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1. The impact of insect herbivory on biogeochemical cycling in broadleaved forests varies with temperature

Author

Hwang, Bernice C., Giardina, Christian P., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barrios-Garcia, M. Noelia, Calvo-Alvarado, Julio C., Dargie, Greta C., Diao, Haoyu, Duboscq-Carra, Virginia G., Hemp, Andreas, Hemp, Claudia, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Ivanov, Aleksandr V., Johnson, Nels G., Kuijper, Dries P. J., Lewis, Simon L., Lobos-Catalán, Paulina, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Mumladze, Levan, Ngute, Alain Senghor K., Palma, Ana C., Petritan, Ion Catalin, Rordriguez-Cabal, Mariano A., Suspense, Ifo A., Zagidullina, Asiia, Andersson, Tommi, Galiano-Cabrera, Darcy F., Jiménez-Castillo, Mylthon, Churski, Marcin, Gage, Shelley A., Filippova, Nina, Francisco, Kainana S., Gaglianese-Woody, Morgan, Iankoshvili, Giorgi, Kaswamila, Mgeta Adidas, Lyatuu, Herman, Mampouya Wenina, Y. E., Materu, Brayan, Mbemba, M., Moritz, Ruslan, Orang, Karma, Plyusnin, Sergey, Puma Vilca, Beisit L., Rodríguez-Solís, Maria, Šamonil, Pavel, Stępniak, Kinga M., Walsh, Seana K., Xu, Han, and Metcalfe, Daniel B.

Published
2024
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3. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally.

Author

Maestre, Fernando, Power, Sally, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew, Munson, Seth, Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción, Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana, Borer, Elizabeth, Bork, Edward, Bruschetti, Carlos, Byrne, Kerry, Cahill, James, Calvo, Dianela, Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron, Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott, Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus, Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda, Cusack, Daniela, Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, Dietterich, Lee, S Doherty, Tim, Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia, Forte, Tai, Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron, Guidoni-Martins, Karlo, Hannusch, Heather, Vatsø Haugum, Siri, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene, Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric, Larsen, Klaus, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia, Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra, Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Curtis Lubbe, Frederick, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel, Mori, Akira, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory, Nielsen, Uffe, Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, and OConnor, Rory

Subjects
Drought-Net, International Drought Experiment, climate extreme, productivity, Droughts, Ecosystem, Grassland, Carbon Cycle, Climate Change, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events-the most common duration of drought-globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function-aboveground net primary production (ANPP)-was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

7. Global effects of non‐native tree species on multiple ecosystem services

Author

Castro‐Díez, Pilar, Vaz, Ana Sofia, Silva, Joaquim S, Loo, Marcela, Alonso, Álvaro, Aponte, Cristina, Bayón, Álvaro, Bellingham, Peter J, Chiuffo, Mariana C, DiManno, Nicole, Julian, Kahua, Kandert, Susanne, La Porta, Nicola, Marchante, Hélia, Maule, Hamish G, Mayfield, Margaret M, Metcalfe, Daniel, Monteverdi, M Cristina, Núñez, Martín A, Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Ingrid M, Peltzer, Duane A, Potgieter, Luke J, Raymundo, Maia, Rayome, Donald, Reisman‐Berman, Orna, Richardson, David M, Roos, Ruben E, Saldaña, Asunción, Shackleton, Ross T, Torres, Agostina, Trudgen, Melinda, Urban, Josef, Vicente, Joana R, Vilà, Montserrat, Ylioja, Tiina, Zenni, Rafael D, and Godoy, Oscar

Subjects
Climate Action, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Introduced Species, Trees, biological invasions, cultural ecosystem services, exotic trees, forestry, global assessment, meta-analysis, provisioning ecosystem services, regulating ecosystem services, Biological Sciences, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Non-native tree (NNT) species have been transported worldwide to create or enhance services that are fundamental for human well-being, such as timber provision, erosion control or ornamental value; yet NNTs can also produce undesired effects, such as fire proneness or pollen allergenicity. Despite the variety of effects that NNTs have on multiple ecosystem services, a global quantitative assessment of their costs and benefits is still lacking. Such information is critical for decision-making, management and sustainable exploitation of NNTs. We present here a global assessment of NNT effects on the three main categories of ecosystem services, including regulating (RES), provisioning (PES) and cultural services (CES), and on an ecosystem disservice (EDS), i.e. pollen allergenicity. By searching the scientific literature, country forestry reports, and social media, we compiled a global data set of 1683 case studies from over 125 NNT species, covering 44 countries, all continents but Antarctica, and seven biomes. Using different meta-analysis techniques, we found that, while NNTs increase most RES (e.g. climate regulation, soil erosion control, fertility and formation), they decrease PES (e.g. NNTs contribute less than native trees to global timber provision). Also, they have different effects on CES (e.g. increase aesthetic values but decrease scientific interest), and no effect on the EDS considered. NNT effects on each ecosystem (dis)service showed a strong context dependency, varying across NNT types, biomes and socio-economic conditions. For instance, some RES are increased more by NNTs able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and when the ecosystem is located in low-latitude biomes; some CES are increased more by NNTs in less-wealthy countries or in countries with higher gross domestic products. The effects of NNTs on several ecosystem (dis)services exhibited some synergies (e.g. among soil fertility, soil formation and climate regulation or between aesthetic values and pollen allergenicity), but also trade-offs (e.g. between fire regulation and soil erosion control). Our analyses provide a quantitative understanding of the complex synergies, trade-offs and context dependencies involved for the effects of NNTs that is essential for attaining a sustained provision of ecosystem services.

