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Methanol steam reforming (MSR) is an attractive route for producing clean energy hydrogen. PdZn alloys are extensively studied as potential MSR catalysts for their stability and high CO2 selectivity. Here, we investigated the reaction mechanism using density functional calculations, mean-field microkinetic modeling (MF-MKM), and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. To overcome the over-underestimation of CO2 selectivity by log-kMC, an ads-kMC algorithm is proposed in which the adsorption/desorption rate constants were reduced under certain requirements and the diffusion process was treated by redistributing surface species each time an event occurred. The simulations show that the dominant pathway to CO2 at low temperatures is CH3OH → CH3O → CH2O → H2COOH → H2COO → HCOO → CO2. The ads-kMC predicted OH coverage is 2–3 times that of MF-MKM, while they produce similar coverage for other species. Analyses indicate that surface OH promotes the dehydrogenation of CH3OH, CH3O, and H2COOH significantly and plays a key role in the MSR process. The dissociation of water/methanol is the most important rate-limiting/rate-inhibiting step. The CO2 selectivity obtained by the two methods is close to each other and consistent with the experimental trend with temperature. Generally, the ads-kMC results agree with the MF-MKM ones, supporting the previous finding that kMC and MF-MKM predict similar results if the diffusion is very fast and adsorbate interactions are neglected. The present study sheds light on the MSR process on PdZn alloys, and the proposed scheme to overcome the stiff problems in kMC simulations is worthy of being extended to other systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the authors of the present research group have previously reported mass spectrometric detection of [PdAu9(PPh3)8(CN)]2+ (PdAu9CN) by atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) irradiation of [MAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PdAu8) in methanol and proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations that PdAu9CN is constructed by inserting a CNAu or NCAu unit into the Au–PPh3 bond of PdAu8 [Emori et al., J. Chem. Phys. 155, 124312 (2021)]. In this follow-up study, we revisited the structure of PdAu9CN by high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry on an isolated sample of PdAu9CN with the help of dispersion-corrected DFT calculation. In contradiction to the previous proposal, we conclude that isomers in which an AuCN unit is directly bonded to the central Pd atom of PdAu8 are better candidates. This assignment was supported by Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies of isolated PdAu9CN. The simultaneous formation of [Au(PPh3)2]+ and PdAu9CN suggests that the AuCN species are formed by APP irradiation at the expense of a portion of PdAu8. These results indicate that APP may offer a unique method for transforming metal clusters into novel ones by generating in situ active species that were not originally added to the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct conversion of methane to methanol has attracted increasing interest due to abundant and low-cost natural gas resources. Herein, by anchoring Cr-oxo/-oxyhydroxides on UiO-66 metal–organic frameworks, we demonstrate that reactive anionic oxyl radicals can be formed by controlling the coordination environment based on the results of density functional theory calculations. The anionic oxyl radicals produced at the completely oxidized CrVI site acted as the active species for facile methane activation. The thermodynamically stable CrVI-oxo/-oxyhydroxides with the anionic oxyl radicals catalyze the activation of the methane C–H bond through a homolytic mechanism. An analysis of the results showed that the catalytic performance of the active oxyl species correlates with the reaction energy of methane activation and H adsorption energies. Following methanol formation, N2O can regenerate the active sites on the most stable CrVI oxyhydroxides, i.e., the Cr(O)4Hf species. The present study demonstrated that the anionic oxyl radicals formed on the anchored CrVI oxyhydroxides by tuning the coordination environment enabled facile methane activation and facilitated methanol production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundance of extraterrestrial methanol makes the reaction between methanol molecules in a molecular cluster a possible key step in the search for mechanisms for the formation of more complex molecules under the conditions of the interstellar medium as well as circumstellar and planetary atmospheres. The reaction leading to the formation of the dimethyl ether ion from a methanol molecule interacting with a protonated methanol ion via the elimination of a water molecule is a basic mechanism for the formation of complex organic molecules. Here, we experimentally examine such reactions in the gas phase, analyzing the production and reactivity of protonated cluster ions formed by the ionization of a supersonic jet of methanol. Focusing especially on the post-collisional relaxation of the protonated methanol dimer and trimer ions after high-energy single collisions, the results indicate a strong size selectivity favoring the occurrence of this reaction only in the dimer ion. To elucidate this behavior, the velocity distribution of the eliminated water molecule was measured using an event-by-event coincidence analysis. These results are interpreted using quantum chemical calculations of the dissociation pathways. It turns out that in the dimer case, two transition states are able to contribute to this intracluster reaction. In the trimer case, methanol evaporation appears as the most energetically favorable relaxation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the antioxidant and antineoplastic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Human squamous cell carcinoma HSCC cells were tested for cytotoxicity by a methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (MEHSP). After 24, 48, and 72 h, the MTT assay and Trypan blue exclusion test were used to determine cell survival and death. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), DNA Protection Assay (DPA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAPA) measured the antioxidant activity of MEHSP. Results: The antioxidant activity (%) ranged from 47.92-82.24 in the DPPH test, 11.61-73.65 in the DPA, and 4.97-52.09 in the FRAPA. The HSCC in-vitro cytotoxicity assay showed dose- and time-dependent cell viability. MEHSP at 5 μg/ml inhibited viable cells, while increasing MEHSP doses decreased cell viability. The Trypan blue exclusion test showed that MEHSP significantly reduced cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 h. Conclusion:Hibiscus sabdariffa contains antioxidant and HSCC-cytotoxic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although CO2 impacts the environment negatively, it can be a valuable resource due to its carbon content. The U.S. industry emits over 825 Mt of CO2 annually, with an expected increase in the future. This article analyzes 27 different technology combinations for capturing and using CO2 for industrial feedstocks, including the production of synthetic methane, methanol, and Fischer-Tropsch fuels. The study also estimates and compares the energy requirements for capturing and converting CO2 from 16 different industrial sources, as well as the energy requirements for hydrogen production through state-of-the-art and emerging electrolyzer technologies. Additionally, the study develops a combined scenario that outlines a design for applying an inclusive approach to achieve net-zero CO2 emissions in the industrial sector, incorporating multiple decarbonization measures. The results suggest that the use of CO2 for methane production has the potential to replace all natural gas demands considered in the base case and combined scenarios. However, using CO2 utilization-based Fischer-Tropsch products alone to replace naphtha feedstock and transportation fuels is not sufficient to achieve complete decarbonization in the studied end uses. CO2 utilization-based methanol could potentially substitute for several times the current U.S. methanol production and meet the current global demand for methanol. Moreover, the study conducts an economic analysis to estimate the costs of CO2 utilization, which vary for different industrial sectors and depend on the technologies employed. Overall, this study provides valuable information for policymakers and industry stakeholders who are striving to develop effective strategies to decarbonize the industrial sector.

