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The article reveals the potential of using methanol as an ecologically clean fuel for ships today to solve the problem of reducing environmental pollution in the marine industry. The advantages of its use in the marine sector are given in comparison with other types of alternative fuels. Features of modernization of diesel engines for operation on methanol fuel are considered. It was established that by 2050, methanol is to occupy about 70% of the target global low-carbon fuel market. The main methods of methanol production are considered. A new methanol production technology was proposed, which involves the joint use of biomass and natural gas as raw materials. The advantage of the technology is that the heat obtained in the process of autothermal reforming during the conversion of natural gas can be used in making synthesis gas from biomass, which will increase the outcome of the fi nished product by 30% in total due to green methanol, a renewable fuel. New technological approaches and rational use of energy resources make it possible to reduce specifi c production costs and, under appropriate conditions, obtain methanol at a lower cost than that by carrying out each of the processes separately. The implementation of this technology will establish methanol as an economically effi cient alternative fuel that causes less environmental damage and can eff ectively compete with traditional fuels in marine transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Boron / Bor Dergisi is the property of Turkish Energy Nuclear & Research Agency - Boron Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A plate heat exchanger is one of the smallest and most efficient heat exchangers on the market. This experiment aims to assess the performance of methanol-water as a base fluid in a plate heat exchanger that affects the heat transfer performance. For this study, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle was used in various ratios (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 vol. %) in a base fluid (10 vol.% methanol & 90 vol.% water) to prepare a nanofluid. At two different temperatures, such as 55 °C and 60 °C, with varying flow rates (2 to 8 L/min) and varying nanoparticle concentrations (0.25 to 0.75%), thermo physical characteristics and convective heat transfer studies were performed, and the results are presented. The overall inference was that there was a notable enhancement in the hot side, cold side, and overall heat transfer coefficient by the combination of Al2O3 nanoparticle and methanolwater-based fluid. It was noted that utilizing Al2O3/methanol-water nanofluid could significantly reduce the temperature gradient in the heat exchanger and improve its performance. Maximum hot fluid coefficient of 4300 W/m²°C, cold fluid coefficient of 4600 W/m²°C, and overall coefficient of 2200 W/m²°C were noted for 0.75 vol.% nanoparticle concentration and at a flow rate of 8 L/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work was to study the catalytic activity for the conversion of methanol into formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, methyl formate, dimethoxymethanane of zeolite catalysts - based on natural clinoptilolite and its modified Co2+, Cu2+, Mo2+, Cr2+ forms (Cl-X). The yield was 14.3% in the naturalclinoptilolite, 27.8% in the Co2+-modified sample, and 37.3% in the Cu2+-modified sample, correspondingly. The introduction of relatively small amounts of Co2+ and Cu2+ cations into the catalyst led to an increase in the activity of the catalysts. The effect of partial pressure of CH3OH on the yield of DME was studied (maximum yield of 37.3%, mol. DME is achieved at the ratio CH3OH:O2 = 3:1). The decrease in the reaction temperature from 523 to 423 K led to an increase in the yield of DMM, and the formation of dimethyl ether and methyl formate increased with an increase in temperature to 623 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Educación e Investigación en Emergencias is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aims to determine the toxicity of extracts in three different solvents (methanol, hot water, and cold water) obtained from 10 different plants [Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae), Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae), Origanum onites L. (Lamiaceae), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae), Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Hypericum perforatum L. (Clusiaceae), Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae), and Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae)] against the larvae of the third instar of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) collected from different provinces of Türkiye. The results of the study varied depending on the plant species and the solvent used. Based on the observations, methanol was found to be the most effective solvent, followed by hot water and then cold water. On the 14th day of application, the highest mortality rate of 100% was observed when methanol was used as a solvent at a concentration of 20% (w/v) of the plant extracts. In contrast, this rate was 44% when cold water was used and 56% when hot water was used. According to the research results, extracts of A. graveolens, N. tabacum, and N. sativa showed a highly toxic effect on the pest, suggesting that these extracts are promising for the control of storage pests. However, more extensive studies are still needed to confirm the applicability and feasibility of these applications on an industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate methyl alcohol poisoning cases in Izmir. Patients and methods: The retrospective study included 15 patients (14 males, 1 female; mean age: 56.1±93 years; range, 40 to 71 years) diagnosed with methyl alcohol poisoning due to counterfeit alcoholic beverage consumption between October 1, 2020, and October 30, 2020. Patients were grouped according to survival. The demographic and clinical data, including the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring and Glasgow Coma Scale scores, were compared. Results: Of the patients, eight (53.3%) died, and seven survived. There was no significant difference between deceased and surviving patients regarding optical nerve involvement, mechanical ventilation need, and dyspnea (p=0.057, p=0.467, and p=0.467, respectively). On the other hand, a significant difference was observed between deceased and surviving patients regarding radiological imaging, visual impairment, gastrointestinal symptoms, and vasopressor agent need (p=0.044, p<0.001, p=0.011, and p=0.026, respectively). Mortality was significantly correlated with vasopressor agent needs, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and Glasgow Coma Scale score (p=0.009; r=0.645, p=0.009; r=-0.652, p=0.008; and r=0.562, p=0.029; respectively). Conclusion: Methyl alcohol poisoning is a common and even accelerating problem in Türkiye and results in high mortality and morbidity. Clinical, social, and economic strategies should be developed by national authorities to combat the issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Penggerek buah kopi (PBKo) (Hypothenemus hampei) adalah hama utama dan dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi besar dan penurunan kualitas buah kopi yang signifikan. Upaya menekan populasi hama ini dibutuhkan pengendalian efektif, salah satunya penggunaan senyawa semiokimia berupa etanol dan metanol melalui perangkap botol yang digantung di ranting tanaman kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas komposisi rasio perbandingan etanol dan metanol yang efektif dalammenarik hama PBKo. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) selama delapan minggu dan variabel pengamatan berupa populasi PBKo yang terperangkap selama satu minggu, intensitas buah kopi yang terserang PBKo, dan serangga lain yang terperangkap. Perlakuan etanol dan metanol 3:2 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menangkap hama PBKo yaitu sebanyak 402 imago. Intensitas serangan hama PBKo menunjukkan penurunan intensitas serangan yang signifikan setelah pemasangan perangkap botol dengan kategori awal serangan sedang hingga sangat ringan.

