Search

Beam-column (B-C) joints are recognized as critical regions in reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames when subjected to seismic loads. Furthermore, these joints may be subjected to high temperatures during their lifespan, which might cause severe structural damage. Accordingly, the seismic response of RC beam-column joints that were subjected to heat (i.e., 400 °C and 600 °C) was investigated in the present experimental work. The joint specimens were divided into three categories: Three joints were kept as is (i.e., reference joints; no strengthening is applied), whereas six joints were strengthened with one and two layers of stainless-steel expanded metal sheet mesh (SSEMSM) in order to improve their performance. To investigate the seismic performance of the joints, a quasi-static cyclic load was applied to the joints to simulate a seismic load. Results showed that the average maximum load for joints strengthened with one and two layers of SSEMSM, respectively, was increased by 11% and 21% at ambient temperature and by 2% and 9% at 400 °C, in comparison with the reference joint. In addition, using one and two layers of SSEMSM, respectively, led to achieving an average of 91% and 100% of the full capacity of the reference joint for B-C joints subjected to 600 °C. Furthermore, the experimental findings show a considerable improvement in the cyclic response of non-ductile RC joints that were strengthened with the SSEMSM strategy and subjected to high temperatures (i.e., higher load capacity, greater displacement, higher dissipated energy, higher ductility, and slower degradation in the secant stiffness). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-gain high-efficiency flexible and transparent film antenna in millimeter-wave is proposed in this paper. Comb structure which can be regarded as developed from the grid array structure is employed to mitigate the loss of the feeding network caused by the lossy metal mesh. The gain of the antenna has low sensitivity to the sheet resistance, which is promising in developing large-scale and high-performance transparent antenna. A large-scale (6.72λ×1.05λ@28GHz) antenna is designed and fabricated using transparent metal mesh film with sheet resistance of 0.1Ω/sq and a thin PET film substrate. Bending measurement shows the antenna has excellent mechanical flexibility. A peak gain of 15.92dBi, radiation efficiency of 65.1%, optical transparency of 84% and 1,000-times bending are obtained. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest gain and radiation efficiency flexible-transparent antenna reported thus far, which provides a glass-integrated antenna solution for vehicular communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at solving the problem of support failure caused by a large deformation of roadway surrounding rock in a deep soft coal seam, and taking the surrounding rock control of the roadway in the 11-2 coal seam in Zhujidong Coal Mine as the research background, numerical simulation and field industrial test and inspection methods were used to study the support effect of a supporting system of gob-side entry in deep soft coal seam. The deformation characteristics of various supporting systems of metal mesh, diamond mesh, metal mesh with anchor rod, steel ladder beam, M-shaped steel belt, 14#b channel steel, and 11# I-steel in the goaf supporting body of deep soft coal seam were studied under vertical load. The supporting effect of effective compressive stress zone generated by bolt and cable under different row spacings and lengths was analyzed, and the law of variation in the compressive stress field generated by supporting members with supporting parameters was explored. The length and interrow distance of bolt and cable were compared, respectively, and reasonable supporting parameters were selected. Based on the abovementioned research results and the geological conditions of the 1331 (1) track roadway, the support scheme of the 1331 (1) track roadway was designed, and the industrial test was carried out. The results show that the surrounding rock of the roadway is within the effective anchorage range of the supporting body, the active support function of the supporting components has been fully brought into play, and the overall control effect of the surrounding rock of the roadway is good, which can ensure the safety and stability of the goaf roadway. The maximum displacement of the roof and floor of the roadway is 86 mm, the maximum displacement of the solid coal side is 50 mm, the maximum displacement of the coal pillar side is 70 mm, and the maximum separation of layers is 22 mm. There is no failure phenomenon in relation to the anchor bolt and cable, and the overall deformation of the roadway surrounding the rock is good, which can provide some references for roadway-surrounding-rock control under similar conditions in deep coal seams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a graphene-based radar cross section (RCS) tunable antenna that utilizes metal mesh and graphene, both of which are optically transparent. The graphene sandwich structure is introduced to replace traditional components like diodes, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and varactors, acting as an electromagnetic wave controller and significantly simplifying