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The photoinduced electron-transfer reactions of zinc-substituted cytochrome c, ZnCyt-c immobilized on mesoporous, nanocrystalline metal oxide electrodes is investigated. Efficient electron injection from the triplet state of ZnCyt-c is observed into TiO2 electrodes resulting in a long-lived charge-separated state.

Characteristics of electroluminescence from indium tin oxide (ITO)/SiO2/Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures fabricated on both p-type and n-type SI wafers are investigated. The electroluminescence from ITO/SiO2/Si(n) is found to be less than that from the Al/SiO2/Si(n).

The magnetic and magnetooptical properties of CeFe[O.sub.3] (CFO) and YCeCoFe[O.sub.6] (YCFCO) films grown by pulsed laser deposition onto MgO or SrTi[O.sub.3](100) substrates at ~[10.sup.-5] Torr or at 6 mTorr [O.sub.2] are studied. Faraday rotation hysteresis loops were obtained at the 1.55-[micro]m wavelength, yielding a saturation of ~0.6 deg/[micro]m in all CFO films and ~0.25 deg/[micro]m in the YCFCO film grown under vacuum. Optical measurements give a refractive index of 2.9 and an optical absorption of 1.8 dB/[micro]m at the same wavelength. The corresponding saturation magnetization in CFO films reaches 45 emu/[cm.sup.3] at room temperature. Interpretation of the magnetic and magnetooptical properties is based on the electronic structure and optical transitions of [Ce.sup.3+] in an iron garnet or orthoferrite lattice. Index Terms--Laser ablation, magnetooptic films, optical isolators.

The in situ electron energy-loss spectroscopy technique is employed to analyze the different properties and characteristics of different Co and Co oxides. The various additional features exhibited by the Co L-edge compounds, as compared to the Co-oxide are also explained.

The studies of electron and hole injection in Mo[O.sub.3] charge generation layers (CGLs) commonly used for achieving balanced injection in multilayer stacked organic light-emitting diodes (SOLEDs) are reported. The analysis results demonstrated a three-element green emitting electrophosphorescent SOLED a peak forward-viewing EQE=(24.3[plusmn]1.0)% and a power efficiency of (19[plusmn]1) lm/W.

A study related to the additions of Zr to In2O3 (IO) and In2O3:SnO2 (ITO) sputtered thin films that allowed IO-based films to maintain optical transparency and high carrier concentration is presented. Analysis of films using Drude theory approximation indicated that the optical improvement is due to an increase in dielectric permittivity caused by Zr addition, and this strategy could also be applied to improve and develop other new transparent conducting oxides (TCOs).

The possibility of bandgap engineering in binary systems of oxide insulators is explored by studying the photoconductivity of nanometer-thin Hf oxide layers containing different concentrations of cations of different sorts (Si, Al, Sr, or Ce) deposited on (100)Si. Photoconductivity is shown as a feasible method to trace phase separation in nanometer-thin layers of binary systems of metal oxides.

The adsorption properties of self-assembly of rubrene molecules on the copper oxide nanotemplate formed by high-temperature exposure of Cu(110) to molecular oxygen are examined. The analysis has shown a complex variety of self-assembled motifs, driven by competing effects like the chemical affinity between the organic molecule and the surface, surface coverage and spatial confinement of the rubrene molecules within the rows of the template.

Methods for synthesizing mesostructured inorganic oxides that are not based on a silicate framework are described. The critical aspects of mesostructure synthesis derived from experiments on both silicate and non-silicate materials are reviewed.

The transient hot wire method was used to measure thermal conductivity of water- and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing alumina, zinc-oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles. The result reveals that the thermal-conductivity enhancement ratio relative to the base fluid increases linearly with decreasing particle size.

A sensitive multilayer slab waveguides that consists of a uniform transparent metal-oxide thin film deposited on top of a tin-diffused layer of float glass substrates is proposed. Tin-diffused glass waveguides are stable up to 550 degree Celsius, thereby compatible with the fabricating process for sol-gel surfactant templated mesoporous thin films.

Measurements of the energy distributions of [O.sup.-] ions of magnetron sputtered Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf in an Ar/[O.sub.2.] atmosphere were carried out as a function of the oxygen partial pressure. Correlation of the measured ion energy distributions with earlier published phase stability data showed that large fluxes of medium and high energy [O.sub.-] ions enable formation of crystalline transition metal oxide thin films during low temperature growth.

The screening of large combinatorial oxide libraries for their electric transport characteristics was described. Complete ternary composition spreads of NiO-Mn(sub 2)O(sub 3)-CuO oxide alloys were deposited onto conducting Nb-doped SrTiO(sub 3) substrates using the combinatorial pulsed laser deposition technique and resistance-temperature relations for each composition in the spread were determined using a custom-designed scanning probe.

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an essential technique for fabricating nano-scale thin films in the microelectronics industry, and its applications are extended to multicomponent thin films, as well as to single metal oxide and nitride films. A mathematical film growth model for ALD is proposed to predict the deposition characteristics of multicomponent thin films grown mainly in the transient regime, where the film thickness varies nonlinearly with the number of cycles.

The study was aimed at examining the effect(s) of surface photochemical reactions involving H(sub 2), O(sub 2), NH(sub 3), and CO(sub 2) on the photocoloration of ZrO(sub 2) in particular, and metal oxides in general. The effect of a nonphotocatalytic reaction occurring on the surface of an irradiated wide band gap metal oxide is seen as the influence of photosimulated adsorption on the photocoloration of the metal oxide specimen.

Heavy metal oxide glasses containing GeO2 are selected for the study as potential hosts for 1.48 mu m fiber - optic amplifiers because of their low phonon energy. The results of the experiment support the potentials of GeO2 added heavy metal oxide glasses codoped with Tm(super 3+) and Ho(super 3+) for 1.48 mu m optical fiber amplifiers.

The reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) is used to observe Si-H bonds within the model, ultrathin silicon oxide. The results show that HSiO3 entities are stable to heat within this model oxide and the reversible, isotopic substitution reactions can be directly observed by RAIRS upon exposure to hydrogen and deuterium atoms.