Standardization of the quality of the depolarized katuk pellet production process as a feed additive is very important to maintain product quality. The production process requires dry katuk leaves (DKK) as raw materials which are then processed into depolarized katuk leaves (DKD), and continues in the pelleting process to become depolarized katuk pellets (PKD). Quality standard can be done by measuring the parameters of nutritional value and also the yield of methanol extract. Nutritional values were obtained from the results of proximate analysis, namely the percentage of dry matter, ash content, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, beta-N, calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy (Cal/g). Mean while, the yield of methanol extract was obtained by maceration using methanol solvent. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional value and yield of crude methanol extract of katuk leaves (DKK, DKD, PKD) which can be used as a quality assurance standard for the depolarized katuk pellet production process. In general, the nutritional value of DKD and PKD had the same value as that of DKK, except for calcium which was quite high (P<0.05) in DKD and PKD, and the percentage of crude fiber was lower (P<0.05) in PKD compared to DKK and DKD. The percentage of crude fat in pellets (PKD) was higher (P<0.05) when compared to DKK and DKD. The yield of methanol extract was very high (P<0.05) in DKK, compared to DKD and PKD. The nutritional parameters and the yield of the katuk leaf extract can be used as quality assurance standards for the depolarized katuk pellet production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bagcilar Medical Bulletin / Bağcılar Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Brazilian legislation regulating the research of milk fraud limits the official method for researching ethyl alcohol. Other alcoholic and chemical compounds, potential restorative of the cryoscopy index, can then go unnoticed by the quality control of industries since the official method might not be sufficient in the detection of these compounds. The objective of this study was to verify whether the method of ethanol detection is efficient for the detection of other alcoholic compounds (methanol, propanol, butanol) and acetone, its analytical sensitivity, and the influence on the restorative potential of different concentrations in the cryoscopy index. This study showed that the ethanol research method has analytical sensitivity considered satisfactory (0.01%) and is even better for the research of other alcohols (0.005%) and acetone. The reconstitution of the cryoscopy index of methanol was superior to the other evaluated substances. The presence of ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, and acetone in milk indicates that the product has been doubly defrauded: with water and then with one of these substances used to remake cryoscopy and, even at low concentrations, may expose the consumer to risks. The technique recommended by the legislation for research of ethanol in milk proved to be sufficient and sensitive for the detection of ethanol, as well as other alcoholic compounds and acetone, so it can be used by the quality control of industries for the detection of these substances.