the device's complexity. By applying different voltages, the electrical properties of graphene are altered, enabling the regulation of reflection, transmission, and absorption of electromagnetic waves. This not only modifies the antenna's pattern but also achieves a substantial reduction in out-of-band RCS. The radiation and scattering mechanism of the antenna is carefully elaborated. The numerical and experimental results match well, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method. The optical transmittance of the device is 27.9% at 550 nm, and the out-of-band RCS reduction is 10.01 dB at 3.83 GHz. The transparent, RCS tunable antenna proposed has significant potential applications in optical and microwave stealth technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating human–wildlife conflict is necessary to reach positive long-term management solutions and aid the conservation of biodiversity. We used indirect approaches to evaluate the Human–Neotropical otter conflict in three river basins with high fishing activity in western Mexico and provided recommendations to mitigate the conflict by identifying the variables that increase the risk of predation of ponds by otters. Human–Otter conflict was moderate, and the opinions of community members toward otters were mostly negative, particularly those of the fishing sector. However, after offering environmental education workshops, the number of people recognizing the importance of protecting the species increased, which could result in the acceptance and tolerance toward otters. Avoiding building ponds at ground level and covering ponds with metal mesh, especially in fish-farms located in the middle and upper areas of rivers, as explored with fish-farmers, merits more experimentation, since it could be a good means for reducing the conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current transcathether heart valves rely on metal mesh stents, resulting in discontinuous stent‐leaflet interfaces that introduce stress concentrations, reducing valve lifetime. This work aims to investigate non‐conventional methods to create a fully polymeric transcatheter heart valve, exhibiting a quasi‐continuous interface with hemocompatible leaflets with high durability potential. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is of particular interest as a cardiovascular material due to hemocompatibility and mechanical resilience, highly relevant for catheter delivered valves. For increased reproducibility and design freedom, an autoclave process was used to manufacture thin‐ply PEEK composite stents. We demonstrated that a suitable membrane material during manufacturing is essential to evenly distribute pressure around the stent. Meanwhile, a modified vacuum forming process was used to simultaneously form and attach PEEK leaflets to the stent using a heated mold. This simple and robust method enables rapid manufacturing of an integral PEEK‐based valve design, resulting in improved stent‐leaflet bonding, demonstrating an alternative to conventional dip‐coating. The customized vacuum forming causes a controlled annealing effect in semicrystalline materials such as PEEK. Processing PEEK leaflets at higher mold temperatures results in higher crystallinity, elastic modulus, and bond strength. These processes enable greater design flexibility and promote composite materials for use in heart valve devices. Highlights: Developed manufacturing processes for PEEK‐based heart valve implants.Proof of concept for thermoforming of semi‐crystalline PEEK leaflets.Demonstrated effect of processing temperature on valve mechanical properties.Autoclave processing and vacuum forming enable new heart valve designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Through resistance welding experiments, the effects of process parameters and heating elements (HE) on the welding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) composites were studied. Stainless steel mesh was used as the heating element for welding CF/PA6 composites. The mechanical properties of the weld were tested using a universal testing machine, and the internal structure and fracture of the joint were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal parameters for welding CF/PA6 composites were determined. In addition, the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of the metal mesh significantly improved the welding strength, from 14.016 to 16.31 MPa. The experimental results showed that the optimal parameters included 22A current, 0.3 MPa pressure and 35 s welding time, and the optimal specification of the metal mesh heating element was 200 mesh. The burning time of the metal mesh was 10 s, and the optimum pickling time was 30 s. The matrix of the composite material is nylon 6. Improved the experimental process for growing carbon nanotubes. Explore the influence of burning time on welding effect through detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tri-band shared-aperture antenna for Sub-6 GHz/millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications with a scanning beam is proposed. Using structural multiplexing, the dual-band Sub-6 GHz mesh patch antenna and the millimeter-wave (mmWave) Fabry-Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) share the same radiating aperture. The metal mesh patch