BACKGROUND: Prior to soil formation, phosphate liberated by rock weathering is often sequestered into highly insoluble lanthanide phosphate minerals. Dissolution of these minerals releases phosphate and lanthanides to the biosphere. Currently, the microorganisms involved in phosphate mineral dissolution and the role of lanthanides in microbial metabolism are poorly understood. RESULTS: Although there have been many studies of soil microbiology, very little research has investigated microbiomes of weathered rock. Here, we sampled weathered granite and associated soil to identify the zones of lanthanide phosphate mineral solubilisation and genomically define the organisms implicated in lanthanide utilisation. We reconstructed 136 genomes from 11 bacterial phyla and found that gene clusters implicated in lanthanide-based metabolism of methanol (primarily xoxF3 and xoxF5) are surprisingly common in microbial communities in moderately weathered granite. Notably, xoxF3 systems were found in Verrucomicrobia for the first time, and in Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Alphaproteobacteria. The xoxF-containing gene clusters are shared by diverse Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, and include conserved hypothetical proteins and transporters not associated with the few well studied xoxF systems. Given that siderophore-like molecules that strongly bind lanthanides may be required to solubilise lanthanide phosphates, it is notable that candidate metallophore biosynthesis systems were most prevalent in bacteria in moderately weathered rock, especially in Acidobacteria with lanthanide-based systems. CONCLUSIONS: Phosphate mineral dissolution, putative metallophore production and lanthanide utilisation by enzymes involved in methanol oxidation linked to carbonic acid production co-occur in the zone of moderate granite weathering. In combination, these microbial processes likely accelerate the conversion of granitic rock to soil.

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is gaining more interest as a sustainable route to produce methanol, a key starting material in the synthesis of many chemicals and a potential energy carrier. Here, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as platforms to integrate plasmonic Au nanospheres and Cu active centers in joint bifunctional hybrid photocatalysts. The methodology followed in obtaining stable Au@UiO‐67‐bpy‐Cu MOFs is based on synthesizing Au@UiO‐67‐bypiridine (bpy) MOFs through a core‐shell procedure, and then modifying them with Cu ions after their coordination with the bpy ligands. This gains the final structure regular coverage of active metal centers that can be excited by the interaction with the plasmonic nanospheres. In the absence of Au, the system demonstrates selectivity toward the formation of methanol under hole scavenger‐free conditions owing to the excitation of the bpy‐Cu complex with visible light. The obtained yield duplicates upon Au nanospheres incorporation as a result of the injection of hot electrons, excited by surface‐mediated intraband processes, to the bpy‐Cu states, thus increasing their CO2 reduction efficiency. Additionally, the catalytic activity remains stable during four consecutive cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of tetraarylmethanes has long been a challenge in the field of synthetic chemistry. In this study, a series of tetraarylmethanes were successfully synthesized through the formal nucleophilic substitution reaction of indol-2-yl diaryl methanol catalyzed by Brønsted acid. The key success of this study lies in suppressing the influence of water molecules by forming hydrogen bonds with the TFE solvent. This process leads to the formation of active 2-indole imine methide (2-IIM) intermediates, ensuring the successful synthesis of tetraarylmethanes. Furthermore, some of the products also exhibited potential anticancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a carbon-free hydrogen-carrying fuel, ammonia can effectively alleviate the problem of CO 2 emissions and has great application potential in marine engines. The low laminar burning velocity and calorific value, and the narrow flammability limit range make the combustion of pure ammonia difficult. Ammonia/methanol mixed combustion is a feasible method to improve ammonia combustion and mitigate CO 2 emissions. It is difficult to accurately predict the laminar burning velocity (LBV) and ignition delay time (IDT) of ammonia/methanol combustion simultaneously by the existing chemical kinetic mechanisms. This study aims to develop a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism that can simultaneously predict the LBV and IDT. The new-developed mechanism was fully validated based on experimental data. Furthermore, it was employed to investigate the effects of methanol blending ratios and equivalence ratios on the LBV and IDT in NH 3 /CH 3 OH mixed flames. Besides, chemical kinetic analyses were conducted to elucidate the influence of methanol mixing ratios and equivalence ratios on LBV and IDT. Reaction pathway analysis revealed that the NH 3 and CH 3 OH chemistry interacted by the sharing of H, OH and O radicals in fuels' decomposition, and chemical interactions of N-containing radicals with the C 1 species. The reactions involving C-containing species can notably improve the LBV of NH 3 /CH 3 OH mixed combustion. At low equivalence ratio, LBV increases in proportion to the fuel proportion. Conversely, at high equivalence ratio, the effect of oxygen concentration on LBV becomes the dominant factor. • A chemical kinetic mechanism of NH 3 /CH 3 OH was developed. • CH 3 O, CH 2 OH, H and OH radicals facilitate the NH 3 oxidation. • C-containing species notably improved LBV. • The effect of equivalence ratio on IDT is smaller than methanol blending ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global shipping contributes (2.8%) to greenhouse gas emissions and needs to find future fuels which will allow the International Maritime organisation's 2050 net zero targets to be met. There is much uncertainty as to which fuels should be used between hydrogen, ammonia or methanol as future costs are uncertain. We propose and evaluate a Wind-to-Wake ratio that provides an objective measure based on the amount of renewable energy required to propel a ship. Time domain voyage energy demand profiles are used to simulate the fuel used and emissions for a cruise ship, a research survey vessel, a container ship and a large multi-fuel Liquefied Natural Gas carrier. Alternative ship power systems are investigated using various carbon-based fuels, ammonia and hydrogen either using conventional engines or fuel cells. For all voyage and fuel scenarios the combination of hydrogen and fuel cells uses 30% less renewable energy than ammonia and 26% less than methanol. Hydrogen only emits steam whereas the other fuel scenarios still emit significant amounts of greenhouse gasses. [Display omitted] • Wind to wake ratio provides an objective measure for comparing future fuels • Time-domain energy demand allows for 4 vessel types and 12 power systems. • Quantitative comparison of methanol, ammonia and hydrogen as future marine fuels. • Hydrogen through fuel cells requires the least amount of renewable energy investment. • Methanol and ammonia combustion scenarios yield a carbon footprint and other air emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of advanced efficient and durable non-precious metal-based anode catalysts for photo-assisted direct methanol fuel cells remains a significant challenge. In this study, Ce-doped Co3O4 (Ce–Co3O4) was prepared by a three-step process involving hydrothermal synthesis, cation exchange and calcination. The introduction of Ce can not only induce more Co3+ with oxidation properties, but also expand the light absorption range and improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. In an alkaline solution and under visible light irradiation, Ce–Co3O4 showed high current density (31.4 A g−1), high photo-response current (3.52 A g−1) and good long-term stability (the current density retention was 82% after 13 h under visible light irradiation). The reaction mechanism for the photo-assisted methanol oxidation was investigated by a series of optical characterization studies (UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance). The results indicated that the strong oxidative photogenerated hole (h+), ˙OH, and ˙O2− were beneficial for the oxidation of methanol and COads. This study provides a good idea for the design of efficient non-precious metal based anode catalysts for photo-assisted direct methanol fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn3[Fe(CN)6]2 (MnHCF) selectively adsorbs methanol from water with a distribution coefficient of 11 mL g−1, which is 3–11 times that of activated carbons and zeolites. MnHCF exhibits an adsorption capacity of 0.36 mmol g−1 and can adsorb 1000 mg MeOH per L in aqueous solution, demonstrating its effectiveness for treating methanol-contaminated wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) are constrained by severe Sr segregation from the BSCF lattice. Herein, we address this problem by loading CeO2 nanoparticles on the BSCF surface. Compared with pristine BSCF, the obtained hybrid catalyst (BSCF@CeO2-10) with strong compressive stress shows greatly improved catalytic activity and stability toward both the OER and MOR. Furthermore, we deduce that the OER process on the BSCF@CeO2-10 surface follows synergistic catalytic mechanism combining the adsorption evolution and lattice oxygen oxidation mechanisms. The greatly improved MOR catalytic activity of BSCF@CeO2-10 can be ascribed to the deposition of CeO2 facilitating the adsorption of methanol and reducing the overall energy barrier of the rate-determining step during *OCH2 into *OCH. This work can provide new insights for designing novel perovskite electrocatalysts for both the OER and MOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alcohols methanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol share many characteristics. The most important is that the compounds themselves are relatively nontoxic but are metabolized, initially by alcohol dehydrogenase, to various toxic intermediates. These compounds are readily available worldwide in commercial products as well as in homemade alcoholic beverages, both of which lead to most of the poisonings, from either unintentional or intentional ingestion. Although relatively infrequent, toxic alcohol poisonings do unfortunately occur in outbreaks and can result in severe morbidity and mortality. These poisonings have traditionally been treated with ethanol since it competes for the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase and decreases the formation of toxic metabolites. Although ethanol can be an effective antidote, there are substantial practical problems with its use. Therefore fomepizole, a potent competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, was developed for a hopefully better treatment for metabolically toxic alcohol poisonings. Fomepizole has few side effects and is easy to use in practice and it may obviate the need for haemodialysis in some, but not all, patients. Hence, fomepizole has largely replaced ethanol as the toxic alcohol antidote in many countries. Nevertheless, ethanol remains an important alternative because access to fomepizole can be limited, the cost may appear excessive or the physician may prefer ethanol due to experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a facile synthesis procedure was developed to deposit Pt−Pd dendrites using the chronopotentiometry (CP) method on polyaniline/carbon nanotube composites. The morphology of the bimetallic Pt−Pd dendrites exhibited a petal‐like shape. The results indicated that multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with larger diameters (approximately 60 nm) demonstrated enhanced support capabilities for achieving uniform dispersion of Pt−Pd dendrites. The electrochemical mass activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) of Pt72Pd28/PANI/CNTs composites reached 670 mA mg−1Pt+Pd, representing a 1.2‐fold increase compared to that of Pt/C. Moreover, the If/Ib value of Pt72Pd28/PANI/CNTs catalyst was 1.9 times higher than that of Pt/C catalyst. Notably, the Pt72Pd28 dendrites displayed superior catalytic performance and COad tolerance in comparison to commercial Pt/C catalysts, as evidenced by their high mass activity and If/Ib value. These research findings present a novel approach for preparing highly active Pt−Pd binary catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a type of diverse and structurally adjustable metal‐oxo clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs) based materials have been extensively applied as a catalysis in various valuable reactions. This review summarized recent progress in the application of POMs‐based catalysts for various carbonylation reactions including (1). Carbonylation of olefins, (2). Carbonylation of formaldehyde, (3). Carbonylation of methanol or dimethyl ether, (4). Oxidative carbonylation of methane, (5). Oxidative carbonylation of phenol and (6). Reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene. A brief perspective on POMs‐based catalysts for the carbonylation reactions is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial oxidation of methane to methanol (POMM) is an economic and environmental technology, especially for utilizing low-concentration methane resources in the explosive range. In this paper, mineral clays like sepiolite (SEP), attapulgite (ATP), montmorillonite (MMT), bentonite (BEN), kaolin (KAO) and diatomite (DIA) were used as supports to prepare copper-based clay catalysts by impregnation method and their performance in continuous direct POMM with O 2 as oxygen source were tested. The methanol yields of these catalysts at 320 °C with feed ratio of CH 4 : O 2 : H 2 O = 2: 1: 8 exhibited the following order: Cu/KAO (145.26 μmol/g Cu /h) > Cu/ATP (74.18 μmol/g Cu /h) > Cu/SEP (63.99 μmol/g Cu /h) > Cu/MMT (51.59 μmol/g Cu /h) > Cu/DIA (42.29 μmol/g Cu /h) > Cu/BEN (39.64 μmol/g Cu /h). This demonstrated that copper-based clay catalysts were promising for use in POMM considering their economy and environmental acceptability. Additionally, these copper-based clay catalysts were characterized and it was found that different clays could tailor the interaction of Cu species with supports, alter the reducibility and surface acidity, thereby changing the methanol yield. What's more, it was confirmed that the superior methanol yield of Cu/KAO was attributed to its relatively more [Cu 2 O)]2+ sites with Cu–O, Cu–Si/Al and Cu–Cu coordination structures similar to that of copper-based zeolite catalysts. [Display omitted] • Explored the application of various clay materials in the methane to methanol. • Cu/KAO exhibited similar activity as copper-based zeolite catalysts. • EXAFS indicates that Cu/KAO has Cu–O, Cu–Si/Al and Cu–Cu coordination structures. • In-situ FT-IR indicates that methoxy is intermediate of methane to methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bio-based production of chemical building blocks from renewable, sustainable and non-food substrates is one key element to fight climate crisis. Lactic acid, one such chemical building block is currently produced from first generation feedstocks such as glucose and sucrose, both requiring land and water resources. In this study we aimed for lactic acid production from methanol by utilizing Komagataella phaffii as a production platform. Methanol, a single carbon source has potential as a sustainable substrate as technology allows (electro)chemical hydrogenation of CO 2 for methanol