Copyright of Bulletin of Legal Medicine / Adli Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clinical Neuroscience / Ideggyógyászati Szemle is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Disminuir el impacto ambiental derivado del uso de combustibles fósiles necesita el desarrollo de fuentes de energía renovables, y la producción sostenible de combustibles líquidos. Los éteres de oximetileno (OMEs), son compuestos oxigenados que han surgido como una potencial alternativa para sustituir el combustible Diesel. El uso de estos éteres en los motores disminuye la formación de hollín y óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) durante la combustión. Dentro de esta familia de compuestos, el 1,1-dimetoximetano (OME1) tiene especial interés, no solo por su uso como solvente industrial o como intermediario químico, sino, también porque puede ser usado como materia prima para la producción de OMEs de cadena larga. La síntesis directa de OME1 involucra la oxidación selectiva de metanol sobre catalizadores bifuncionales, los cuales han sido objeto de estudio durante las últimas décadas. Este trabajo resume las principales características de los distintos sistemas catalíticos desarrollados, los cuales juegan un papel fundamental para la producción comercial del 1,1-dimetoximetano.

Methanol poisoning can occur unnoticed, by the ingestion of adulterated alcoholic beverages. In general, it is a rare entity, however, an increase in incidence has been reported during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methanol poisoning represents a medical emergency as it can cause severe damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, and even death. This article presents the case of a patient who inadvertently developed methanol intoxication after consuming presumably adulterated alcoholic beverages. In the brain, hemorrhagic necrosis of both putamen nuclei was demonstrated, in addition to presenting with bilateral optic neuritis and peripheral polyneuropathy. He was managed with intravenous steroid pulses, which significantly improved his visual, sensory, and motor function. In the present case there were no fatal complications and presented a good response to treatment, however, the case highlights the need for better regulation in the production and marketing of alcoholic beverages in our country, and on the other hand, to invite consumers to take more precautions in the consumption of alcoholic beverages of dubious quality or origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Current Retina Journal / Güncel Retina Dergisi is the property of Anadolu Kitabevi Basim Yayim Medikal Turizm Kirtasiye Tic. Ltd. Sti. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress. Journal of Young Researchers is the property of University of Gdansk / Uniwersytet Gdanskim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology (2657-8808) is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Radyoloji Seminerleri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nutrition & Feed Technology Journal / Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Legal Medicine / Adli Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spirits have proliferated and become an indispensable part of most gastronomic cultures around the world. The production and consumption of fruit brandies, especially plum and grape brandies as well as pear and apple brandies, have a long tradition in the countries of Southeast Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate 47 fruit brandies produced in small distilleries and industrial plants from five countries. The content of the most common volatile compounds (methanol, higher alcohols and fatty acid esters) and the sensory quality of the fruit brandies were analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the concentrations of the main volatile compounds in the spirit samples and sensory evaluation to identify similarities or differences between the spirit samples based on distillery size. The methanol concentration in all samples was below the EU legal limit. Methanol concentration was highest in Williams pear spirits and lowest in grape pomace spirits. The PCA sample distribution confirms the good quality of samples from both small distilleries (SD) and industrial plants (IP), with some exceptions - samples with identified defects produced in some small distilleries. The results of the sensory evaluation show high sensory quality of fruit spirits from this part of Europe.