Published
2019

8. ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics

Author

Rifai, Sami W, Girardin, Cécile AJ, Berenguer, Erika, del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, Dahlsjö, Cecilia AL, Doughty, Christopher E, Jeffery, Kathryn J, Moore, Sam, Oliveras, Imma, Riutta, Terhi, Rowland, Lucy M, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Addo-Danso, Shalom D, Brando, Paulo, Burton, Chad, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Duah-Gyamfi, Akwasi, Amézquita, Filio Farfán, Freitag, Renata, Pacha, Fernando Hancco, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Ibrahim, Forzia, Mbou, Armel T, Mihindou, Vianet Mihindou, Peixoto, Karine S, Rocha, Wanderley, Rossi, Liana C, Seixas, Marina, Silva-Espejo, Javier E, Abernethy, Katharine A, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barlow, Jos, da Costa, Antonio CL, Marimon, Beatriz S, Marimon-Junior, Ben H, Meir, Patrick, Metcalfe, Daniel B, Phillips, Oliver L, White, Lee JT, and Malhi, Yadvinder

Subjects
Africa, Borneo, Brazil, Droughts, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Forests, Seasons, Trees, Tropical Climate, El Nino, tropical forests, woody net primary production, drought, meteorological anomalies, El Niño, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Meteorological extreme events such as El Niño events are expected to affect tropical forest net primary production (NPP) and woody growth, but there has been no large-scale empirical validation of this expectation. We collected a large high-temporal resolution dataset (for 1-13 years depending upon location) of more than 172 000 stem growth measurements using dendrometer bands from across 14 regions spanning Amazonia, Africa and Borneo in order to test how much month-to-month variation in stand-level woody growth of adult tree stems (NPPstem) can be explained by seasonal variation and interannual meteorological anomalies. A key finding is that woody growth responds differently to meteorological variation between tropical forests with a dry season (where monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm), and aseasonal wet forests lacking a consistent dry season. In seasonal tropical forests, a high degree of variation in woody growth can be predicted from seasonal variation in temperature, vapour pressure deficit, in addition to anomalies of soil water deficit and shortwave radiation. The variation of aseasonal wet forest woody growth is best predicted by the anomalies of vapour pressure deficit, water deficit and shortwave radiation. In total, we predict the total live woody production of the global tropical forest biome to be 2.16 Pg C yr-1, with an interannual range 1.96-2.26 Pg C yr-1 between 1996-2016, and with the sharpest declines during the strong El Niño events of 1997/8 and 2015/6. There is high geographical variation in hotspots of El Niño-associated impacts, with weak impacts in Africa, and strongly negative impacts in parts of Southeast Asia and extensive regions across central and eastern Amazonia. Overall, there is high correlation (r = -0.75) between the annual anomaly of tropical forest woody growth and the annual mean of the El Niño 3.4 index, driven mainly by strong correlations with anomalies of soil water deficit, vapour pressure deficit and shortwave radiation.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.

Published
2018

9. Correction to: Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map

Author

Soininen, Eeva M., Barrio, Isabel C., Bjørkås, Ragnhild, Björnsdóttir, Katrín, Ehrich, Dorothee, Hopping, Kelly, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kolstad, Anders Lorentzen, Abdulmanova, Svetlana, Björk, Robert G., Bueno, C. Guillermo, Eischeid, Isabell, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Forbey, Jennifer Sorensen, Gignac, Charles, Gilg, Olivier, den Herder, Michael, Holm, Hildur Søndergaard, Hwang, Bernice C., Jepsen, Jane Uhd, Kamenova, Stefaniya, Kater, Ilona, Koltz, Amanda M., Kristensen, Jeppe Aagaard, Little, Chelsea J., Macek, Petr, Mathisen, Karen Marie, Metcalfe, Daniel, Mosbacher, Jesper Bruun, Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons, Park, Taejin, Propster, Jeffrey, Roberts, Aradhana, Ferron, Emmanuel Serrano, Spiegel, Marcus P., Tamayo, Mariana, Tuomi, Maria W., Verma, Megha, Vuorinen, Katariina Elsa Maria, Väisänen, Maria, Van der Wal, René, Wilcots, Megan, Yoccoz, Nigel, and Speed, James D. M.

Published
2022
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10. The Global Ecosystems Monitoring network: Monitoring ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling across the tropics

Author

Malhi, Yadvinder, Girardin, Cécile, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Doughty, Christopher E., Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., Rifai, Sami W., Oliveras, Immaculada, Shenkin, Alexander, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesus, Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L., Riutta, Terhi, Berenguer, Erika, Moore, Sam, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Salinas, Norma, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Marthews, Toby R., Meir, Patrick, and Phillips, Oliver L.

Published
2021
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11. The biological controls of soil carbon accumulation following wildfire and harvest in boreal forests: A review

Author

Gundale, Michael J., primary, Axelsson, E. Petter, additional, Buness, Vincent, additional, Callebaut, Timon, additional, DeLuca, Thomas H., additional, Hupperts, Stefan F., additional, Ibáñez, Theresa S., additional, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Nilsson, Marie‐Charlotte, additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Spitzer, Clydecia M., additional, Stangl, Zsofia R., additional, Strengbom, Joachim, additional, Sundqvist, Maja K., additional, Wardle, David A., additional, and Lindahl, Björn D., additional

Published
2024
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14. Damage to tropical forests caused by cyclones is driven by wind speed but mediated by topographical exposure and tree characteristics

Author

Ibanez, Thomas, Bauman, David, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Arsouze, Thomas, Bellingham, Peter J., Birkinshaw, Chris, Birnbaum, Philippe, Curran, Timothy J., DeWalt, Saara J., Dwyer, John, Fourcaud, Thierry, Franklin, Janet, Kohyama, Takashi, Menkes, Christophe, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Murphy, Helen, Muscarella, Robert, Plunkett, Gregory M., Sam, Chanel, Tanner, Edmund V. J., Taylor, Benton N., Thompson, Jill, Ticktin, Tamara, Tuiwawa, Marika V., Uriarte, Maria, Webb, Edward L., Zimmerman, Jess K., Keppel, Gunnar, Ibanez, Thomas, Bauman, David, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Arsouze, Thomas, Bellingham, Peter J., Birkinshaw, Chris, Birnbaum, Philippe, Curran, Timothy J., DeWalt, Saara J., Dwyer, John, Fourcaud, Thierry, Franklin, Janet, Kohyama, Takashi, Menkes, Christophe, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Murphy, Helen, Muscarella, Robert, Plunkett, Gregory M., Sam, Chanel, Tanner, Edmund V. J., Taylor, Benton N., Thompson, Jill, Ticktin, Tamara, Tuiwawa, Marika V., Uriarte, Maria, Webb, Edward L., Zimmerman, Jess K., and Keppel, Gunnar

