weft wrapping) and also weft twined matting from the 10th millennium BC, and coiled matting from the 8th millennium BCE. The Chalcolithic period, 5th millennium BCE, attests to the introduction of plain plait, twill, sewn through techniques and also the use of the horizontal ground mat loom. Ellipsoid pebbles with opposed notches (groundstone) have been recovered from several sites from various periods. Such artifacts are generally identified as fish net sinkers. We offer an alternative interpretation. We argue that the pebbles were used in the manufacture of papyrus (paper reed) or reed matting on an upright mat loom using the warp twining technique. The technique is known ethnographically from Israel to Japan.

Copyright of Journal of Bayburt Education Faculty / Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bayburt University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Palliative care is a vulnerable area of practice that requires a team to cater to the needs of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs and the requirements for unmet needs for patients under palliative care is quite large and increasing. India is creating awareness for palliative care stand at the foremost requirement as well as who can cater to patients who require palliative care. Along with many other treatments, therapies and supports being provided to patients, music therapy may play the role with preventative and curative periods of treatment, as well as support to cope and acceptance toward the inevitable for the patient as well for the caregivers. Music therapy provides a biopsychosocial and holistic approach to palliative care. Musical interventions include methods of receptive, improvisation, recreative, and creative spanning across many techniques and have been found to help with coping, expressing emotions, regulating emotions, acceptance, managing pain, and distress, supportive to caregivers through grief and bereavement. This paper hopes to provide an insight into the role of music therapy as a Salutogenic approach within a biopsychosocial framework and its need to be accepted in the Indian context., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the inquiry-based learning method supported by metacognitive strategies on students' problem-solving and problem-posing skills. The research was conducted in two stages using an exploratory sequential design, which is one of the mixed methods research. The case study design was used in the first stage, while the quasi-experimental design with the pretest and posttest for control group was employed in the second stage. The method that is considered effective in students' gaining problem-solving and problem-posing skills was determined in the first stage. In the second stage, the designated method supported by metacognitive strategies was tested with 63 fourth-grade students. The data for the first stage of the study were collected through interviews held with 12 primary school teachers, the mathematics curriculum, and a group of 10 experts' opinions on the methods in the relevant literature. A content analysis and Lawshe's method were employed to analyze the data at hand. Data in the second stage were collected using the problem-solving skills test and problem-posing skills test. The Mann--Whitney U test was used in the analysis of unrelated measurements, whereas the Wilcoxon signed ranks test was employed in the analysis of related measurements. The analysis results in the first stage revealed that the inquiry-based learning method might be effective in improving students' problemsolving and problem-solving skills. Thus, it was decided to utilize this method in the second stage. The results of the analysis in the second stage showed that the inquiry-based learning method supported by metacognitive strategies and the inquiry-based learning method could be effective in developing students' problem solving and problem-posing skills. Moreover, it was concluded that the methods applied were more effective in developing problem-solving skills and structured problem-posing skills of the students from subdimensions compared to the control group, but not effective in the development of semi-structured and free problemposing skills from sub-dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We extend the source sample recently observed by the Breakthrough Listen (BL) Initiative by including additional stars (with parallaxes measured by Gaia) that also reside within the full width at half-maximum of the Green Bank 100-m Telescope and Parkes radio telescope target fields. These stars have estimated distances as listed in the extensions of the Gaia DR2 catalogue. Enlarging the sample from 1327 to 288 315 stellar objects permits us to achieve substantially better Continuous Waveform Transmitter Rate Figures of Merit (CWTFM) than any previous analysis, and allows us to place the tightest limits yet on the prevalence of nearby high-duty-cycle extraterrestrial transmitters. The results suggest ≲0.0660 |$^{+0.0004}_{-0.0003}$|  per cent of stellar systems within 50 pc host such transmitters (assuming an EIRP ≳ 1013 W) and ≲0.039 |$^{+0.004}_{-0.008}$|  per cent within 200 pc (assuming an EIRP ≳ 2.5 × 1014 W). We further extend our analysis to much greater distances, though we caution that the detection of narrow-band signals beyond a few hundred pc may be affected by interstellar scintillation. The extended sample also permits us to place new constraints on the prevalence of extraterrestrial transmitters by stellar type and spectral class. Our results suggest targeted analyses of Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence radio data can benefit from taking into account the fact that in addition to the target at the field centre, many other cosmic objects reside within the primary beam response of a parabolic radio telescope. These include foreground and background Galactic stars, but also extragalactic systems. With distances measured by Gaia , these additional sources can be used to place improved limits on the prevalence of extraterrestrial transmitters, and extend the analysis to a wide range of cosmic objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertical crushing mill turns the olives into pulp by combining the rotational and rolling motion of a heavy upright stone wheel that moves with continuous contact along a circular horizontal trajectory on a stationary base which forms the system's frame of reference. It was devised during the Hellenistic period and served as one of the most important and impressive means of production in the pre-industrial olive mills of Crete and the Mediterranean in general, until more advanced mill types gradually started replacing it from the mid-19th century onwards. Although there is a rich bibliography historically and from a technical point of view, there seems to be a relative knowledge gap from the aspect of the physical quantities that regulate its movement and affect its productive capacity. The paper examines this type of mill from the aspect of a complete machine, according to the ideas of F. Rouleaux (1875), whose approach is still regarded to be fundamental in the field of kinematic analysis and machine theory in general. The use of animal power is considered indifferent to this theory. A generic kinematic diagram for this specific mill type was composed, according to the rules of modern mechanical analysis. The diagram describes the kinematic pairs and defines its degrees of kinematic freedom. On the other hand, by examining the mill's actual function, the specific forms of energy involved in its operation were determined. The energy balance and mechanical efficiency of the mill were expressed as a factor of these energy forms. Also, by making use of a few but essential data, there was an attempt to estimate roughly the productive capacity of this type of mill. Although it can only be tested by experiment, it is suggested that this subtype of mola olearia was a machine with relatively high mechanical efficiency but very low productive capacity per time unit, mainly because of its underdeveloped feed mechanism.