production. Here we show that expression of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum derived lactate dehydrogenase leads to L-lactic acid production in Komagataella phaffii , however, production resulted in low titers and cells subsequently consumed lactic acid again. Gene expression analysis of the methanol-utilizing genes AOX1 , FDH1 and DAS2 showed that the presence of lactic acid downregulates transcription of the aforementioned genes, thereby repressing the methanol-utilizing pathway. For activation of the methanol-utilizing pathway in the presence of lactic acid, we constructed strains deficient in transcriptional repressors Nrg1, Mig1-1, and Mig1-2 as well as strains with overrepresentation of transcriptional activators Mxr1 and Mit1. While loss of transcriptional repressors had no significant impact on lactic acid production, overexpression of both transcriptional activators, MXR1 and MIT1 , increased lactic acid titers from 4 g L−1 to 17 g L−1 in bioreactor cultivations. • The presence of lactic acid has a repressive effect on methanol utilizing genes in Komagataella phaffii. • Overexpression of the transcription factor genes MXR1 and MIT1 leads to higher expression of AOX1 and FDH1. • Higher expression of methanol utilizing genes improves lactic acid production on MeOH in bioreactor cultivations. • Keeping MeOH concentration at 2 % is beneficial for lactic acid production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-temperature combustion (LTC) concepts, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC), aim to reduce in-cylinder temperatures in internal combustion engines, thereby lowering emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot. These LTC concepts are particularly attractive for decarbonizing conventional diesel engines using renewable fuels such as methanol. This paper uses numerical simulations and a finite-rate chemistry model to investigate the combustion and emission processes in LTC engines operating with pure methanol. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of the physical and chemical processes in the engine and to identify optimal engine operation in terms of efficiency and emissions. The simulations replicated the experimentally observed trends for CO, unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs), and NOx emissions, the required intake temperature to achieve consistent combustion phasing at different injection timings, and the distinctively different combustion heat release processes at various injection timings. It was found that the HCCI mode of engine operation required a higher intake temperature than PPC operation due to methanol's low ignition temperature in fuel-richer mixtures. In the HCCI mode, the engine exhibited ultra-low NOx emissions but higher emissions of UHC and CO, along with lower combustion efficiency compared to the PPC mode. This was attributed to poor combustion efficiency in the near-wall regions and engine crevices. Low emissions and high combustion efficiency are achievable in PPC modes with a start of injection around a crank angle of 30° before the top dead center. The fundamental mechanism behind the engine performance is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of their great capability and consistent quality, Diesel engines are commonly employed in Industrial regions, Transportation sectors, and Agricultural fields. The main disadvantage of this engine is the excessive amount of smoke and nitrogen oxide emissions. As a result, Mosambi Peel Pyro oil (MPO) was blended in varying quantities with straight diesel. Methanol enrichment was used to test D90MPO10 (10% MPO +90% Diesel), D90MPO10M21 (10% MPO +90% Diesel +21% Methanol), and D90MPO10M22 (10% MPO +90% Diesel +22% Methanol)Oil parameters.The ultimate, proximate, and FTIR analyses, as well as viscosity, density, flash point, and fire point, are estimated. D90MPO10, D90MPO10M21, and D90MPO10M22 are diesel engine fuels, and D90MPO10M22's combustion and emission performance are investigated. It was shown that using D90MPO10 as pilot fuel and methanol as an induction fuel in diesel engines resulted in lower smoke levels (3.5%) and increased thermal efficiency (2.5%) with no significant Performance Degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methanol extract of Inula viscosa (IVM) was investigated for its antioxidant potential using the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging as well as iron chelating assays (ICA). The total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of IVM were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride methods, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of I. viscosa methanol extract was investigated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution method. The IVM extract was found to be containing TPC (236.78 ± 7.63 mg GAE/g) and TFC (94.36 ± 1.86 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity IC50 values for the DPPH, ABTS and ICA assays were found to be 277.7 ± 3.68, 2.44 ± 0.02, and 222.1 ± 0.71 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values of the IVM on the tested microorganisms ranged from 0.48 to 7.81 mg/mL. Furthermore, IVM extract was demonstrated 18.32 ± 1.37%, 23.06 ± 1.05%, 4.72 ± 0.13%, 15.13 ± 0.37% and 37.64 ± 4.02% inhibition against tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE and BChE, respectively. In the results of LC-MS/MS analysis, acacetin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid and protocatechuic acid were determined as most dominant compounds. These findings suggested that this plant may be a natural resource for creating novel medicinal compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol, being electron rich and derivable from methane or CO 2 , is a very promising feedstock for biomanufacturing. Nevertheless, challenges still remain in methanol metabolism for value-added chemicals overproduction. Here, we performed gene mining and revealed the endogenous homoserine cycle for methanol conversion in Pichia pastoris for the first time. In addition, by manipulation of the concentration of methanol, adding the amino acids, and overexpressing the pathway genes, we identified the key substrates and rate-limiting enzymes (SDA and TS) affecting the homoserine cycle. Hence, the metabolic fluxes were rewired toward homoserine cycle and the methanol conversion was stepwise promoted through the introduction of cytoplasmic methanol oxidation pathway, overexpression of the key genes in the glycine and serine synthesis routes, and multicopy integration of the SDA and TS expression cassettes. Eventually, in combination with pathway revelation and metabolic engineering, the rebuilding methylotroph with strengthened homoserine cycle was able to produce 33.9 mg/L/OD β-carotene with a titer of 173.9 mg/L from methanol. The unit cell titer of β-carotene was 145.7 % higher than that of the initial strain (Kp16). This study will lay a good foundation for optimizing methylotrophic platform to promote industrial utilization. [Display omitted] • Revelation of the endogenous homoserine cycle in P. pastoris. • Identifying and manipulating the key substrates and enzymes. • The methanol conversion was greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon footprint of methanol from cradle‐to‐grave is evaluated using three process concepts to capture CO2, i.e., one using CO2 from direct air capture (DAC) and the other two utilizing CO2 from a steel mill's blast furnace gas (BFG). Hydrogen is supplied by onsite electrolysis, or from a German offshore wind park, or an Australian solar park with ammonia as hydrogen carrier. The study is of interest to life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners, policymakers, and industries' management who are involved in regulating, planning, implementing, and operating projects which aim to produce fuels using hydrogen from electrolysis (so‐called 'e‐fuels'). The influence of assumptions in the RED‐II delegated act regarding recycled carbon fuels and renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non‐biological origin on the carbon footprint results is examined. The