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This book explores ways in which common metaphors can play a detrimental role in everyday life; how they can grow in outsized importance to dominate their respective terrains and push out alternative perspectives; and how forms of resistance might act to contain their dominance. The volume begins by unpacking the dynamics of metaphors, their power and influence and the ways in which they are bolstered by other rhetorical devices. Adams draws on four case studies to illustrate their destructive impact when they eclipse other points of view—the metaphor of mental illness; the metaphor of free-flowing markets; the metaphor of the mind as a mirror and the metaphor of men as naturally superior. Taken together, these examples prompt further reflection on the beneficiaries of these'monster metaphors'and how they promote such metaphors to serve their own interests but also on ways forward for challenging their dominance, strategies for preventing their rise and ways of creating space for alternatives.This book will be of interest to scholars interested in the study of metaphor, across such fields as linguistics, rhetoric and media studies.

This book explores the roles played by creative and conventional metaphor in expressing positive and negative evaluation within a particular workplace, drawing on interviews with 31 current and former employees of the British Civil Service.Metaphor is often used to express evaluation but relatively few studies have investigated the ways in which metaphor is used to evaluate personal emotionally charged experiences. The volume explores how metaphor serves a predominantly evaluative function, with creatively used metaphors often more likely than conventional metaphors to perform an evaluative function, particularly when the evaluation is negative or ambiguous. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between evaluation, creativity, and metaphor. Examples, including military metaphors and family metaphors, show how creativity often comes through subverting the norms of use of a particular metaphor category, or altering the valence from its conventional use. The study elucidates the myriad ways in which people push at the boundaries of linguistic creativity in their efforts to describe the qualitative nature of their experiences.Demonstrating how metaphor can be a powerful tool for the nuanced expression of complex and ambiguous evaluation, this book will appeal to researchers interested in better understanding metaphor, creativity, evaluation, and workplace cultures.

This book provides a fresh approach to motivation in primary school children by exploring the role of metaphor and symbol in language and art as a means of expressing insights developed through learning. The book investigates and transcends Piaget's dominant child developmental theories and considers alternative theories from psychiatry, not least ideas drawn from the theories of Jung and the works of McGilchrist. Using literary examples from primary school children's work, including prose and poetry, religious narratives, and drama and art based on Jungian archetypal images, the book analyses how creative approaches to lesson planning around metaphor and symbol enable children to achieve higher levels of understanding than had been previously thought possible. Ultimately, the volume evaluates why current practice largely fails to retain the initial enthusiasm shown for learning by young children, and instead offers a wealth of possible new foundations and insights for learning among primary school children.Focusing the primary school curriculum on creative ability, this book will be of great interest to academics, researchers, and post-graduate students in the fields of educational psychology, primary school education and educational theory.

This book explores the metaphors used in public and media communication to ask how language shapes our moral reasoning about the global coronavirus crisis. The author offers insights into the metaphors, metonyms, allegories and symbols of the global crisis and examines how they have contributed to policy formation and communication. Combining metaphor theory with moral foundations theory, he places metaphors in their historical contexts, and then critically questions why certain tropes might be used in particular situations to persuade and convince an audience. The book takes an integrated approach, involving ideas from cognitive linguistics, history, social psychology and literature to produce a multi-layered and thematically rich interpretation of the language of the pandemic and its social and political consequences. It will be relevant to readers with a background in these areas, as well as anyone with a general interest in the language used to make sense of this global event.

Archery and the Human Condition in Lacan, the Greeks, and Nietzsche showcases archery as a metaphor for the fundamental tension at the heart of the human condition. Matthew Meyer develops a theory of subjectivity that incorporates elements from psychoanalysis, Greek literature, philosophy, and Zen archery, bringing together allusions to the bow and archery made by Sophocles, Homer, Heraclitus, Aristotle, Lacan, Nietzsche, and Awa Kenzo. The book weaves together a psychoanalytic account of infant development, the obstacles faced by Greek heroes, and virtue theory to explore the tension between the forces inside and outside of the human that subject the human beingit to conditions beyond its control. Meyer develops this side of the tension through Jacques Lacan's theory of human drive, illustrating the three parts of drive theory through application to three works in Greek literature and philosophy. He The second part of the text describes the other side of this fundamental tension--the ability to control drive impulses—through Aristotle's use of the archer as a metaphor in his virtue theory. The book illustrates the productive nature of this tension through an analysis of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas about drives and sublimation, especially his contention that the “highest” types are like “the bow with the greatest tension.”