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Marine & Coastal Science is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alkoholna pića su postala neizostavni dio većine gastronomskih kultura širom svijeta. Proizvodnja i potrošnja voćnih rakija, posebno rakija od šljiva i grožđa, kao i rakija od krušaka i jabuka, imaju dugu tradiciju u zemljama jugoistočne Europe. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti 47 voćnih rakija proizvedenih u malim destilerijama i industrijskim pogonima iz pet zemalja. Analiziran je sadržaj najčešćih hlapljivih spojeva (viši alkoholi, esteri masnih kiselina i metanol) te senzorna kvaliteta voćnih rakija. Kako bi se utvrdile sličnosti ili razlike između uzoraka alkoholnih pića na temelju veličine destilerije provedena je analiza glavnih komponenata (PCA) korištenjem koncentracija glavnih hlapljivih spojeva u uzorcima alkoholnih pića te senzorna procjena. Koncentracija metanola u svim uzorcima bila je ispod zakonske granice EU-a. Koncentracija metanola bila je najviša u rakijama od kruške Williams, a najniža u rakijama od grožđa. Distribucija uzoraka PCA potvrđuje dobru kvalitetu uzoraka iz malih destilerija (SD) i iz industrijskih postrojenja (IP), uz neke iznimke pojedinih uzoraka s utvrđenim nedostacima proizvedenih u nekim malim destilerijama. Rezultati senzorne evaluacije pokazuju visoku senzornu kvalitetu voćnih alkoholnih pića iz ovog dijela Europe.

In Aquaculture, the use of microalgae is fundamental in the first feeding of native fish species, since their optimal nutritional level favors survival. Successful production of microalgae under laboratory conditions depends on the culture medium used during the cryopreservation stage of production. Agricultural fertilizers can be used as a low-cost alternative culture media that promotes cell growth and cryopreservation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of two culture media on population growth (PG) and post-thawing viability (PTV) of three microalgal species (Chlorella sp., Desmodesmus sp., and Ankistrodesmus sp.). The PG and PTV were evaluated for F/2 Guillard and Nutrifoliar® culture media. Instantaneous growth rate (K), doubling time (dt), yield (y), and maximum density (md) were evaluated for PG in both culture media. For VCP, 5 and 10 % methanol was used in six treatments. The PTV was classified as no cell damage (NCD), cell damage (CD), and marked lesions (ML). Population growth did not differ among microalgae (p >0.05). T1 resulted in the lowest dt for Desmodesmus sp., (p

Due to the increase in fossil fuel prices, limited reserves and environmental damage, researchers turned to renewable energy sources. Studies have been conducted on the use of biodiesel to reduce the use of fossil fuels used in vehicles. In this study, biodiesel obtained from cottonseed oil by transesterification method was used as fuel. Cotton oil methyl ester and methanol, different proportions of fuels (diesel fuel (DF), 20% biodiesel (BD20) by volume, 20% methanol (AL20) and derivatives (BD20AL20) were obtained. The effects of DF and other fuels on the combustion and performance characteristics were discussed. The tests were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine at the varying engine speeds from 1750 to 3250 rpm with the intervals of 500 rpm. In comparison with that of conventional DF, the BSFC value of BD20, BD20AL20, and AL20 test fuels has exhibited a significant increment with 10.4%, 39%, and 24%, respectively. DF has the highest value with 28.93% BTE. The reason of the high BTE for DF is the heating value, and high-energy content thereof. In comparison with that of DF, the BTE value of BD20, BD20AL20, and AL20 test fuels has exhibited a significant decrease with 6.8%, 16.74% and 9.5%, respectively. Maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum heat release rate values are observed for the test fuels containing biofuels due to their low cetane number as compared to that of DF.