acts as both the radiator of the dual-band mesh patch antenna and the partial reflective surface (PRS) of the FPCA. The mechanism of the FPCA is analyzed using the ray tracing method. With the designed single-layer PRS, the proposed antenna features a scanning beam in the mmWave band without the need for tuning elements and feeding networks. An aperture-coupled patch antenna is designed as the feed source for the FPCA. Additionally, by optimally shaping the metal mesh, the patch antenna generates dual-band resonances. The antenna prototype is fabricated and measured. Measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 2.07% (2.39 − 2.44 GHz), 24.79% (3.18 − 4.08 GHz), and 28.42% (24.90 − 33.15 GHz), respectively. The tri-band peak gains are 8.18 dBi, 8.39 dBi, and 17.41 dBi, respectively. The beam scans from 2° to 39° in the frequency range of 25 − 33 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At elevated operating temperatures, a large temperature gradient can cause irreparable damage to the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) stack, eventually interrupting the durability of the stack. Metal substrate support could be used to overcome this challenge. However, the application of metal substrate support poses various challenges such as different thermal expansion coefficients, pore diameters, and complex fabrication techniques. Therefore, a first-ever novel and mechanically strong ferritic stainless-steel metal mesh-supported SOFC design is developed to mitigate these challenges. The metal mesh of 200 μm thickness is laminated with tape-casted green films of anode-support, anode functional layer (AFL), and electrolyte films of SOFC. The iso-static pressure of 300 MPa exhibits a firm attachment of the green films of SOFC with the metal mesh. Subsequently, the metal mesh-supported planar SOFC exhibits 3.3 times higher flexural strength compared to the conventional commercial anode-supported planar SOFC. The nano-CuO is added to constituent layers as a sintering aid to attain the maximum density at a lower sintering temperature of 1100 °C. The result shows that the practical application of the metal mesh-supported cell technology has a great potential to overwhelm the mechanical durability of SOFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas foil bearings, which are oil-free and exhibit low energy losses, are used in high-speed rotating machinery. Because gas is used as the working fluid, there is a need to improve damping performance using support structures. Additionally, the support structure, which becomes increasingly complex shaft performance, needs to be simplified. This study proposes a new bump mesh foil bearing focusing on the support structure and experimentally verifies its static and dynamic characteristics. The bump metal mesh foil bearing is a simple structure that combines a bump shape and metal mesh. Static load and hammering tests were conducted to evaluate the static characteristics, and the frictional torque and vibration at high-speed rotation were measured to evaluate the dynamic characteristics. The bump metal mesh foil bearing exhibited excellent damping performance owing to the friction damping caused by the bump shape and metal mesh; however, the rigidity of the bump metal mesh foil bearing was reduced. The bump metal mesh foil bearing exhibited the same level of lifting performance as the bump foil bearing, and vibration reduction at high-speed rotation was confirmed. Thus, the combination of the bump foil and metal mesh bearings yielded good results in terms of vibration characteristics.

In response to the poor active support effect of the surface protection components in soft coal roadway and the continuous expansion of the broken range of local exposed surrounding rock, which leads to the failure of anchor rod and cables, a mesh grouting surface type prestressed application technology has been developed. The authors conducted post mesh grouting tests on different specifications and models of metal mesh, and obtained the mechanical response characteristics of the support system during the application of active surface prestressing. Based on this, the post mesh grouting tests on the roof and two sides of the mesh under on-site conditions were carried out, verifying the applicability of post mesh grouting technology. The research results indicate that: ① There is a gap between the metal mesh and the coal wall, which leads to poor active support ability. The continuous expansion of the broken range of the exposed surrounding rock is the main controlling factor for the failure of anchor rod and anchor cable support. Filling the uneven structure around the contact surface between the metal mesh and the coal wall, increasing the active support ability of the protective surface components, and comprehensively sealing the surrounding rock are the technical means to improve the anchor mesh support system; ② Injecting and filling between the metal mesh and the surrounding rock can achieve the application of surface active pre-stress. The trend of surface stress change is mainly divided into: the initial stage of constant surface stress, the stage of increasing surface stress, and the stage of reducing surface stress to stable state; ③ During the process of grouting behind the mesh, the trend of