Published
2024

15. The impact of insect herbivory on biogeochemical cycling in broadleaved forests varies with temperature

Author

Hwang, Bernice, Giardina, Christian P., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barrios-Garcia, M. Noelia, Calvo-Alvarado, Julio C., Dargie, Greta C., Diao, Haoyu, Duboscq-Carra, Virginia G., Hemp, Andreas, Hemp, Claudia, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Ivanov, Aleksandr V., Johnson, Nels G., Kuijper, Dries P. J., Lewis, Simon L., Lobos-Catalán, Paulina, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Mumladze, Levan, Ngute, Alain Senghor K., Palma, Ana C., Petritan, Ion Catalin, Rordriguez-Cabal, Mariano A., Suspense, Ifo A., Zagidullina, Asiia, Andersson, Tommi, Galiano-Cabrera, Darcy F., Jiménez-Castillo, Mylthon, Churski, Marcin, Gage, Shelley A., Filippova, Nina, Francisco, Kainana S., Gaglianese-Woody, Morgan, Iankoshvili, Giorgi, Kaswamila, Mgeta Adidas, Lyatuu, Herman, Mampouya Wenina, Y.E., Materu, Brayan, Mbemba, M., Moritz, Ruslan, Orang, Karma, Plyusnin, Sergey, Puma Vilca, Beisit L., Rodríguez-Solís, Maria, Šamonil, Pavel, Stępniak, Kinga M., Walsh, Seana K., Xu, Han, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Hwang, Bernice, Giardina, Christian P., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barrios-Garcia, M. Noelia, Calvo-Alvarado, Julio C., Dargie, Greta C., Diao, Haoyu, Duboscq-Carra, Virginia G., Hemp, Andreas, Hemp, Claudia, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Ivanov, Aleksandr V., Johnson, Nels G., Kuijper, Dries P. J., Lewis, Simon L., Lobos-Catalán, Paulina, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Mumladze, Levan, Ngute, Alain Senghor K., Palma, Ana C., Petritan, Ion Catalin, Rordriguez-Cabal, Mariano A., Suspense, Ifo A., Zagidullina, Asiia, Andersson, Tommi, Galiano-Cabrera, Darcy F., Jiménez-Castillo, Mylthon, Churski, Marcin, Gage, Shelley A., Filippova, Nina, Francisco, Kainana S., Gaglianese-Woody, Morgan, Iankoshvili, Giorgi, Kaswamila, Mgeta Adidas, Lyatuu, Herman, Mampouya Wenina, Y.E., Materu, Brayan, Mbemba, M., Moritz, Ruslan, Orang, Karma, Plyusnin, Sergey, Puma Vilca, Beisit L., Rodríguez-Solís, Maria, Šamonil, Pavel, Stępniak, Kinga M., Walsh, Seana K., Xu, Han, and Metcalfe, Daniel B.

Abstract

Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within forests, but the magnitude of these impacts, their global variation, and drivers of this variation remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and help improve biogeochemical models, we established a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests. We analyzed freshly senesced and green leaves for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silica concentrations, foliar production and herbivory, and stand-level nutrient fluxes. We show more nutrient release by insect herbivores at non-outbreak levels in tropical forests than temperate and boreal forests, that these fluxes increase strongly with mean annual temperature, and that they exceed atmospheric deposition inputs in some localities. Thus, background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to both alter ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling. Further, climate can affect interactions between natural populations of plants and herbivores with important consequences for global biogeochemical cycles across broadleaved forests.

Published
2024
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16. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Zuo, Xiaoan, Smith, Melinda D., Metcalfe, Daniel B., and Zuo, Xiaoan

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events-the most common duration of drought-globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function-aboveground net primary production (ANPP)-was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024
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17. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, and Alon, Moshe

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

18. The biological controls of soil carbon accumulation following wildfire and harvest in boreal forests : a review

Author

Gundale, Michael J., Axelsson, E. Petter, Buness, Vincent, Callebaut, Timon, DeLuca, Thomas H., Hupperts, Stefan F., Ibáñez, Theresa S., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte, Peichl, Matthias, Spitzer, Clydecia M., Stangl, Zsofia R., Strengbom, Joachim, Sundqvist, Maja K., Wardle, David A., Lindahl, Björn D., Gundale, Michael J., Axelsson, E. Petter, Buness, Vincent, Callebaut, Timon, DeLuca, Thomas H., Hupperts, Stefan F., Ibáñez, Theresa S., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte, Peichl, Matthias, Spitzer, Clydecia M., Stangl, Zsofia R., Strengbom, Joachim, Sundqvist, Maja K., Wardle, David A., and Lindahl, Björn D.

Abstract

Boreal forests are frequently subjected to disturbances, including wildfire and clear-cutting. While these disturbances can cause soil carbon (C) losses, the long-term accumulation dynamics of soil C stocks during subsequent stand development is controlled by biological processes related to the balance of net primary production (NPP) and outputs via heterotrophic respiration and leaching, many of which remain poorly understood. We review the biological processes suggested to influence soil C accumulation in boreal forests. Our review indicates that median C accumulation rates following wildfire and clear-cutting are similar (0.15 and 0.20 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively), however, variation between studies is extremely high. Further, while many individual studies show linear increases in soil C stocks through time after disturbance, there are indications that C stock recovery is fastest early to mid-succession (e.g. 15–80 years) and then slows as forests mature (e.g. >100 years). We indicate that the rapid build-up of soil C in younger stands appears not only driven by higher plant production, but also by a high rate of mycorrhizal hyphal production, and mycorrhizal suppression of saprotrophs. As stands mature, the balance between reductions in plant and mycorrhizal production, increasing plant litter recalcitrance, and ectomycorrhizal decomposers and saprotrophs have been highlighted as key controls on soil C accumulation rates. While some of these controls appear well understood (e.g. temporal patterns in NPP, changes in aboveground litter quality), many others remain research frontiers. Notably, very little data exists describing and comparing successional patterns of root production, mycorrhizal functional traits, mycorrhizal-saprotroph interactions, or C outputs via heterotrophic respiration and dissolved organic C following different disturbances. We argue that these less frequently described controls require attention, as they will be key not only for underst

Published
2024
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19. The complex polyploid genome architecture of sugarcane

Author

Healey, Adam, Garsmeur, Olivier, Lovell, John, Shengquiang, S., Sreedasyam, Avinash, Jenkins, Jerry, Plott, C.B., Piperidis, George, Pompidor, Nicolas, Llaca, V., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Dolezel, Jaroslav, Cápal, P., Carlson, J.E., Hoarau, Jean-Yves, Hervouet, Catherine, Zini, Cyrille, Diévart, Anne, Lipzen, Anna, Williams, M., Boston, L.B., Webber, J., Keymanesh, K., Tejomurthula, S., Rajasekar, S., Suchecki, R., Furtado, Agnelo, May, G., Parakkal, P., Simmons, B.A., Barry, K., Henry, Robert, Grimwood, Jane, Aitken, Karen S., Schmutz, J., D'Hont, Angélique, Healey, Adam, Garsmeur, Olivier, Lovell, John, Shengquiang, S., Sreedasyam, Avinash, Jenkins, Jerry, Plott, C.B., Piperidis, George, Pompidor, Nicolas, Llaca, V., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Dolezel, Jaroslav, Cápal, P., Carlson, J.E., Hoarau, Jean-Yves, Hervouet, Catherine, Zini, Cyrille, Diévart, Anne, Lipzen, Anna, Williams, M., Boston, L.B., Webber, J., Keymanesh, K., Tejomurthula, S., Rajasekar, S., Suchecki, R., Furtado, Agnelo, May, G., Parakkal, P., Simmons, B.A., Barry, K., Henry, Robert, Grimwood, Jane, Aitken, Karen S., Schmutz, J., and D'Hont, Angélique