RED‐II assumption regarding the credits for captured CO2 after 2041 indicate that DAC‐based concepts are advantageous with respect to BFG, although the LCA results indicate the opposite. Using green hydrogen from nearby locations reduces carbon footprints more than faraway locations due to transport‐related emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is part of the European Union (EU)'s strategy to become climate‐neutral by 2050. CO2 is needed as a feedstock for the production of climate‐friendly base chemicals and sustainable fuels. Although CO2 capture from industrial point sources is technically feasible and requires less energy than direct air capture, its integration into the circular economy is challenging due to only the temporary recognition of fossil CO2 as a source for the production of climate‐friendly renewable fuels. In this article, CO2 sources such as waste incineration plants, lime production, and steel production are analyzed based on process simulation in terms of their energy demand for CCU and compliance with current EU legislation on renewable fuels over the service life of a CCU plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of renewable and sustainable fuels must comply with the EU regulatory framework (Renewable Energy Directive (EU) 2023/2413, Commission Delegated Regulations (EU) 2023/1184, and (EU) 2023/1185) for the use of renewable energy in the transport sector. The utilization of steel mill gases (SMGs) and alternative CO2 sources (waste incineration plants (WIPs), lime industry) to produce renewable fuels of non‐biological origin (RFNBOs) and recycled carbon fuels (RCFs) are attractive options as a high share of RFNBOs can be achieved with a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to fossil fuel use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol synthesis from sustainable feedstocks will play an important role in the future's energy system. To enable an accurate design of crude methanol distillation systems, detailed knowledge about the amounts of side products in crude methanol is required. In this study, crude methanol samples obtained from four experimental setups covering a wide range of process conditions were analyzed for their main and side compounds. By means of a Spearman correlation analysis, the amount of carbon oxides in the reactor feed was identified as determining for the formation of side products. Trend lines describing the amount of side products were derived from the experimental data to enable studies on the downstream treatment of crude methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to escalating environmental concerns and the imperative to institute effective energy management strategies, the pursuit of alternative fuels has emerged as a pivotal endeavor for realizing sustainable energy solutions. Methanol and ammonia have surfaced as particularly promising and environmentally friendly liquid fuels, holding significant potential for aiding in the attainment of decarbonization objectives and addressing global energy requirements. This research proposes and scrutinizes a sophisticated cogeneration system integrating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), gas turbine (GT), steam Rankine cycle, and organic Rankine cycle. Direct utilization of ammonia and methanol as fuel in this intricate system is examined, with the design and modeling facilitated through the utilization of Aspen HYSYS V.12.1. The thermodynamic performance of the proposed system is rigorously assessed by employing the foundational principles of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The direct SOFCs fueled by ammonia and methanol exhibit notable energy efficiencies of 64.25 % and 58.42 %, respectively. Remarkably, the amalgamated systems showcase heightened energy efficiencies, witnessing a commendable increase of 12.64 % and 10.66 % when powered by ammonia and methanol, respectively, as compared to individual SOFC systems. Examination of exergy destruction reveals the SOFC as the principal contributor, with electrochemical and chemical processes constituting the primary sources of irreversibility. Additionally, explicit values for exergy destruction in the GT, afterburner, and heat exchanger components are provided. A comprehensive parametric study underscores the pivotal role of the fuel utilization factor (Uf), identifying a value of 0.85 as optimal and significantly augmenting the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. This analysis not only substantiates the potential of ammonia and methanol as effective carriers for hydrogen but also underscores the efficacy of waste heat recovery as a viable strategy for enhancing the overall thermodynamic performance of an SOFC system. The findings presented herein contribute valuable insights, paving the way for the strategic utilization of alternative fuels and cogeneration systems in the broader context of sustainable and environmentally conscious energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton-conductor solid oxide fuel cells (PC–SOFCs) have demonstrated innovative capabilities in energy applications, particularly for the efficient transformation of biomass fuels into hydrogen for power generation. Methanol, a readily available and economical biomass fuel with a high hydrogen content, has shown significant potential for waste utilization and energy recovery. Consequently, this study employed methanol as a fuel for PC-SOFCs and investigated the optimal operating conditions through meticulously designed experiments. This study also enhanced the cell performance through the co-reforming of steam and methanol, demonstrating that the introduction of steam during the methanol-reforming process significantly improved cell efficiency. At a 30 % methanol fuel concentration and a 700 °C operating temperature, co-reforming increased the maximum power density (MPD) from 0.269 to 0.352 W cm−2. Additionally, integrating Ru-GDC nanofiber catalysts into the anodic dendritic microchannels enabled the creation of an in-situ catalytic cracking reactor, further boosting MPD to 0.412 W cm−2. The catalyst-equipped cell demonstrated stable operation for continuous 102 h at a current density of 0.6 A cm−2, with no performance decline, thereby confirming the exceptional long-term stability of the system. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abrus precatorius (AP) is a medicinal plant rarely studied for its beneficial effects against diabetes mellitus (DM) type-1. We estimated DM type-1 related parameters—total protein (TP), direct bilirubin (DB), urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum glucose (SG) after treatment with methanol extracts of AP leaves (APMLE) for 21 days, followed by histopathological analysis of kidney and liver sections. AP leaf bioactives (ALPBs) were collected from GCMS fractions, database, and literature; common targets were intersected with annotated DM type-1 genes from the experimental GSE14503 microarray dataset and genecard database. Overlapping differentially expressed genes were collected, and their protein–protein interaction network was analyzed using various bioinformatics tools: Enrichr, SRplot, GSEA, and Cytoscape, to provide insight into the potential molecular basis of APLBs in DM-type-1. 