changes in surface stress values is closely related to the grouting pressure and deformation of the metal mesh. During the process of increasing surface stress, the grouting pressure and deformation of the metal mesh also increase accordingly; ④ Grouting behind the mesh can effectively alleviate the stress concentration of the cable tray. During the process of increasing the surface stress value, the pre-tightening force of the cable with stress concentration can show a small decrease trend, while the pre-tightening force of the cable with relatively uniform stress shows a synchronous upward trend during the process of increasing the surface stress value. The technologies developed are expected to become supporting technologies for rock bolt support, providing technical and theoretical references for the treatment of complex and difficult roadway.

In this paper, the shear behavior of ferro-cement hollow beams is investigated experimentally and analytically. Ten reinforced concrete beams with cross-sectional dimensions of 100 × 200 × 1300 mm and a clear span of 1000 mm were cast and tested until failure under a two-point loading system. Ferrocement beams in this research contained either an autoclaved aerated lightweight brick core (AAC) or an extruded foam core (EFC) and were reinforced with either expanded metal mesh (EMM) or welded wire mesh (WWM). The structural behavior of the studied beams, including first crack, deflection, ultimate load, crack pattern, failure mode, and ductility index, was investigated. The experimental data were used to validate finite element models created with the ABAQUS finite element program. It can be concluded that the optimum performance of ferrocement beams can be achieved using beams with a second layer of expanded steel mesh as additional reinforcement, which led to an increase in the ultimate load and maximum deflection by 12.9% and 22.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the Numerical results agreed with the experimental results, where the ratio between the NLFE ultimate loads and the experimental ultimate loads varies between 1.02 and 1.07, with an average ratio of 1.04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the hybridization effect on the perforation threshold of Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) in thermoplastic glass composite laminates, incorporating layers of resin-impregnated stainless-steel mesh. Reinforcing methodologies such as hybridization are recently being adopted as a practical approach to increasing the energy-absorbing capacity of polymer composites. In the current paper, a multi-step hot press lamination method has been employed to fabricate the hybrid composite laminates strengthened with stainless-steel mesh layers. Several stacking sequences, metal mesh wire sizes, orientation and position relative to the impactor have been examined under various LVI energies. It was revealed that the LVI penetration energy was increased for the thermoplastic-based composite laminates reinforced with stainless-steel mesh layers. Furthermore, the LVI penetration energy threshold was significantly influenced by the metal mesh wire size, orientation and stacking sequence. Finally, the backlight method capability was assessed to detect the after-impact interlaminar damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The installation of sand screens in open-hole completions in the wellbore is crucial for managing sand production. The main reason for using standalone screens in open-hole completions is their relatively reduced operational complexity compared to other sand control technologies. However, directly applying the screen to the bottom of the hole can lead to an incorrect screen type selection, resulting in an unreliable sand control method. To address this issue, a sand retention test is conducted to evaluate the performance of a standalone screen before field installation. Nevertheless, current sand retention test setups encounter several challenges. These include difficulties in identifying minimum retention requirements, interpreting results in the context of field conditions, and replicating field-specific parameters. The existing sand retention test introduces uncertainties, such as inaccurately replicating field requirements, inconsistent selection of wetting fluids, flow rates, and channel formation, leading to variations in the choice of the optimal screen using this test. In response to these challenges, this study aims to review the sand retention test and propose an improved sand retention method to overcome these problems. The focus of this article is to provide an in-depth analysis of previous sand retention test setups, their contributions to characterizing sand screens, and the parameters utilized in determining test outcomes. Additionally, this review outlines a procedure to investigate the impact of different particle sizes on screen erosion. Key findings emphasize the importance of using high-quality materials, proper screen design to resist damage and erosion, achieving acceptable natural packing behind the screen, and considering factors such as geology, wellbore conditions, and installation techniques. The analysis reveals that a high quantity of finer and poorly sorted sand increases sand production. The study recommends performing a sand