Abstract

Sugarcane, the world's most harvested crop by tonnage, has shaped global history, trade and geopolitics, and is currently responsible for 80% of sugar production worldwide1. While traditional sugarcane breeding methods have effectively generated cultivars adapted to new environments and pathogens, sugar yield improvements have recently plateaued2. The cessation of yield gains may be due to limited genetic diversity within breeding populations, long breeding cycles and the complexity of its genome, the latter preventing breeders from taking advantage of the recent explosion of whole-genome sequencing that has benefited many other crops. Thus, modern sugarcane hybrids are the last remaining major crop without a reference-quality genome. Here we take a major step towards advancing sugarcane biotechnology by generating a polyploid reference genome for R570, a typical modern cultivar derived from interspecific hybridization between the domesticated species (Saccharum officinarum) and the wild species (Saccharum spontaneum). In contrast to the existing single haplotype ('monoploid') representation of R570, our 8.7 billion base assembly contains a complete representation of unique DNA sequences across the approximately 12 chromosome copies in this polyploid genome. Using this highly contiguous genome assembly, we filled a previously unsized gap within an R570 physical genetic map to describe the likely causal genes underlying the single-copy Bru1 brown rust resistance locus. This polyploid genome assembly with fine-grain descriptions of genome architecture and molecular targets for biotechnology will help accelerate molecular and transgenic breeding and adaptation of sugarcane to future environmental conditions.

Published
2024

20. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, JW Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L, Bellingham, Peter J, van den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q, Hockemba, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo LM, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K, Chazdon, Robin L, Clark, Connie, Clark, David B, Clark, Deborah A, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S, Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl AO, Eisenlohr, Pedro V, Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J, Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, de Oliveira Filho, Ary T, Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean-François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M, Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A, Joly, Carlos A, de Jong, Bernardus HJ, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F, Lawes, Michael J, do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letcher, Susan G, Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H, Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe PL, Metcalfe, Daniel J, Medjibe, Vincent P, Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D, Montero, Juan C, de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, and Ochoa-Gaona, Susana

Subjects
Life Below Water, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Databases, Factual, Ecosystem, Forests, Phylogeography, Rainforest, Species Specificity, Statistics, Nonparametric, Trees, Tropical Climate, diversity estimation, Fisher's log series, pantropical, spatial richness patterns, tropical tree species richness, Fisher’s log series
Abstract

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼ 40,000 and ∼ 53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼ 19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼ 4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.

Published
2015

21. Multispecies design

Author

Metcalfe, Daniel J.

Subjects
745.4, Ecology, Design Practice
Abstract

The devastating effects that unsustainable design practices have on the natural world and other species with whom we share this planet have gained widespread awareness and are the driving force behind attempts to develop more sustainable design approaches. These efforts tend to focus on minimising the negative effects that design has on the natural world by reduced material and energy usage. However, the possibility that design may have an active role in mitigating the erosion of biodiversity has only entered the discussion in recent years and remains a marginal activity for design. Following an ongoing paradigm shift calling for the inclusion of a greater diversity of wild animals within human-dominated habitats (as a way of addressing both the erosion of biodiversity and humankind’s alienation from nature), this research proposes that there is a growing need for a design practice capable of responding to the needs of wild animals, while addressing questions of human-animal interaction. In this thesis, Multispecies Design is proposed and developed as a theoretical framework for supporting the shift to more biodiverse human habitats. The research addresses both the physical and socio-cultural requirements of such a shift. Three distinct views define this emerging design approach: recognising animals as clients of design, recognising human-animal interactions as designed experiences and the view of manmade systems as further extensions of ecological systems. The methodological implications of Multispecies Design have been explored in a case study design project concerned with the ecological enhancement of a coastal outfall pipe on a highly frequented beach in Cornwall, UK. The case study explored ways of designing to address the needs of both people and of wild animal species, as well as the interactions between the two groups. It focused on identifying and developing design approaches and tools for studying and representing wild animals in design projects to facilitate their integration into built environments. These tools were further refined in a series of workshops with design and art students carried out during the PhD research. The insights from the practical work, together with the theoretical framework developed alongside them, have led to the development of Principles of Multispecies Design and practical and conceptual Tools for Multispecies Design.