On its surface, linen production research is simple as there is a large corpus of books available; however, the majority of these date to the last three centuries. Older texts, while available, tend to concentrate on the textiles themselves and their trade. As a result, I had to collect the information on medieval tools and manufacturing process myself. I have grown and processed flax in a small open-air museum since 2014, and have been able to produce high quality fibre in 2016 and 2017. Although my parents in law came from a family which had processed flax, this knowledge had not been passed down and as a result I had to learn by reading and through practical experience. For my experiments I have grown fibre flax. Today we distinguish two types of flax, for the extraction of linseed and for the extraction of fibre. In the Middle Ages, probably only one plant was cultivated that provided both (Knöchel and Vogeler, 2001 p.115). It is now possible to trace all the work steps and associated tools used in the Middle Ages. The most notable fact is that the devices used in non-industrial fibre extraction remained essentially unchanged over many centuries, which indicates that these early techniques had proven themselves to be optimal.

We live in a world where scientific method is both the expected and accepted path to knowledge. With any scientific method, experiments based on detailed, well-documented, well-considered theories, and precise set-ups must be replicated exactly by others who come to the same conclusion to consider the information gleaned from them to be valid. This has become the accepted practice for most education and exploration. Using this method produces great results, observable in the scientific disciplines that affect our daily lives as well as progress in many fields of research. As experimental archaeologists, we have an unspoken, and sometimes unnoticed, expectation that we prove our theories with the same exactness in detail and scope.