pack test closer to reservoir conditions for better evaluation. Premium sand screens demonstrate the highest retention capacity, followed by metal mesh and wire-wrapped screens. Additionally, geotextiles show potential for enhancing sand retention, and screen design affects erosion resistance and service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite material consisting of δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin was modified with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and utilized for separating sunflower oil from water using a metal mesh membrane. The δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin/APTES/metal mesh membrane was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory/Barrett–Joyner–Halenda, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle. Based on the outcomes of the conducted experiments, it was observed that the maximum porosity was associated with the δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin/APTES 15 (wt.%)/metal mesh (MKA(15 wt.%)M) membrane, and the porosity was calculated to be 0.58%. The blocking filtration model was employed, and a complete blocking model was obtained with a value of n = 2.15 for MKA(15 wt.%)M membrane. The response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was utilized to investigate the effect of parameters such as weight percentage of APTES (wt.%), mass of δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin/APTES (MKA) (g), volume of oil in water (mL), and temperature (°C) on the flux (L/m2·h) and rejection (%). Under optimal conditions, weight percentage of 13.32 (wt.%) of APTES, concentration of 0.2 (g) of MKA, volume of 37.10 (mL) of oil in water, and a temperature of 59.06 (°C) were obtained. These conditions resulted in a flux of 5977 (L/m2·h) and a rejection rate of 99.99% for 9 s. The kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order model had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.9991, thus displaying the most agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to derive a quality factor for the evaluation of an enclosure with a metallic wire mesh. The electrical characteristics of the metal mesh surface can be determined through equivalent surface impedance conversion; thus, an enclosure was manufactured after analyzing the scattering parameters of the metallic wire mesh surface. The quality factor of the enclosure can be derived simply by measuring a single standard antenna bonded by 1-port. To verify the effectiveness of the 1-port time domain quality factor derivation method, a numerical simulation was performed using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) of commercially available software CST Microwave Studio. The verified quality-factor derivation method was applied to an enclosure with a metallic wire mesh surface. A quality factor measurement experiment was performed for the case in which one side of the enclosure was in the opening surface, one side of the enclosure was a metallic wire mesh surface, and all the surfaces of the enclosure were closed with metal. Based on the measurements, the quality factor in the case of Open was the lowest at 26.82 dB, followed by 32.24 dB for the case of Mesh and 32.51 dB for the case of Closed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed the visibility phenomenon caused by the metal mesh of FMLOC under the point source illumination. We built a simulation model based on PSF of Huygens integral mode, processed the simulation results with background filtration algorithm. When there is only one graphic unit and no gap spacing between single‐cycle graphic units in FMLOC sensor pattern, the phenomena were significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a super‐fast and precise simulation algorithm capable of generating human‐visible moiré patterns, taking into account real structures with diverse patterns. The simulation of entire area of a mobile phone screen can be completed in less than 10 minutes, demonstrating a remarkable efficiency improvement of approximately 1200‐fold compared to traditional ray tracing method. The improvement comes from that we use a simplified method of calculating geometric areas instead of the first‐principles approach used in ray tracing. Based on the proposed algorithm, the moiré patterns ofAoD are optimized and the display quality is guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation and experimental studies are carried out on single‐layer and double‐layer embedded metal meshes (SLEMM and DLEMM) to assess their performance as transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The structures consist of silver meshes embedded in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). As a transparent electrode, SLEMMs exhibit a transparency of 82.7% and a sheet resistance of 0.61 Ωsq−1 as well as 91.0% and 1.49 Ωsq−1. This performance corresponds to figures of merit of 3101 and 2620, respectively. The SLEMMs achieve 48.0 dB EMI shielding efficiency (SE) in the frequency range of 8–18 GHz (X‐ and Ku‐bands) with 91% visible transmission and 56.2 dB EMI SE with 82.7% visible transmission. Samples exhibit stable performance after 1000 bending cycles with a radius of curvature of 4 mm and 60 tape test cycles. DLEMMs consist of fabricating SLEMM on opposite sides of the substrate