Published
2015

22. AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora

Author

Falster, Daniel, Gallagher, Rachael, Wenk, Elizabeth H., Wright, Ian J., Indiarto, Dony, Andrew, Samuel C., Baxter, Caitlan, Lawson, James, Allen, Stuart, Fuchs, Anne, Monro, Anna, Kar, Fonti, Adams, Mark A., Ahrens, Collin W., Alfonzetti, Matthew, Angevin, Tara, Apgaua, Deborah M. G., Arndt, Stefan, Atkin, Owen K., Atkinson, Joe, Auld, Tony, Baker, Andrew, von Balthazar, Maria, Bean, Anthony, Blackman, Chris J., Bloomfield, Keith, Bowman, David M. J. S., Bragg, Jason, Brodribb, Timothy J., Buckton, Genevieve, Burrows, Geoff, Caldwell, Elizabeth, Camac, James, Carpenter, Raymond, Catford, Jane A., Cawthray, Gregory R., Cernusak, Lucas A., Chandler, Gregory, Chapman, Alex R., Cheal, David, Cheesman, Alexander W., Chen, Si-Chong, Choat, Brendan, Clinton, Brook, Clode, Peta L., Coleman, Helen, Cornwell, William K., Cosgrove, Meredith, Crisp, Michael, Cross, Erika, Crous, Kristine Y., Cunningham, Saul, Curran, Timothy, Curtis, Ellen, Daws, Matthew I., DeGabriel, Jane L., Denton, Matthew D., Dong, Ning, Du, Pengzhen, Duan, Honglang, Duncan, David H., Duncan, Richard P., Duretto, Marco, Dwyer, John M., Edwards, Cheryl, Esperon-Rodriguez, Manuel, Evans, John R., Everingham, Susan E., Farrell, Claire, Firn, Jennifer, Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, French, Ben J., Frood, Doug, Funk, Jennifer L., Geange, Sonya R., Ghannoum, Oula, Gleason, Sean M., Gosper, Carl R., Gray, Emma, Groom, Philip K., Grootemaat, Saskia, Gross, Caroline, Guerin, Greg, Guja, Lydia, Hahs, Amy K., Harrison, Matthew Tom, Hayes, Patrick E., Henery, Martin, Hochuli, Dieter, Howell, Jocelyn, Huang, Guomin, Hughes, Lesley, Huisman, John, Ilic, Jugoslav, Jagdish, Ashika, Jin, Daniel, Jordan, Gregory, Jurado, Enrique, Kanowski, John, Kasel, Sabine, Kellermann, Jürgen, Kenny, Belinda, Kohout, Michele, Kooyman, Robert M., Kotowska, Martyna M., Lai, Hao Ran, Laliberté, Etienne, Lambers, Hans, Lamont, Byron B., Lanfear, Robert, van Langevelde, Frank, Laughlin, Daniel C., Laugier-Kitchener, Bree-Anne, Laurance, Susan, Lehmann, Caroline E. R., Leigh, Andrea, Leishman, Michelle R., Lenz, Tanja, Lepschi, Brendan, Lewis, James D., Lim, Felix, Liu, Udayangani, Lord, Janice, Lusk, Christopher H., Macinnis-Ng, Cate, McPherson, Hannah, Magallón, Susana, Manea, Anthony, López-Martinez, Andrea, Mayfield, Margaret, McCarthy, James K., Meers, Trevor, van der Merwe, Marlien, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Milberg, Per, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T., Moore, Ben D., Moore, Nicholas, Morgan, John W., Morris, William, Muir, Annette, Munroe, Samantha, Nicholson, Áine, Nicolle, Dean, Nicotra, Adrienne B., Niinemets, Ülo, North, Tom, O’Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, O’Sullivan, Odhran S., Oberle, Brad, Onoda, Yusuke, Ooi, Mark K. J., Osborne, Colin P., Paczkowska, Grazyna, Pekin, Burak, Guilherme Pereira, Caio, Pickering, Catherine, Pickup, Melinda, Pollock, Laura J., Poot, Pieter, Powell, Jeff R., Power, Sally A., Prentice, Iain Colin, Prior, Lynda, Prober, Suzanne M., Read, Jennifer, Reynolds, Victoria, Richards, Anna E., Richardson, Ben, Roderick, Michael L., Rosell, Julieta A., Rossetto, Maurizio, Rye, Barbara, Rymer, Paul D., Sams, Michael A., Sanson, Gordon, Sauquet, Hervé, Schmidt, Susanne, Schönenberger, Jürg, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Sendall, Kerrie, Sinclair, Steve, Smith, Benjamin, Smith, Renee, Soper, Fiona, Sparrow, Ben, Standish, Rachel J., Staples, Timothy L., Stephens, Ruby, Szota, Christopher, Taseski, Guy, Tasker, Elizabeth, Thomas, Freya, Tissue, David T., Tjoelker, Mark G., Tng, David Yue Phin, de Tombeur, Félix, Tomlinson, Kyle, Turner, Neil C., Veneklaas, Erik J., Venn, Susanna, Vesk, Peter, Vlasveld, Carolyn, Vorontsova, Maria S., Warren, Charles A., Warwick, Nigel, Weerasinghe, Lasantha K., Wells, Jessie, Westoby, Mark, White, Matthew, Williams, Nicholas S. G., Wills, Jarrah, Wilson, Peter G., Yates, Colin, Zanne, Amy E., Zemunik, Graham, and Ziemińska, Kasia

Published
2021
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23. Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map

Author

Soininen, Eeva M., Barrio, Isabel C., Bjørkås, Ragnhild, Björnsdóttir, Katrín, Ehrich, Dorothee, Hopping, Kelly, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kolstad, Anders Lorentzen, Abdulmanova, Svetlana, Björk, Robert G., Bueno, C. Guillermo, Eischeid, Isabell, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Forbey, Jennifer Sorensen, Gignac, Charles, Gilg, Olivier, den Herder, Michael, Holm, Hildur Søndergaard, Hwang, Bernice C., Jepsen, Jane Uhd, Kamenova, Stefaniya, Kater, Ilona, Koltz, Amanda M., Kristensen, Jeppe Aagaard, Little, Chelsea J., Macek, Petr, Mathisen, Karen Marie, Metcalfe, Daniel, Mosbacher, Jesper Bruun, Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons, Park, Taejin, Propster, Jeffrey, Roberts, Aradhana, Ferron, Emmanuel Serrano, Spiegel, Marcus P., Tamayo, Mariana, Tuomi, Maria W., Verma, Megha, Vuorinen, Katariina Elsa Maria, Väisänen, Maria, Van der Wal, René, Wilcots, Megan, Yoccoz, Nigel, and Speed, James D. M.