Hans Blumenberg gehört heute zu den meistgelesenen Autoren der deutschsprachigen Philosophie. Eine enorme Faszination geht von seinen Werken aus, längst werden diese in zahlreiche Sprachen übersetzt, Tagungen finden in Paris, London und Jerusalem statt. Neue Editionen, Werkanalysen, Glossare und Studien zu seinem intellektuellen Werdegang zeichnen ein immer facettenreicheres Bild. Damit gerät Blumenbergs Werk zugleich in den Sog der Historisierung. Felix Heidenreich wählt in seinem Essay einen ganz anderen Zugang: Ihm geht es nicht um Blumenbergs Werke, sondern um seine Werkzeuge. Was können wir heute mit Blumenberg anfangen? Auf diese Frage antwortet er mit dem Programmtitel der Politischen Metaphorologie. Damit ist nicht nur die Analyse von politischen Metaphern gemeint, sondern die Analyse von Wahrheits- und Deutungsansprüchen, die durch historische Analogien, den Verweis auf das Wesen des Menschen oder die absolute Wahrheit begründet werden. Der Metapherngebrauch im Bundestag, die französischen Gelbwesten und die Rhetorik der Brexiteers sind Material, an denen sich die Schärfe dieses Werkzeugs erproben lässt. Damit ergibt sich zugleich ein origineller Blick auf Blumenberg, dessen Denken sich als aktuell, experimentell, ja politisch erweist.

Bilder und bildliche Vorstellungen bestimmen von der frühesten Kommunikation an unseren Zugang zur Welt. Das Ziel des Bandes ist eine umfassende Aufklärung der Prägung unserer Welt durch die verwendeten Bilder entlang ausgewählter Beispiele alltäglicher Bildlichkeit.

Human beings rely equally on narrative (or storytelling) and metaphor (or analogy) for making sense of the world. Narrative and Metaphor in Education integrates the two perspectives of narrative and metaphor in educational theory and practice at every level from pre-school to lifelong civic education. Bringing together outstanding educational researchers, the book interweaves for the first time the rich strand of current research about how narrative may be used productively in education with more fragmentary research on the role of metaphor in education and invites readers to ‘look both ways.'The book consists of research by 40 academics from many countries and disciplines, describing and analysing the intricate connections between narrative and metaphor as they manifest themselves in many fields of education, including: concepts of education, teacher identity and reflective practice, teaching across cultures, teaching science and history, using digital and visual media in teaching, fostering reconciliation in a postcolonial context, special needs education, civic and social education and educational policy-making. It is unique in combining study of the narrative perspective and the metaphor perspective, and in exploring such a comprehensive range of topics in education. Narrative and Metaphor in Education will be of great interest to academics and researchers in the fields of education and educational policy, as well as teacher educators, practising and future teachers. It will also appeal to psychologists, sociologists, applied linguists and communications specialists.

We learn in grade school that metaphor is an ornamental figure of speech reserved for poets. But we now know that it is also a key strategy people use to make sense of the world, from basic concepts like time and causation to the major social issues facing society. In this book, Mark Landau clarifies with wide-ranging evidence the many ways conceptual metaphor guides our thoughts and actions, shining a light on the cognitive underpinnings of social life. Conceptual Metaphor in Social Psychology synthesizes over twenty-five years of in-depth research. Drawing from innovative experiments conducted around the globe, Landau shows conclusively that individuals and groups use metaphor—often unconsciously—to grasp abstractions, make judgments and decisions, communicate, and organize their behavior. Each chapter explores metaphor's importance for understanding a major topic in social psychology: social cognition, motivation, culture, the self, interpersonal relationships, intergroup dynamics, politics, and health. What emerges is a powerful explanation of how social behavior is shaped by and reflected in our bodily functioning, cultural context, and language use. Integrating insights from cognitive linguistics, anthropology, and personality, this book makes a compelling case that conceptual metaphor has a pervasive effect on human affairs. Researchers in social psychology will discover new ways to think about and investigate these related topics, while students of psychology will learn about an exciting development in understanding enduring questions about who we are and how we got that way.

This book is dedicated to the issue of animal metaphor together with its intricacies and internal complexity. Its main objective is to present a unified picture of the role animal terms have played in the shape of English and other natural languages. The author addresses such aspects of animal metaphor as the problem of animal names used as surnames, so-called verbal and adjectival zoosemy, or the use of names of animal body parts with reference to people. The cognitively-oriented analysis is carried out in terms of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which is capable of accounting for semantic change in a panchronic perspective. The results show that virtually any facet of humanity, which is beyond the norm, may be viewed, perceived, conceived of and expressed in animal terms.

This book explores the possibility that people understand abstract social concepts using metaphor, which is not simply a matter of words. Rather, it is a cognitive tool for understanding abstract concepts (such as morality) in terms of superficially dissimilar concepts that are relatively easier to comprehend (such as cleanliness). In the past decade, the development of a formal theoretical framework, labeled conceptual metaphor theory, has stimulated systematic empirical study on metaphor's role in social psychological phenomena. This book summarizes current knowledge and integrates recent developments in the topic of metaphor and in the cognitive underpinnings of social life.