where the distance can be varied using a spacer. Simulations are performed to investigate how varying spacer distance between two layers of metal meshes influences the EMI SE. DLEMMs are fabricated and achieved an EMI SE of 77.7 dB with 81.7% visible transmission. SLEMMs and DLEMMs may have a wide variety of applications in aerospace, medical, and military applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In stealth applications, there is a growing emphasis on the development of radar-absorbing structures that are efficient, flexible, and optically transparent. This study proposes a screen-printed metamaterial absorber (MMA) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the grounding layer, which achieves both optical transparency and flexibility. These materials and methods enhance the overall flexibility and transparency of MMA. To address the limited transparency caused by the silver nanoparticle ink for the top pattern, a metal mesh was incorporated to reduce the area ratio of the printed patterns, thereby enhancing transparency. By incrementing the fractal order of the structure, we optimized the operating frequency to target the X-band, which is most commonly used in radar detection. The proposed MMA demonstrates remarkable performance, with a measured absorption of 91.99% at 8.85 GHz and an average optical transmittance of 46.70% across the visible light spectrum (450 to 700 nm), indicating its potential for applications in transparent windows or drone stealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively improve the seismic and impact resistance performance of soft rock tunnels, a composite support method was proposed and validated in the paper. The UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) model of soft rock layers was established, and the movement and subsidence characteristics of the roof and floor of the rock layers under impact loads was simulated and calculated. As a result, a composite support scheme with good cushioning performance was proposed. The top and sides of the tunnel were supported by a combination of anchor rods of different lengths and metal mesh, reinforced by steel beams and vibration absorbing filler around. The anchor rod was designed as a segmented loading structure, and can be set to different preloading forces based on the internal deformation of the rock layer. The dynamic response testing scheme was designed, and the results indicate that the segmented loading anchor rod has a significant buffering effect on the response to impact load, and can provide reasonable tension feedback at different stages. Research has found that when the water cement ratio is 0.5-1.5, the curing efficiency and strength are both higher. In order to compare the seismic performance of composite support and traditional constant resistance anchor rod support, local blasting experiments were conducted. Based on a blasting vibration tester, a data detection and transmission system were designed to obtain the vibration speed of the tunnel roof during the vibration process. The research results show that composite support can reduce the maximum vibration by more than 40 %, stabilize the fragmentation coefficient at 1.38, and have a very significant vibration reduction effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considerable attention has been given to the advancement of ferrocement concrete beams. In 12 ferrocement beams, conventional bar reinforcing and two types of mesh were employed in place of stirrups, and the beams were tested with simple support under a centrally concentrated load. It is discussed how various reinforcing methods affect failure loads and the structural response. The utilization of mild steel bars in combination with welded metal mesh in two or three layers results in higher moment than using only welded metal mesh without upper steel bars, regardless of the specific type of welded metal mesh used. Also Flexural strength was much improved when reinforcing ferrocement beams using fiberglass steel mesh and mild steel bars instead of just mild steel stirrups. Finally we can say that mild steel reinforced with welded metal mesh exhibited the most favorable structural performanceFerrocement beams exhibited superior crack control and avoided spalling in contrast to traditional beams. Among the specimens reinforced with fiberglass mesh, those had the lowest occurrence of spalling compared to beams reinforced with welded metal mesh. One practical alternative to traditional reinforced concrete beams is thin ferrocement forms, which have several advantages and are expected to have positive effects on the environment and the economy in both developed and developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) has been a focal point for numerous interventions aimed at restoring Posidonia oceanica meadows. The success of pioneer restoration actions in France during the 1970s stimulated similar initiatives across the Mediterranean Sea. Early attempts in the Ligurian Sea were implemented in 1993 and 1996 on limited seabed areas (i.e., tens of square meters) at the two coastal sites of Sori and Rapallo (Liguria, NW Italy). No further initiatives have been reported for the Ligurian Sea until 2022. In that year, a large-scale restoration project, which uses biodegradable mats coupled with