Published
2021
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24. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., primary, Wilkins, Kate D., additional, Holdrege, Martin C., additional, Wilfahrt, Peter, additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Knapp, Alan K., additional, Sala, Osvaldo E., additional, Dukes, Jeffrey S., additional, Phillips, Richard P., additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, Gherardi, Laureano A., additional, Ohlert, Timothy, additional, Beier, Claus, additional, Fraser, Lauchlan H., additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Loik, Michael E., additional, Maestre, Fernando T., additional, Power, Sally A., additional, Yu, Qiang, additional, Felton, Andrew J., additional, Munson, Seth M., additional, Luo, Yiqi, additional, Abdoli, Hamed, additional, Abedi, Mehdi, additional, Alados, Concepción L., additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Alon, Moshe, additional, An, Hui, additional, Anacker, Brian, additional, Anderson, Maggie, additional, Auge, Harald, additional, Bachle, Seton, additional, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Batbaatar, Amgaa, additional, Bauerle, Taryn, additional, Beard, Karen H., additional, Behn, Kai, additional, Beil, Ilka, additional, Biancari, Lucio, additional, Blindow, Irmgard, additional, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Bork, Edward W., additional, Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, additional, Byrne, Kerry M., additional, Cahill Jr., James F., additional, Calvo, Dianela A., additional, Carbognani, Michele, additional, Cardoni, Augusto, additional, Carlyle, Cameron N., additional, Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, additional, Chang, Scott X., additional, Chieppa, Jeff, additional, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., additional, Cohen, Ofer, additional, Cordeiro, Amanda L., additional, Cusack, Daniela F., additional, Dahlke, Sven, additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, D'Antonio, Carla M., additional, Dietterich, Lee H., additional, S. Doherty, Tim, additional, Dubbert, Maren, additional, Ebeling, Anne, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Fischer, Felícia M., additional, Forte, T'ai G. W., additional, Gebauer, Tobias, additional, Gozalo, Beatriz, additional, Greenville, Aaron C., additional, Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., additional, Hannusch, Heather J., additional, Vatsø Haugum, Siri, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Hefting, Mariet, additional, Henry, Hugh A. L., additional, Hoss, Daniela, additional, Ingrisch, Johannes, additional, Iribarne, Oscar, additional, Isbell, Forest, additional, Johnson, Yari, additional, Jordan, Samuel, additional, Kelly, Eugene F., additional, Kimmel, Kaitlin, additional, Kreyling, Juergen, additional, Kröel-Dulay, György, additional, Kröpfl, Alicia, additional, Kübert, Angelika, additional, Kulmatiski, Andrew, additional, Lamb, Eric G., additional, Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, additional, Larson, Julie, additional, Lawson, Jason, additional, Leder, Cintia V., additional, Linstädter, Anja, additional, Liu, Jielin, additional, Liu, Shirong, additional, Lodge, Alexandra G., additional, Longo, Grisel, additional, Loydi, Alejandro, additional, Luan, Junwei, additional, Curtis Lubbe, Frederick, additional, Macfarlane, Craig, additional, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, additional, Malyshev, Andrey V., additional, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, additional, Merchant, Thomas, additional, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Mori, Akira S., additional, Mudongo, Edwin, additional, Newman, Gregory S., additional, Nielsen, Uffe N., additional, Nimmo, Dale, additional, Niu, Yujie, additional, Nobre, Paola, additional, O'Connor, Rory C., additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Oñatibia, Gastón R., additional, Orbán, Ildikó, additional, Osborne, Brooke, additional, Otfinowski, Rafael, additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Peter, Guadalupe, additional, Petraglia, Alessandro, additional, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, additional, Pillar, Valério D., additional, Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, additional, Ploughe, Laura W., additional, Plowes, Robert M., additional, Portales-Reyes, Cristy, additional, Prober, Suzanne M., additional, Pueyo, Yolanda, additional, Reed, Sasha C., additional, Ritchie, Euan G., additional, Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, additional, Rogers, William E., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Sánchez, Ana M., additional, Santos, Bráulio A., additional, Cecilia Scarfó, María, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Shi, Baoku, additional, Souza, Lara, additional, Stampfli, Andreas, additional, Standish, Rachel J., additional, Sternberg, Marcelo, additional, Sun, Wei, additional, Sünnemann, Marie, additional, Tedder, Michelle, additional, Thorvaldsen, Pål, additional, Tian, Dashuan, additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Valdecantos, Alejandro, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., additional, Guri Velle, Liv, additional, Wang, Changhui, additional, Wang, Yi, additional, Wardle, Glenda M., additional, Werner, Christiane, additional, Wei, Cunzheng, additional, Wiehl, Georg, additional, Williams, Jennifer L., additional, Wolf, Amelia A., additional, Zeiter, Michaela, additional, Zhang, Fawei, additional, Zhu, Juntao, additional, Zong, Ning, additional, and Zuo, Xiaoan, additional

Published
2024
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26. ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics

Author

Rifai, Sami W., Girardin, Cécile A. J., Berenguer, Erika, del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, Dahlsjö, Cecilia A. L., Doughty, Christopher E., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Moore, Sam, Oliveras, Imma, Riutta, Terhi, Rowland, Lucy M., Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Addo-Danso, Shalom D., Brando, Paulo, Burton, Chad, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Duah-Gyamfi, Akwasi, Amézquita, Filio Farfán, Freitag, Renata, Pacha, Fernando Hancco, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Ibrahim, Forzia, Mbou, Armel T., Mihindou, Vianet Mihindou, Peixoto, Karine S., Rocha, Wanderley, Rossi, Liana C., Seixas, Marina, Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Abernethy, Katharine A., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barlow, Jos, da Costa, Antonio C. L., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Meir, Patrick, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Phillips, Oliver L., White, Lee J. T., and Malhi, Yadvinder