​Metaphern und ihre Verwendung unterliegen den methodischen Zugriffsweisen verschiedener Disziplinen. Die Spannbreite reicht von der sprachwissenschaftlich orientierten Tradition der Analysen im Rahmen der kognitiven Linguistik über die psychologisch orientierte tendenziell experimentelle Methodik bis hin zu einer erst in den Anfängen erkennbaren handlungstheoretisch orientierten soziologischen Methodik. Allen drei Zugängen ist gemeinsam, dass Methodik und inhaltliche Fragestellung nicht getrennt werden können. In der Frage nach den Methoden der Metaphernforschung bewahrheitet sich einmal mehr die spätestens seit Kant anzunehmende Untrennbarkeit von Begriff und Anschauung, von Theorie und Empirie. In dem Band sollen die jeweils angewandten Methoden an einer spezifischen inhaltlichen Fragestellung und Problemlösung exemplarisch dargestellt werden. So soll die Breite des Spektrums methodischer Zugänge vorgestellt werden, ohne diese als „ganze“ Breite zu kennzeichnen.

The metaphor of contagion pervades critical discourse across the humanities, the medical sciences, and the social sciences. It appears in such terms as'social contagion'in psychology,'financial contagion'in economics,'viral marketing'in business, and even'cultural contagion'in anthropology. In the twenty-first century, contagion, or'thought contagion'has become a byword for creativity and a fundamental process by which knowledge and ideas are communicated and taken up, and resonates with André Siegfried's observation that'there is a striking parallel between the spreading of germs and the spreading of ideas'. In Contagious Metaphor, Peta Mitchell offers an innovative, interdisciplinary study of the metaphor of contagion and its relationship to the workings of language. Examining both metaphors of contagion and metaphor as contagion, Contagious Metaphor suggests a framework through which the emergence and often epidemic-like reproduction of metaphor can be better understood.

Emanuel Derman was a quantitative analyst (Quant) at Goldman Sachs, one of the financial engineers whose mathematical models became crucial for Wall Street. The reliance investors put on such quantitative analysis was catastrophic for the economy, setting off the ongoing string of financial crises that began with the mortgage market in 2007 and continues through today. Here Derman looks at why people -- bankers in particular -- still put so much faith in these models, and why it's a terrible mistake to do so. Though financial models imitate the style of physics and employ the language of mathematics, ultimately they deal with human beings. There is a fundamental difference between the aims and potential achievements of physics and those of finance. In physics, theories aim for a description of reality; in finance, at best, models can shoot only for a simplistic and very limited approximation to it. When we make a model involving human beings, we are trying to force the ugly stepsister's foot into Cinderella's pretty glass slipper. It doesn't fit without cutting off some of the essential parts. Physicists and economists have been too enthusiastic to acknowledge the limits of their equations in the sphere of human behavior--which of course is what economics is all about. Models.Behaving.Badly includes a personal account of Derman's childhood encounters with failed models--the oppressions of apartheid and the utopia of the kibbutz. He describes his experience as a physicist on Wall Street, the models quants generated, the benefits they brought and the problems, practical and ethical, they caused. Derman takes a close look at what a model is, and then highlights the differences between the successes of modeling in physics and its failures in economics. Describing the collapse of the subprime mortgage CDO market in 2007, Derman urges us to stop the naïve reliance on these models, and offers suggestions for mending them. This is a fascinating, lyrical, and very human look behind the curtain at the intersection between mathematics and human nature.

The rationalist approach to strategizing emphasizes analytical and convergent thinking. Without denying the importance of this approach, this book argues that strategists must learn to complement it with a more creative approach to strategizing that emphasizes synthetic and divergent ways of thinking. The theoretical underpinnings of this approach include embodied realism, interpretivism, practice theory, theory of play, design thinking, as well as discursive approaches such as metaphorical analysis, narrative analysis, dialogical analysis and hermeneutics. The book includes in-depth discussions of these theories and shows how they can be put into practice by presenting detailed analyses of embodied metaphors built by groups of agents with step-by-step explanations of how this process can be implemented and facilitated. The link between theory and practice is further supported by the inclusion of several vignettes that describe how this approach has been successfully employed in a number of organizations, including BASF and UNICEF.

This study is an attempt to semantically decompose the most popular metaphorical expressions associated with two particular Web 2.0 practices: social networks and folksonomies. What is a friend on a social networking Web site like MySpace and StudiVZ? Is it polite to poke strangers on Facebook and give them fives on hi5? How can we subscribe to RSS feeds, if we don't pay subscription fees? Do we really broadcast ourselves on our YouTube channels? These and other similar questions are dealt with from the perspective of the referential and the conceptual approaches to meaning, i.e., what these words stand for (referential/extensional approach) and which concepts they signify (conceptual/intensional approach). Thus, from the referential point of view, a friend on MySpace is only a hyperlink directing to a profile page of another MySpace user. But from the intensional point of view, a friend is a subscriber to the content generated by the profile owner.