metal mesh, began in Liguria. Different levels of anthropogenic pressure and wave exposure characterize the three investigated locations: (1) Portofino, on the eastern Liguria and on the border with the Portofino Marine Protected Area; (2) Bergeggi in the central Liguria and within the Isola di Bergeggi Marine Protected Area; and (3) Sanremo in the western Liguria, without any formal protection. Despite recent setbacks caused by severe storms in late 2023, which particularly damaged the Portofino site, ongoing monitoring revealed promising survival rates. Most notably, the site in Bergeggi displayed a 90% survival rate in September 2023. Although challenges to restore P. oceanica beds persist, such as mitigating damages caused by unpredictable events, this extensive re-implantation initiative offers the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of new basin-scale restoration strategies. This approach marks an important step in the conservation of Posidonia oceanica habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constitutive model is developed to efficiently capture the nonlinear hysteretic properties of a new type of high-damping metal wire mesh (HDMWM). In the HDMWM, the metal wire mesh is woven with multi-strand twisted wires in a certain regularity. In the quasi-static test, six batches of metal wire mesh (MWM) and HDMWM specimens with different densities and varying number of strands are prepared and their mechanical properties are characterized by secant stiffness, energy consumption and loss factor. Results show that for the same density, the energy consumption and loss factor of HDMWM specimens are higher than MWM specimens by 10.69 ~ 22.83% and 44.19 ~ 48.44%, respectively. Additionally, HDMWM is found to have a higher damping level than MWM. A constitutive model is proposed that comprises a cantilever beam as the force analysis element where the change of the arc angle of the element mesh is similar to a normal distribution. The accuracy of the model is verified by error analysis, which shows that the relative percentage error between model results and test results is 0.97 ~ 12.13%. Therefore, the constitutive model can reflect the mechanical properties of HDMWM with reasonable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the notion of composite materials is thoroughly assessed. Actual and simulation in a specific computer software stress testing of hybrid composites are investigated. The paper deals with the mechanics of rigid bodies, their elasticity, strength, and stiffness. In addition to a general overview of the former's behavior and properties, this paper presents the possibility of calculating the bearing capacity of various materials in relevant computer programs. The production and testing process of the composite samples are described. The latter are then subjected to simulated tests in computer software. The main objective of this study is to compare real test results of hybrid composites, namely combined carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid-carbon fibers, aramid honeycomb, and metal mesh with the simulation findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transpiration cooling based on a porous structure has an ultra-high cooling efficiency, which is expected to be one solution to improve the cooling technology of aero-engine turbine blades. However, particulate impurities in the gas flow channel continue to deposit on the surface of turbine components, blocking cooling holes, which causes great harm to the cooling of turbine blades. In this study, a sintered metal mesh plate was selected as the transpiration cooling structure, and the evolution of particle deposition quality and deposition thickness on the transpiration cooling surface with time, as well as spatial distributions of particle deposition thickness at different times, were explored through experimental and simulation methods. The results showed that, with the increase in spray time, deposition quality and maximum deposition thickness of the transpiration cooling surface gradually increased. Along the main-stream direction, when spray time was short, deposition thickness was higher in a narrow range upstream of the experimental specimen. With the increase in spray time, deposition thickness gradually decreased along the direction of the transpiration cooling mainstream. In the spanwise direction, when spray time was very short, deposition thickness in the spanwise direction was more consistent and, after spray time increased further, the deposition thickness distribution began to tend to a "∩"-type distribution. It can be seen from the simulation results of the metal wire mesh particle deposition that particles were easily deposited on the windward side of the metal wire in the main-stream direction, which agreed with the experimental distribution characteristics of the metal wire mesh deposition. Moreover, the increase in blowing ratio reduced the deposition of particles on the wall of the metal wire mesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing demand for high‐quality Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, the design of screen structure by panel manufacturers needs to consider optical performance optimization carefully, such as Wide Angle Difference (WAD). The users hope that visual color