Published
2018

27. BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene

Author

Dornelas, Maria, Antão, Laura H., Moyes, Faye, Bates, Amanda E., Magurran, Anne E., Adam, Dušan, Akhmetzhanova, Asem A., Appeltans, Ward, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnold, Haley, Ayyappan, Narayanan, Badihi, Gal, Baird, Andrew H., Barbosa, Miguel, Barreto, Tiago Egydio, Bässler, Claus, Bellgrove, Alecia, Belmaker, Jonathan, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bett, Brian J., Bjorkman, Anne D., Błazewicz, Magdalena, Blowes, Shane A., Bloch, Christopher P., Bonebrake, Timothy C., Boyd, Susan, Bradford, Matt, Brooks, Andrew J., Brown, James H., Bruelheide, Helge, Budy, Phaedra, Carvalho, Fernando, Castañeda-Moya, Edward, Chen, Chaolun Allen, Chamblee, John F., Chase, Tory J., Collier, Laura Siegwart, Collinge, Sharon K., Condit, Richard, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Cotano, Unai, Crow, Shannan Kyle, Damasceno, Gabriella, Davies, Claire H., Davis, Robert A., Day, Frank P., Degraer, Steven, Doherty, Tim S., Dunn, Timothy E., Durigan, Giselda, Duffy, J. Emmett, Edelist, Dor, Edgar, Graham J., Elahi, Robin, Elmendorf, Sarah C., Enemar, Anders, Ernest, S. K. Morgan, Escribano, Rubén, Estiarte, Marc, Evans, Brian S., Fan, Tung-Yung, Farah, Fabiano Turini, Fernandes, Luiz Loureiro, Farneda, Fábio Z., Fidelis, Alessandra, Fitt, Robert, Fosaa, Anna Maria, Franco, Geraldo Antonio Daher Correa, Frank, Grace E., Fraser, William R., García, Hernando, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Givan, Or, Gorgone-Barbosa, Elizabeth, Gould, William A., Gries, Corinna, Grossman, Gary D., Gutierréz, Julio R., Hale, Stephen, Harmon, Mark E., Harte, John, Haskins, Gary, Henshaw, Donald L., Hermanutz, Luise, Hidalgo, Pamela, Higuchi, Pedro, Hoey, Andrew, Van Hoey, Gert, Hofgaard, Annika, Holeck, Kristen, Hollister, Robert D., Holmes, Richard, Hoogenboom, Mia, Hsieh, Chih-hao, Hubbell, Stephen P., Huettmann, Falk, Huffard, Christine L., Hurlbert, Allen H., Ivanauskas, Natália Macedo, Janík, David, Jandt, Ute, Jazdzewska, Anna, Johannessen, Tore, Johnstone, Jill, Jones, Julia, Jones, Faith A. M., Kang, Jungwon, Kartawijaya, Tasrif, Keeley, Erin C., Kelt, Douglas A., Kinnear, Rebecca, Klanderud, Kari, Knutsen, Halvor, Koenig, Christopher C., Kortz, Alessandra R., Král, Kamil, Kuhnz, Linda A., Kuo, Chao-Yang, Kushner, David J., Laguionie-Marchais, Claire, Lancaster, Lesley T., Lee, Cheol Min, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Lévesque, Esther, Lightfoot, David, Lloret, Francisco, Lloyd, John D., López-Baucells, Adrià, Louzao, Maite, Madin, Joshua S., Magnússon, Borgþór, Malamud, Shahar, Matthews, Iain, McFarland, Kent P., McGill, Brian, McKnight, Diane, McLarney, William O., Meador, Jason, Meserve, Peter L., Metcalfe, Daniel J., Meyer, Christoph F. J., Michelsen, Anders, Milchakova, Nataliya, Moens, Tom, Moland, Even, Moore, Jon, Moreira, Carolina Mathias, Müller, Jörg, Murphy, Grace, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Myster, Randall W., Naumov, Andrew, Neat, Francis, Nelson, James A., Nelson, Michael Paul, Newton, Stephen F., Norden, Natalia, Oliver, Jeffrey C., Olsen, Esben M., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Pabis, Krzysztof, Pabst, Robert J., Paquette, Alain, Pardede, Sinta, Paterson, David M., Pélissier, Raphaël, Peñuelas, Josep, Pérez-Matus, Alejandro, Pizarro, Oscar, Pomati, Francesco, Post, Eric, Prins, Herbert H. T., Priscu, John C., Provoost, Pieter, Prudic, Kathleen L., Pulliainen, Erkki, Ramesh, B. R., Ramos, Olivia Mendivil, Rassweiler, Andrew, Remillard, Suzanne M., Richardson, Anthony J., Richardson, J. Paul, van Rijn, Itai, Rocha, Ricardo, Rivera-Monroy, Victor H., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Kevin P., Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, Denise, Rudstam, Lars, Ruhl, Henry, Ruz, Catalina S., Sampaio, Erica M., Rybicki, Nancy, Rypel, Andrew, Sal, Sofia, Salgado, Beatriz, Santos, Flavio A. M., Savassi-Coutinho, Ana Paula, Scanga, Sara, Schmidt, Jochen, Schooley, Robert, Setiawan, Fakhrizal, Shao, Kwang-Tsao, Shaver, Gaius R., Sherman, Sally, Sherry, Thomas W., Siciński, Jacek, Sievers, Caya, da Silva, Ana Carolina, da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues, Silveira, Fabio L., Slingsby, Jasper, Smart, Tracey, Snell, Sara J., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Gabriel B. G., Souza, Flaviana Maluf, Souza, Vinícius Castro, Stallings, Christopher D., Stanforth, Rowan, Stanley, Emily H., Sterza, José Mauro, Stevens, Maarten, Stuart-Smith, Rick, Suarez, Yzel Rondon, Supp, Sarah, Tamashiro, Jorge Yoshio, Tarigan, Sukmaraharja, Thiede, Gary P., Thorn, Simon, Tolvanen, Anne, Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani, Totland, Ørjan, Twilley, Robert R., Vaitkus, Gediminas, Valdivia, Nelson, Vallejo, Martha Isabel, Valone, Thomas J., Van Colen, Carl, Vanaverbeke, Jan, Venturoli, Fabio, Verheye, Hans M., Vianna, Marcelo, Vieira, Rui P., Vrška, Tomáš, Vu, Con Quang, Van Vu, Lien, Waide, Robert B., Waldock, Conor, Watts, Dave, Webb, Sara, Wesołowski, Tomasz, White, Ethan P., Widdicombe, Claire E., Wilgers, Dustin, Williams, Richard, Williams, Stefan B., Williamson, Mark, Willig, Michael R., Willis, Trevor J., Wipf, Sonja, Woods, Kerry D., Woehler, Eric J., Zawada, Kyle, and Zettler, Michael L.

Published
2018

31. Understanding the effects of drought upon carbon allocation and cycling in an Amazonian rain forest

Author

Metcalfe, Daniel Benjamin, Meir, Patrick, and Williams, Mathew

Subjects
577.34, Amazon rain forest, drought, deforestation, root characteristics, below-ground carbon cycle, canopy dynamics, carbon cycling
Abstract

The Amazon rain forest plays an important role in regional and global biogeochemical cycling, but the region may undergo an increase in the frequency and severity of drought conditions driven by global climate change, regional deforestation and fire. The effects of this drought on carbon cycling in the Amazon, particularly below-ground, are potentially large but remain poorly understood. This thesis examines the impacts of seasonal and longer-term drought upon ecosystem carbon allocation and cycling at an Amazon rain forest site with a particular focus upon below-ground processes. Measurements are made at three one-hectare forest plots with contrasting soil type and vegetation structure, to observe responses across a range of Amazon primary forest types. A fourth plot is subjected to partial rainfall exclusion to permit measurement of forest responses to a wider range of soil moisture levels than currently exists naturally. An analysis of the number of samples required to accurately quantify important ecosystem carbon stocks and fluxes is used to guide the sampling strategy at the field site. Quantifying root dynamics, in particular, presents methodological challenges. Thus, I critically review existing methods, and develop techniques to accurately measure root standing biomass and production. Subsequently, these techniques are used to record root responses, in terms of standing biomass, production, morphology, turnover and nutrient content, to variation in soil moisture across the four rain forest plots. There is substantial environmental variation in root characteristics. However, several responses remain consistent across plots: root production of biomass, length, and surface area, is lower where soil is dry, while root length and surface area per unit mass show the opposite pattern. The other major component of the below-ground carbon cycle is soil carbon dioxide efflux. I partition this efflux, on each plot, into contributions from organic ground surface litter, roots and soil organic matter, and investigate abiotic and biotic causes for observed differences within and between plots. On average, the percentage contribution of soil organic matter respiration to total soil carbon dioxide efflux declines during the dry season, while root respiration contribution displays the opposite trend. However, spatial patterns in soil respiration are not directly attributable to variation in either soil moisture or temperature. Instead, ground surface organic litter mass and root mass account for 44 % of observed spatial heterogeneity in soil carbon dioxide efflux. Finally, information on below-ground carbon cycling is combined with aboveround data, of canopy dynamics and stem wood production and mortality, to analyze the potential effects of drought upon carbon cycling in an Amazon forest ecosystem. Comparison of the rainfall exclusion plot with a similar, but unmodified, control plot reveals potentially important differences in tree carbon allocation, mortality, reproduction, soil respiration and root dynamics. The apparent net consequence of these changes is that, under drier conditions, the amount of CO2 moving out of the forest and into the atmosphere is diminished. This synthesis of above-ground and below-ground data advances understanding of carbon cycling in rain forests, and provides information which should allow more accurate modelling of the response of the Amazon region to future drought. Additional measurements at other sites, and of other ecosystem carbon fluxes, should further refine modelling predictions.