Tithonia diversifolia se distribuye en trópico y subtrópico de México y es una valiosa fuente de compuestos bioactivos. Existen varios métodos para la extracción de compuestos bioactivos, sin embargo, su rendimiento depende de varios factores, por lo que es importante seleccionar las mejores condiciones.

This article aims to simulate an algorithm constructed in MATLAB to represent the catalytic conversion of SYNGAS into methanol in a packed-bed reactor, based on chemical kinetics for a heterogeneous system with a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 as a catalyst, and complementary math and phenomenological models, as a pressure drop and catalyst deactivation. Model validation is developed, comparing reference results and the results by running the algorithm in MATLAB using a reference SYNGAS composition. Also, the constructed model considers a catalyst deactivation by sintering and pressure drop along the reactor. Several parameters were evaluated to identify the pro conditions for methyl alcohol production; these parameters include the gasifying agent selection, the biomass and steam ratio effect, and the biomass origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In parallel with the increase in the development level of the countries, the number of motor vehicles increases every day. Exhaust emissions from vehicles running on fossil fuels pollute the air and threaten the environment and human health. A clean and healthy life is directly related to the quality of breathing air. The most important elements of air pollution are fossil-based fuels. One of the ways to prevent air pollution is to use alternative fuels to fossil-based fuels that cause pollution. Clean and local fuels, which can be an alternative to fossil-based fuels used in vehicles today, are vegetable and animal-derived biofuels. The most commonly used alternative fuels in gasoline engines are alcohol-based fuels. In this study, by adding 25% methanol by volume into pure gasoline, mixed fuel named as MB25 and by adding 25% by volume ethanol into pure gasoline, mixed fuels named EB25 were formed. These fuels were tested in an internal combustion gasoline engine and the effects of fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions were compared with gasoline. The results obtained by the gasoline engine testing of MB25 and EB25 blended fuels compared to gasoline, respectively, 41.61%, 16.97% decrease in CO emissions, 14.60%, 8.79% decrease in HC emissions occurred, while 35.43%, 4.53% increase in NOx emissions and 12.19%, 5.71% increase in CO2 emissions occurred, respectively. Also, the motor performance values 1.32% increase and 0.04% decrease in engine power, 2.10%, 1.23% increase in motor torque and % 5.20, % 1.58 increase in specific fuel consumption occurred, recpectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, it is aimed to identify the optimum level of methanol used as an alternative fuel in a spark ignition engine in terms of performance and emissions by the response surface methodology. For this purpose, three different fractions of methanol (0%, 10% and 20%) by volume were added to gasoline and the prepared test fuels were experimented in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, spark ignition engine at various engine loads (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 kg). The model was developed supported with analysis of variance by using the two-factorial central composite full design and the optimum methanol concentration and engine load values were determined corresponding to the best brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and nitrogen monoxide emission levels. According to the optimization results, while the optimum methanol ratio was found to be 7%, the optimum engine load was found to be 12 kg. Corresponding to the optimum methanol ratio and engine load; brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and nitrogen monoxide were obtained as 32.037%, 0.251 kg/kWh, 0.384%, 110.05 ppm, 14.35% and 1090.358 ppm, respectively. In order to determine the sensitivity of the response surface methodology results, the experiments were performed with optimum methanol ratio and engine load and compared with response surface methodology results. It was concluded that the optimization results were compatible with the experimental results with an error rate of less than 6% and that response surface methodology is an effective tool to determine the optimum methanol ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a new catalyst based on carbon paste (CP) modified by spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles and zeolite-4A was proposed and used for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. NiCo2O4@zeolite-4A was obtained through the calcination of the physical mixture of NiCo2O4 and zeolite-4A. Their physicochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectra (SEM-EDS), and FT-IR techniques. The electrocatalytic performance of modified electrode based on NiCo2O4@zeolite-4A was tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperomerty (CA). The result of cyclic voltammetry indicated a significant rise in the oxidation current on the surface of NiCo2O4@zeolite-4A/CPE modified electrode. The rate constant for the catalytic reaction (k) of methanol was calculated by means of a chronoamperometric technique. To sum up, the incorporation of NiCo2O4 nanoparticles into zeolite-4A provided the binary electroactive sites for catalysis of methanol oxidation as it exhibited a long-term stability for catalytic reaction, and thus a promising application. Resumen: En este trabajo se propuso un nuevo catalizador basado en pasta de carbono (CP) modificado por espinela de nanopartículas de NiCo2O4 y zeolita-4ª, y se utilizó para la oxidación electroquímica del metanol. Se obtuvo NiCo2O4@zeolita-4A a través de la calcinación de la mezcla física de NiCo2O4 y zeolita-4A. Sus propiedades fisicoquímicas se caracterizaron por difracción de rayos X (XRD), espectros de rayos X de barrido de energía con microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM-EDS) y técnicas de FT-IR. El rendimiento electrocatalítico del electrodo modificado basado en NiCo2O4@zeolita-4A se probó utilizando la voltametría cíclica (CV) y cronoamperometría (CA). El resultado de la voltametría cíclica indicó un aumento significativo de la corriente de oxidación en la superficie del electrodo modificado con zeolita-4A/CPE de NiCo2O4. La constante de velocidad para la reacción catalítica (k) del metanol se calculó mediante una técnica cronoamperométrica. En resumen, la incorporación de nanopartículas de NiCo2O4 en la zeolita-4A proporcionó los sitios electroactivos binarios para la catálisis de la oxidación de metanol, ya que exhibió una estabilidad a largo plazo para la reacción catalítica y, por lo tanto, una aplicación prometedora.