15 compounds were identified from GCMS analysis of APMLE. Antidiabetic potential of APMLE was observed with significant (p < 0.05) normalization of SG, TP, DB, ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine while hepatorenal photomicrographs indicated moderate safety. Erucic acid, oleic acid, phytol and stigmasterol interacted with 25 type-1 DM biomarkers enriched in lipid and prostaglandin metabolic processes, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cAMP signaling pathway. Furthermore, PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated alpha) and SCD (stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase) were revealed as core biotargets interacting with APLBs via hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces from the docking study. Future interests may provide additional experimental data into the mechanisms by which APLBs elicit this remarkable ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing low-cost, high-catalytic-performance anode electrocatalysts is a significant challenge for methanol oxidation (MOR) and urea oxidation (UOR) reactions. Using paper templates with abundant pores to prepare thin porous metal materials helps to obtain high-performance electrode materials. The nano amorphous B-doped Ni/crystalline Ni (nanoam Ni-B/Ni) foil composite electrodes were derived from paper templates prepared by impregnation, high-temperature reduction, and electrodeposition methods. Porous Ni foils (Nip) derived thinnest rice ("Xuan") paper, initially used for Chinese calligraphy and painting, exhibits the best performance due to its strong adsorption and wettability. Compared to direct current electrodeposition, pulse electrodeposition yields finer amorphous B-doped Ni nanoparticles with good catalytic performance. Under a current density of 100 mA·cm−2, the nanoam Ni-B/Ni composite electrode prepared under a duty cycle of 0.5–1.0 s achieved current densities of 290.4 mA·cm−2 (MOR) and 340.4 mA·cm−2 (UOR) at 0.8 V, which are improved by 37.1% and 55.1%, respectively, compared to those of Nip. After 2000 cycles, with solution replacement, the current densities maintained 99.2% (MOR) and 81.6% (UOR) of the original values, showing excellent electrocatalytic stability. This research provided a new use for Chinese rice paper, and the prepared Nip-based electrode, with a thickness of about 60 μm and a low area quality, had a simple preparation process and good electrochemical properties, and can be used as a potential substitute for commercial Ni foam for portable or small electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels, using only sunlight and water, offers a promising path to carbon neutrality. An outstanding challenge is to achieve high efficiency and product selectivity. Here, we introduce a wireless photocatalytic architecture for conversion of CO2 and water into methanol and oxygen. The catalytic material consists of semiconducting nanowires decorated with core-shell nanoparticles, with a copper-rhodium core and a chromium oxide shell. The Rh/CrOOH interface provides a unidirectional channel for proton reduction, enabling hydrogen spillover at the core-shell interface. The vectorial transfer of protons, electrons, and hydrogen atoms allows for switching the mechanism of CO2 reduction from a proton-coupled electron transfer pathway in aqueous solution to hydrogenation of CO2 with a solar-to-methanol efficiency of 0.22%. The reported findings demonstrate a highly efficient, stable, and scalable wireless system for synthesis of methanol from CO2 that could provide a viable path toward carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Equisetum diffusum D. Don commonly known as 'Himalayan horsetail', has been traditionally used in the treatment of back pain, bone fracture and dislocation, and arthritis by various tribal communities of India. Our previous study confirmed the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the plant through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo model studies. Therefore, the current research is focused on safety dose evaluation for the first-time of the whole-plant methanol extract (EDME) of E. diffusum through appropriate in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. Method: The whole plant, along with its rhizomes, was collected, and the methanol extract was prepared. The in silico ADMET study was performed to predict the pharmacokinetics profile and toxicity of all the identified phyto-compounds of EDME previously screened by GC–MS study. In vitro cytotoxicity study of EDME was performed using two cell lines: kidney (HEK293) and liver (Huh7) cell lines. The in vivo toxicity study of EDME was validated by the acute toxicity (OECD 423, 2002) and sub-acute toxicity assays (OECD 407, 2008) in the Wistar Albino rat model. Results: The in silico ADMET study of all 47 bioactives predicted good pharmacokinetic and low toxicity profiles. In vitro cytotoxicity showed higher IC50 values of EDME viz., 672 ± 15.7 μg/mL and 1698 ± 6.54 μg/mL for both kidney (HEK293) and liver (Huh7) cell lines, respectively, which were considered as low-toxic. Based on acute oral toxicity, the LD50 value of the extract was considered "non-toxic" up to a feeding range of 2000 mg/kg of body weight. The regular consumption of the extract for an extended period (28 days) was also qualified as safe based on the body and organ weight, hematological, biochemical, and histoarchitecture results in the sub-acute toxicity assay. Conclusion: The detailed in silico, in vitro, in vivo (acute and sub-acute oral toxicity) studies gave us a new insight to the safety dose evaluation of Equisetum diffusum, which may serve as a reliable documentation for undertaking the experimental validation of the ethnobotanical uses of the plant which would help in the field of drug development for the treatment of inflammation related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated and compared the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the solvent extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Vernonia amygdalina Del leaves. Methanolic and aqueous extracts showed high (P ≤ 0.05) extract yields (in %), compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts from both V. amygdalina and A. indica leaves. The study exhibited high phytochemical content in methanol and aqueous extracts compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts, confirming the potential for medicinal use. V. amygdalina methanol and aqueous extracts had higher (P ≤ 0.05) total phenolic content (TPC), in mg GAE/gDW, (158.810±0.846 and 217.883±0.265, respectively) than chloroform (37.574±0.118) and ethyl acetate (104.758±0.236) but higher ethyl acetate content in A. indica extracts. Low polar solvents extracted high (P ≤ 0.05) total flavonoids, in mgQE/gDW, (367.051±0.858 and 149.808±0.009) compared to high polar solvents (14.863±0.071 and 54.226±0.014) in V. amygdalina while as in A. indica leaf extracts, low polar solvents showed high TFC (658.469±3.451 and 275.288±10.490) compared to high polar solvents (26.312±0.063 and 48.858±0.063) respectively. In vitro total antioxidant capacity, in mg/g, was higher in polar solvents than in low-polar solvents, ranging from 34.300±1.784 to 121.015±6.839 for A. indica ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. A strong correlation between TPC and tannic acid content was observed, except in A. indica methanolic extracts of A. indica. Ferric reducing power was high, except for V. amygdalina chloroform and methanol leaf extracts, which were lower (P≤ 0.05) than that of the standard ascorbic acid. The study revealed that high polar solvents, such as methanol and water, are more efficient in the extraction of antioxidants from A. indica but lower in V. amygdalina extracts. High phytochemical content and antioxidative capacity could be significant in treating various diseases in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallium oxide‐based catalysts are promising candidates for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, whilst mechanistic understanding of the catalytic systems is not yet fully understood. Here, transient in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) studies of CO2 hydrogenation over the unsupported CuGa and CuGaN (with N doping) catalysts were conducted. The findings show that N doping could possibly promote the formation of surface Cu+ sites on the interface between Cu and Ga2O3, and hence increasing the selectivity to methanol. However, N doping prohibited the reduction of Ga2O3 to oxygen‐deficient Ga2O3‐x, which is unfavorable for CO2 conversion. Additionally, during DRIFTS the steady‐state isotope transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) was performed (under H2/D2 isotopic switching conditions). The SSITKA results confirm that the Cu+‐bound formates were likely the key intermediates for methanol synthesis over the catalyst, and the N doping could also weak the interaction between CO* species and