Published
2007

36. Patchy field sampling biases understanding of climate change impacts across the Arctic

Author

Metcalfe, Daniel B., Hermans, Thirze D. G., Ahlstrand, Jenny, Becker, Michael, Berggren, Martin, Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Blok, Daan, Chaudhary, Nitin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Classen, Aimée T., Hasselquist, Niles J., Jonsson, Micael, Kristensen, Jeppe A., Kumordzi, Bright B., Lee, Hanna, Mayor, Jordan R., Prevéy, Janet, Pantazatou, Karolina, Rousk, Johannes, Sponseller, Ryan A., Sundqvist, Maja K., Tang, Jing, Uddling, Johan, Wallin, Göran, Zhang, Wenxin, Ahlström, Anders, Tenenbaum, David E., and Abdi, Abdulhakim M.

Published
2018
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39. Climate and forest properties explain wildfire impact on microbial community and nutrient mobilization in boreal soil

Author

Eckdahl, Johan A., Kristensen, Jeppe A., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Eckdahl, Johan A., Kristensen, Jeppe A., and Metcalfe, Daniel B.

Abstract

The boreal landscape stores an estimated 40% of the earth's carbon (C) found in terrestrial vegetation and soils, with a large portion collected in thick organic soil layers. These ground stores are subject to substantial removals due to the centurial return of wildfire, which has strong impacts on the soil microbial community and nutrient cycling, which in turn can control ecosystem recovery patterns and process rates, such as C turnover. Currently, predictive knowledge used in assessing fire impacts is largely focused on ecosystems that experience only superficial burning and few robust observations exist regarding the effect that smoldering combustion in deeper active soil layers has on post-fire soil activity. This study provided a highly replicated and regionally extensive survey of wildfire impact on microbial community structure (using fatty acid biomarkers) and nutrient cycling (using in situ ionic resin capsules) across broad gradients of climate, forest properties and fire conditions within 50 separate burn scars and 50 additional matched unburnt boreal forest soils. The results suggest a strong metabolic shift in burnt soils due to heat impact on their structure and a decoupling from aboveground processes, releasing ecosystem N limitation and increasing mobilization of N, P, K, and S as excess in conjunction with an altered, C-starved microbial community structure and reduced root uptake due to vegetation mortality. An additional observed climatic control over burnt soil properties has implications for altered boreal forest function in future climate and fire regimes deserving of further attention.

Published
2023
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40. Temperature and tree size explain the mean time to fall of dead standing trees across large scales

Author

Gärtner, Antje, Jönsson, Anna Maria, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Pugh, Thomas A. M., Tagesson, Torbern, Ahlström, Anders, Gärtner, Antje, Jönsson, Anna Maria, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Pugh, Thomas A. M., Tagesson, Torbern, and Ahlström, Anders

Abstract

Dead standing trees (DSTs) generally decompose slower than wood in contact with the forest floor. In many regions, DSTs are being created at an increasing rate due to accelerating tree mortality caused by climate change. Therefore, factors determining DST fall are crucial for predicting dead wood turnover time but remain poorly constrained. Here, we conduct a re-analysis of published DST fall data to provide standardized information on the mean time to fall (MTF) of DSTs across biomes. We used multiple linear regression to test covariates considered important for DST fall, while controlling for mortality and management effects. DSTs of species killed by fire, insects and other causes stood on average for 48, 13 and 19 years, but MTF calculations were sensitive to how tree size was accounted for. Species’ MTFs differed significantly between DSTs killed by fire and other causes, between coniferous and broadleaved plant functional types (PFTs) and between managed and unmanaged sites, but management did not explain MTFs when we distinguished by mortality cause. Mean annual temperature (MAT) negatively affected MTFs, whereas larger tree size or being coniferous caused DSTs to stand longer. The most important explanatory variables were MAT and tree size, with minor contributions of management and plant functional type depending on mortality cause. Our results provide a basis to improve the representation of dead wood decomposition in carbon cycle assessments.

Published
2023
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41. Do nitrogen and phosphorus additions affect nitrogen fixation associated with tropical mosses?

Author

Avila Clasen, Lina, Permin, Aya, Horwath, Aline B., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Rousk, Kathrin, Avila Clasen, Lina, Permin, Aya, Horwath, Aline B., Metcalfe, Daniel B., and Rousk, Kathrin

Abstract

Tropical cloud forests are characterized by abundant and biodiverse mosses which grow epiphytically as well as on the ground. Nitrogen (N)-fixing cyanobacteria live in association with most mosses, and contribute greatly to the N pool via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). However, the availability of nutrients, especially N and phosphorus (P), can influence BNF rates drastically. To evaluate the effects of increased N and P availability on BNF in mosses, we conducted a laboratory experiment where we added N and P, in isolation and combined, to three mosses (Campylopus sp., Dicranum sp. and Thuidium peruvianum) collected from a cloud forest in Peru. Our results show that N addition almost completely inhibited BNF within a day, whereas P addition caused variable results across moss species. Low N2 fixation rates were observed in Campylopus sp. across the experiment. BNF in Dicranum sp. was decreased by all nutrients, while P additions seemed to promote BNF in T. peruvianum. Hence, each of the three mosses contributes distinctively to the ecosystem N pool depending on nutrient availability. Moreover, increased N input will likely significantly decrease BNF associated with mosses also in tropical cloud forests, thereby limiting N input to these ecosystems via the moss-cyanobacteria pathway.

Published
2023
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