Radar observations from the Earth and multi-instrument measurements by MESSENGER mission have indicated the presence of large quantities of ices within the permanent shadowed regions (PSRs) located at Mercury poles. The detection and mapping of the distribution of volatile species on PSRs are among the primary scientific goals of the Spectrometer and IMagers for MPO Bepicolombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS) suite aboard ESA's BepiColombo mission. We report about a three-steps preparatory study mainly focusing on SIMBIO-SYS/Visible and near Infrared Hyperspectral Imager (VIHI) 0.4–2.0  μ m imaging spectrometer aiming (1) to render the solar illumination temporal evolution occurring on polar regions and in particular on Prokofiev and Kandinsky craters by studying the effects of shadows and penumbras caused by the finite apparent solar disc; (2) to simulate the spectral reflectance of various mixtures of average Mercury terrain and water ice in the spectral range of the VIHI imaging spectrometer channel in direct illumination, penumbra and shadowed illumination conditions; and (3) to verify the resulting VIHI signal-to-noise ratio during the different phases of the BepiColombo mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Global warming imposes us to reflect on the way we carry research, embarking on the obligation to minimize the environmental impact of our research programs, with the reduction of our travel footprint being one of the easiest actions to implement, thanks to the advance of digital technology. The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), the cryogenic spectrometer of the Athena space X-ray observatory of the European Space Agency will be developed by a large international consortium, currently involving 240 members, split over 13 countries, 11 in Europe, Japan and the United States. The travel footprint associated with the development of the X-IFU is to be minimized. For that purpose, a travel footprint calculator has been developed and released to the X-IFU consortium members. The calculator uses seven different emission factors and methods leading to estimates that differ by up to a factor of 5 for the same flying distance. These differences illustrate the lack of standards and regulations for computing the footprint of flight travels and are explained primarily, though partly, by different accounting of non- CO2 effects. When accounting for non-CO2 effects, the flight emission is estimated as a multiple of the direct CO2 emission from burning fuel, expressed in CO2-equivalent (CO2eq), with a multiplication factor ranging from 2 to 3. Considering or ignoring this multiplication factor is key when comparing alternative modes of transportation to flying. The calculator enables us to compute the travel footprint of a large set of travels and can help identify a meeting place that minimizes the overall travel footprint for a large set of possible city hosts, e.g. cities with large airports. The calculator also includes the option for a minimum distance above which flying is considered the most suitable transport option; below that chosen distance, the emission of train journeys are considered. To demonstrate its full capabilities, the calculator is first run on one of the largest scientific meetings; the fall meeting of the American Geoscience Union (AGU) gathering some 24000 participants and the four meetings of the lead authors of the working group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) preparing its sixth assessment report. In both examples, the calculator is used to compute the location of the meetings that would minimize the travel footprint. Then, the travel footprint of a representative set of X-IFU related meetings is estimated to be 500 tons of CO2eq per year (to place this number in perspective, it is equivalent to 2 billion kilometers driven by an average passenger vehicle). Of this amount, each annual consortium meeting accounts for 100 tons, being located at a site of minimum emission and for a minimum distance for flying of 700 km. Actions to reduce the X-IFU travel footprint are being implemented, e.g., the number of large consortium meetings has been reduced to one per year and face-to-face working meetings are progressively replaced by video conferences. As the on-line travel footprint calculator may be used to all scientific collaborations and meetings, the calculator and its methodology described in this paper are made freely available to the science communitycommunity (https://travel-footprintcalculator.irap.omp.eu). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the Photometric Auxiliary System (PAS) attached to the 25-cm Photometric Telescope (PT) at Xinglong Observatory of National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC). This PAS can provide real-time atmospheric extinction for other telescopes at the same station for flux calibration via observing standard stars, e.g. the 2.16-m reflector and 1-m telescope. Moreover, the real-time atmospheric extinction could act as a useful reference for other local telescopes regarding the adjustment of observing strategies, such as changing the exposure time, which is important for the observers. This PAS has been operated since February 2012, and we have obtained the r -band atmospheric extinction of Xinglong Observatory from February 2012 to March 2018. With these data, we have analyzed the atmospheric extinction of Xinglong Observatory in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of the issue of reclamation of disturbed lands is due to the fact that coal mining by both open and underground methods is inevitably accompanied by exclusion from economic circulation and violation of lands for various purposes, by changing the terrain and forming an industrial landscape. The article contains information on the volumes of disturbance and reclamation of lands in the coal industry In the article the directions of reclamation and applied technologies, domestic developments and foreign experience are considered. It was noted that the priority areas for reclamation of disturbed lands in the coal industry are: agricultural, forestry and sanitary-hygienic. It is noted that the quality of the recultivated areas is not always at the proper level, which creates dif culties in their subsequent use. The main reasons for the low quality of reclamation are the lack of the necessary amount of initial data on the composition and properties of soil and rock mass of the dumps at the development stage of the reclamation projects, the lack of special technical means for performing remediation works at a high level, the lack of a landscape approach to the restoration of disturbed areas. Measures to prevent spontaneous combustion of rock dumps are laid in projects and are not implemented in practice in full, which leads to the occurrence of res. Two new developments in the eld of reclamation are presented: the microbiological method developed by MNIIECO TEK JSC, and the method for restoring the biological productivity of disturbed lands, proposed by the Scienti c Research Institute of Agricultural Problems of Khakassia SB RAAS. Identi ed problem issues in the eld of reclamation and a list of measures to improve the state of protection of land resources. In the article it is shown that in order to improve the state in the sphere of land resources protection in the coal industry, it is necessary to improve the applied mining technologies in order to reduce their land-carrying capacity, to unite overburden operations on the sections with the technical stage of reclamation, to use reproof technologies for formation of waste dumps, to improve quality projects of reclamation and implementation of remediation works.