El objetivo del proyecto de investigación fue determinar el efecto de la temperatura, concentración de metanol y cantidad de catalizador en la tasa de producción de hidrógeno por medio de un proceso de reformado en fase acuosa, utilizando un catalizador de níquel soportado en alúmina comercial. El catalizador se sintetizó utilizando el método de impregnación insipiente, se calcinó y se redujo utilizando una corriente al 5 % de hidrógeno, con un flujo de 250x10-3 l·min-1, a 723.15 K (450 °C) por un periodo de 4 h. El catalizador sintetizado se caracterizó y se determinó el área superficial, cristalinidad, composición, así como se realizaron micrografías para comprobar su morfología. Para el estudio del efecto de las variables en la taza de producción de hidrógeno se realizó un diseño experimental Taguchi L8, con tres variables y dos niveles: temperatura 473.15 K y 498.15 K, concentración de metanol 2% v/v y 6% v/v; y cantidad de catalizador 2,5 % m/m y 5 % m/m. Se encontró que el catalizador utilizado presenta un área de 88 m2/g, con poca cristalinidad, considerándose amorfo, con un porcentaje de níquel cercano al 3 %, como se estableció. Con respecto al diseño estadístico se comprobó que solo la temperatura es significativa en la taza de producción de hidrógeno y que es mejor trabajar a 498.15 K, mientras que la concentración de metanol o cantidad de catalizador no son significativas.

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ethanol (active) and methanol (toxic) substances content were quantified for commercial sanitizing gels. The health emergency caused by the COVID-19 epidemic has motivated to production of sanitizing gels to cover higher demand. The analytical composition of 24 commercial gels is reported (15 produced by national and transnational companies, and 9 collected gels which were in use at public areas). From the results it was found, that only one brand of 15 gels meets the quality requirements regarding 70% (wt./wt.) of ethanol content. Concerning to the collected gels, none of them contains the minimum active compound required. The non-compliance of this requirement means that these gels present its sanitizing action diminished. A striking result is that 25% of commercially packaged gels contain methanol - a toxic substance - in alarming amounts, hundreds of times more than the FDA upper limits requirement. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v15i1.761

Copyright of Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes is the property of Revista do Instituto de Laticinios Candido Tostes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)