the catalyst surface, and thus facilitating the selectivity towards methanol rather than CO. Findings of the work show that the partial nitridation of the metal oxides could be the strategy to promote methanol synthesis selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The N‐methylation reaction of amines with methanol via the borrowing‐hydrogen strategy is an important method for the construction of C−N bonds. Compared with other C1 sources, such as toxic formaldehyde or expensive formic acid, methanol is more suitable for N‐methylation reactions due to its eco‐friendliness and low price. Using this strategy, various types N‐methylated products, including biological and pharmaceutical molecules have been prepared. Here, we present a thorough survey of decades of articles showing current developments in N‐methylation reactions with methanol. We discuss homogenous, heterogenous and light‐driven catalytic systems for both N‐methylation and N,N‐dimethylation reactions. This review presents the shortcomings of current developments and provides future development progress in N‐methylation reactions with methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic aerogels, as featured by high surface area, porosity, and self‐supported metal skeleton, are regarded as an ideal platform for developing next‐generation electrocatalysts. However, the precise adjustment of their skeleton nanostructure to enhance catalytic properties remains significantly underexplored. Herein, inspired by the impact of the metal atoms' coordination number on their reactivity, we devised and prepared dendritic Pt aerogels (DPAs) via a facile sol‐gel method. The synergy of aerogel structure and coordinatively distinct catalytic sites from dendritic morphology enables DPAs to exhibit markedly improved electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction. The mass activity and specific activity of DPAs are 1.28 A mgPt−1 and 1.5 mA cmPt−2, which are 4.1 and 3.2 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of targets from biological samples for immunoassays using organic solvents, such as methanol, is often necessary. However, high concentrations of organic solvents in extracts invariably lead to instability of the employed antibody, resulting in poor performance of the immunoassay. Evaluating the tolerance ability and exploring the molecular mechanisms of antibody tolerance in organic solvents are essential for the development of robust immunoassays. In this work, 25 monoclonal antibodies and methanol are utilized as models to address these questions. A novel protocol is initially established to precisely and rapidly determine antibody tolerance in methanol, identifying two distinct methanol effect patterns. Through a detailed investigation of the structural basis, a novel hypothesis regarding methanol effect patterns is proposed, termed "folding‐aggregation," which is subsequently validated through molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the investigation of sequence basis reveals significant differences in residue types within the complementarity‐determining regions and ligand‐binding residues, distinguishing the two antibody methanol effect patterns. Moreover, the methanol effect patterns of the antibodies are defined by germline antibodies. This work represents the first exploration of antibody methanol effect patterns and associated molecular mechanisms, with potential implications for the discovery and engineering of tolerant antibodies for the development of robust immunoassays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnZrOx solid solution is a promising catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, but precise design of the nanostructure to enhance catalytic performance remains a significant challenge. Herein, a ZnZrOx-based solid solution (ZnZrOx-MD) nanoparticle catalyst with uniform metal dispersion and remarkable CO2 activation ability was developed via calcination of metal–organic frameworks [MOFs, viz., PCN-223-(Zn)] with mixed metal (Zr and Zn) as solid precursors. It was found that the ZnZrOx-MD nanoparticle catalyst outperformed its counterparts prepared using a traditional deposition–precipitation method (ZnZrOx-TD). Furthermore, the effects of the micromorphology and crystal composition on the catalytic performance of ZnZrOx-MD were systematically investigated. Comprehensive characterization results reveal that ZnZrOx-MD contained abundant oxygen vacancies, large specific surface area, and uniform metal dispersion, which collectively contributed to its excellent CO2 hydrogenation performance, resulting in a high methanol selectivity of 77.2% at 320 °C. In situ DRIFTS experiments confirm the mechanism for the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over the ZnZrOx nanoparticle catalysts involved the initial formation of HCOO* species, followed by subsequent hydrogenation to generate CH3O* and ultimately produce methanol. Overall, this work highlights the potential benefits of MOFs as thermal decomposition precursors for the fabrication of solid-state catalysts with unique properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Green Deal targets, along with tightening emissions legislation, foster research on alternative propulsion systems. In non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), these efforts largely rally around sustainable fuels while keeping the benefits of energy security (multi-fueling) high. In this context, the blends of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Methanol (MEOH) are amongst the most promising yet under-researched alternatives and, as such, need dedicated methods for determining their suitability in engine applications. In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analytics for determining the stability of MEOH-HVO mixtures. The research considers temperature effects during storage by conditioning the test samples at −20 °C and +20 °C. The stability of the blends and different co-solvents is analysed after six weeks, and FTIR spectra are used to identify the chemical bonds. From FTIR analysis, blending MEOH20 with 1-dodecanol results in stable homogenous alkyl-ether fuels, while the MEOH20 blend with methyl-butyrate results in ester fuels. There are observable differences in the blend samples according to their storage temperatures. In conclusion, both fuel blend samples formed different fuel types, which are stable and homogenous at room temperature, posing great potential for their applicability in different NRMM types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythropoietin (EPO) has demonstrated neuroprotective properties and has been used in small case series to treat methanol optic neuropathy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EPO. This retrospective case series included data from patients diagnosed with methanol optic neuropathy between November 2022 and December 2023 from two centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic information, time of consumption of methanol to EPO treatment, and other treatments administered were collected. Vision assessment was performed before and after EPO treatment. A total of 8 male patients were included, with an average age of 38.25 ± 7.15 years. The median duration of the follow-up was 66 days, ranging from 13 to 660 days. The means of vision in the logMAR of both eyes before EPO treatment was 1.98 ± 1.08, which changed to 1.87 ± 0.89 after EPO treatment. Patient’s presenting vision before EPO treatment is a significant positive predictor for the vision after treatment with coefficient = 0.782 and 95% CI = 0.349, 0.936. Time to EPO treatment was not statistically significant in defining end vision. Treating methanol optic neuropathy is challenging and time sensitive. In this case series, EPO and adjuvant steroids showed variable effects on visual improvement. Although the vision improved after the treatment, these differences were not statistically significant. Repeat EPO did not give better outcomes. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine the overall impact of EPO treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Sweden takes its first steps towards a hydrogen-based economy, a strategic approach to infrastructure development for both storage and delivery becomes necessary. Although compressed hydrogen is currently the state-of-the-art, its low volumetric density and associated high capital costs pose challenges to widespread societal deployment of hydrogen. In order to avoid technological lock-in, alternatives storage technologies including chemical hydrides, e.g. methanol, ammonia, methane and LOHC, must also be explored. These alternatives offer higher hydrogen densities, safer handling, and compatibility with existing infrastructure. However, each hydride has unique chemical and physical properties, requires distinct feedstock and conversion processes, and interacts with the energy system in different ways, all of which influences their suitability for various applications. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of these alternative hydrogen storage technologies, as carried out in this article, is vital to allow for informed investment decisions and pave the way towards a successful and sustainable hydrogen economy. • Chemical hydrides have emerged as promising hydrogen storage alternatives. • Chemical hydrides facilitate cheaper global hydrogen trade. • Sweden's biogenic CO 2 emissions promote storage in methanol and methane. • Optimal storage choice depends on specific applications and their energy systems. • Chemical hydrides have high technological maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are a source of phytochemical compounds that play a significant role in human healthcare. The potent effects of these plants are mainly due to the presence of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to identify various phytochemicals and quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the methanolic extract of Ficus carica leaves, as well as to measure their antioxidant properties. Alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins were all detected in the raw powdered extract of F. carica leaves. However, alkaloids were absent in the methanolic extract. In the quantitative analysis, the total flavonoid content was significantly higher than the total phenolic content. The result of the study highlighted the potent phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties in the extract, indicating its potential for developing new drugs. This study also supports some of the traditional medicinal properties of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiogenesis is a physiological process with a role in vessel proliferation that is significant in tumor development. Inhibition of this process is called anti-angiogenesis, employing the use of various natural medical agents. These include mollusks, which are deemed as a source of different medicinal compounds that can act as anti-angiogenesis treatments utilized in cancer therapy. This study aims to investigate different concentrations of methanol extracts of a molluscan marine bivalve, Anodontia edentula, and determine the anti-angiogenic activity of the extract using chorioallantoicmembrane (CAM) assay. By utilizing vessel count analysis, results show A. edentula extracts exhibit anti-angiogenic activity, with negative values in percent growth and positive values in percent inhibition. Two out of four concentrations of extracts (1000 and 500 ppm) exhibit no significant difference with positive control (ibuprofen) regarding its anti-angiogenic ability. It is highly recommended to investigate the compounds responsible for the angiogenic inhibition observed in A. edentula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 25% of global carbon emissions come from food production. Renewable fuels are crucial for curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vehicles, non-road machines, and agricultural machinery. Tractors, key to modern farming, are central to these efforts. As agriculture strives for sustainability, alternative fuels like methanol and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) are arousing interest because they are renewable and offer potential for blending for use in diesel engines. Methanol and HVO have limited solubility in direct mixing, so the addition of a co-solvent is essential. This study addresses the research gap regarding the properties of HVO and methanol blends with co-solvents. It investigated the impact of three co-solvents, 1-dodecanol, 1-octanol, and methyl butyrate, on the miscibility of HVO and methanol. The experimental measurements cross-varied the co-solvent type with different blending ratios (MeOH5 and MeOH10). Investigated parameters include fuel density, kinematic viscosity, distillation properties, and surface tension. The co-solvents enabled the formation of a singular, clear, and homogeneous phase in methanol-HVO blends. The co-solvent 1-dodecanol demonstrated the highest solubilizing capacity for MeOH5 and MeOH10 blends, followed by 1-octanol. Adding co-solvents led to increased fuel density, decreased kinematic viscosity, and small changes in surface tension. These findings contribute to the optimization of methanol–HVO fuel blends for efficient and environmentally friendly use in vehicles, non-road machinery, and agricultural machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Denmark has set a target of 4–6 GW electrolysis capacity by 2030, of which a part of the produced hydrogen is to be used for export, while the rest could be transformed further into electrofuels. The North Denmark Region has favourable conditions for the production of carbon-based fuels. The region has high availability of CO2 sources and a strategic position for establishing CO2 hubs in the local harbours that could support biogenic CO2 availability in the future. This paper investigates the potential of the region for exporting e-methanol through 22 energy system scenarios and the impacts on the energy system if this is to be realised by 2030 and 2045, when Denmark is expected to achieve its national climate goals. The analysis highlights the significant potential of this region to contribute to e-methanol production not only to meet the regional demand for methanol for marine transport and aviation but also for export to the rest of Denmark or beyond Danish borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bentonite-sand mixture is considered to be a potential liner material for landfill facilities owing to its excellent sorption potential and swelling characteristics. Such liner materials are expected to perform satisfactorily if the hydraulic conductivity is maintained less than 10−7 cm/s and thereby inhibiting the migration of the generated leachate. However, the performance assessment of these liners in the presence of highly concentrated organic fluids and under the overburden stresses that is usually expected in landfill conditions is scarce. Therefore, in the present work, the hydraulic performance of the bentonite-sand mixtures in the presence of the organic compounds commonly encountered in the landfill leachate is studied, which is a need of the hour. Flow tests were performed to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity of different bentonite-sand mixtures in unhydrated conditions and permeated with varied proportions of methanol-water and ethanol-water mixtures. The study reveals that the proportions of the organic pore fluids significantly influence the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite-sand mixtures. A very good linear relationship was observed between the pore fluids' dielectric constants and the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite-sand mixtures. The chemo-mechanical behavior suggests that the conventional bentonite-sand mixtures perform poorly in terms of the hydraulic and swelling characteristics with the change in the dielectric constant of the organic fluids. The microstructural analysis also supports the experimental findings that as the dielectric constant of the fluid are reduced, the effective flow path through the soil increases considerably resulting in higher hydraulic conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]