Antler working was prevalent throughout prehistory, with a breadth of intricately detailed and technologically complex antler artefacts observed within the archaeological record. In particular, during the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic, antler working with flint tools would have been a time-consuming process. While the chaîne opératoire of producing certain antler artefacts has previously been explored (Elliott and Milner, 2010; Marquebielle, 2011; Langley, 2014) there is a debate surrounding whether the soaking of antler was a necessary stage in this process. Soaking antler as a part of the chaîne opératoire is yet to be explored in depth, and thus the full implications of this stage to antler working processes in prehistory have not been considered. Where soaking antler has been explored, no distinction is made between soaking antler beams whole (for example, with no prior modification) or soaking antler which has had tines removed to expose the interior of the antler. We present the results of experiments which tested whether there is a significant difference between the workability of dry, soaked-whole antler, and soaked-exposed antler. We argue that there is a missing stage in current understandings of the chaîne opératoire of antler artefact manufacture. We conclude this stage could be responsible for the observed deposits of tine-removed antler in wetlands at prehistoric sites, such as Star Carr.

The site of Hepojarvi is located on the northern coast of Hepojarvi lake, near Saint Petersburg, Russia. The site is a multi-layer settlement with different types of Neolithic pottery (from Sperrings to late Comb-Pit Ware); the settlement functioned in 5314 cal BC – 2342 cal BC. It was excavated in 1978 by I. V. Vereschagina. The aim of the current paper is to reconstruct some concrete tools and techniques of ornamentation which were used by the Neolithic people who lived in the settlement. Attention is focused on Comb-Pit Ware. It seems that there were very different techniques of ornamentation, some ornaments were made by ropes, some were made by knife-like stone tools, some were made by shell stamps with teeth; some seem to have been made by fish backbones, and techniques of some ornaments still remain unclear.

Abstract In this paper, we present a deep learning-based recognition algorithm to identify pulsars by observing data containing millions of candidates including radio frequency interference and noise sources. The dataset is obtained from the High Time Resolution Universe survey created and updated by the Parkes telescope. We investigate several effective single and combined features via simple logistic regression. To deal with the imbalanced dataset, we oversimplify the original dataset at different sampling rates, which is also one of the learning parameters. After training the pre-processed dataset via a convolutional neural network, we provide a cross-validated evaluation of all candidates. Results show that the deep-learning based recognition algorithm can identify the pulsar and radio frequency interference signals with high accuracy. The precision and recall of radio frequency interference are both 100%, and those of pulsars are 91% and 94%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of Erasmus, prince of humanists (1466?-1536), no less than eight portraits from life survive – all eight in the exact same bonnet. A recently published investigation of this iconic garment (Kruseman, Sturtewagen and Malcolm-Davies, 2016) involved establishing a 250-year typology of the bonnet from iconographical sources, compiling technological and economic data from archival sources, and systematic experiments addressing numerous, various and fundamental questions, from yarn characteristics in archaeological knitted textiles to the use (or not) of hatter's forms in the finishing of bonnets.

Public history, like experimental archaeology, is relatively new as an accepted academic program; the two fields are intrinsically linked and should, ideally, use interdisciplinary collaboration to better educate and involve the public in their work. This paper presents case studies in education and interpretation by the author, as well as exemplary programs from various sites in the United States and Europe. In its conclusion, the author suggests best practices for interpretation and public engagement with experimental archaeology through contributory and collaborative work. This paper, an extension of a presentation at the Reconstructive and Experimental Archaeology conference in Williamsburg, Virginia USA in 2017, explores the ways public historians and archaeologists work in museums and historic spaces through artifacts, interpretation, education, and other interdisciplinary undertakings.