bias of the OLED display on different angles appears as small as possible, and no red visual test will be particularly accepted. The OLED display panel is usually composed of Array substrates, OLED devices, Thin Film Encapsulation (TFE) layers, touch units, Polarizers and top cover plates. The touch units contain a metal mesh, which is distributed throughout the display screen and has a great impact on the optical performance of large viewing angles. This paper aims to clarify the optical design requirements of metal mesh and provide reference for OLED optical display designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the demand for photovoltaic technologies continues to grow, the quest for efficient and sustainable transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) rapidly rises. Traditional solutions, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), face challenges related to indium scarcity and environmental impact. To tackle these issues, a novel metal mesh rear TCE consisting of gold micro-meshes is developed as ITO replacement in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This study reveals that optimized Au meshes can guarantee 75% of the extracted photocurrent compared to reference devices with ITO and a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.65%. By utilizing hybrid mesh structures with a 10-nm ITO layer, the PCE further improves to 12.1%, with the extracted current exceeding 80% of the reference. Metal meshes can even serve to replace the opaque metal contact of PSCs, amplifying their functionality and efficiency through bifacial and multi-junction applications. Here, aerosol jet-printed silver meshes serve as front electrodes, combined with either 5–10 nm of Au, achieving efficient semi-transparent devices (PCE 16.8%), or with 5–10 nm of ITO, providing enhanced bifacial properties while maintaining competitive efficiency. Overall, this work highlights remarkable features of metal meshes, making them promising alternatives to commonly used TCEs in optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the return-airway 4204 with roof cutting in Longquan Coal Mine as the engineering background, roof structure, key parameters, and deviatoric stress evolution were studied. Conclusion: The Key Stratum within a 4–8 times mining height is considered as Near Key Stratum. Cutting the roof makes it possible to form a cantilever structure of the Key Stratum on the solid coal side, which is more conducive to the stability of gob-side roadway. During cutting angle of 90–55°, the deviatoric stress increases linearly, and the increase rate is coal pillar > solid coal > roof > floor. While cutting length from 0 to 35 m, the deviatoric stress decreases linearly, and the decreasing range: coal pillar > solid coal > roof > floor. When coal pillar width is from 30 to 4 m, the deviatoric stress of left side and floor presents a "single peak" distribution. The deviatoric stress of coal pillar changes from an asymmetric "double peak" to a bell-shaped distribution, and the deviatoric stress of roof changes from a "single peak" to an asymmetric "double peak" distribution. Under same coal pillar width, the deviatoric stress of left, coal pillar and roof after roof cutting decreases most obviously, followed by the floor. Finally, the coal pillar width is 8 m, the cutting angle is 75°, the cutting length is 20 m, and the hole spacing is 1.0 m. The support scheme is bolt + metal mesh + steel belt + anchor cable combined support. The stable period of roadway is about 10 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a broadband optical transparent antenna using a transparent conductor film on a transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The planar wide‐slot antenna coupling fed by microstrip has a wide impedance bandwidth, so it is selected to design the transparent antenna. The upper surface of the PET substrate is a microstrip line with a fork‐shaped tuning branch, and the lower surface is a wide slot. They were made of transparent conductor film. Finally, a new capacitive coupling method is used to feed the transparent antenna. The transparent conductor film used in the antenna is metal mesh, which was developed by 3M company. The metal mesh with an open area greater than 80% to achieve high transmittance. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth is 177% (0.30–5.0 GHz), and the gain of the antenna varies from 5.06 to 7.8 dBi over the entire frequency band. Therefore, it can be well applied to the current indoor mobile communication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endotracheal tube breakage during extubation is a rare complication previously reported in domestic animals, but not in zoo animals. A 9‐year‐old, male lion was anaesthetised to investigate lethargy and inappetence. Following anaesthesia, the lion was transported to its night quarter, a dedicated enclosed area for recovery. The lion was secured within the night quarter, with all personnel separated from the lion by a metal mesh fence. The lion was positioned adjacent to the fence, allowing distant monitoring and access for extubation through the fence. The silicone endotracheal tube broke during extubation. No immediate signs of airway obstruction were observed. The lion was re‐anaesthetised within the night quarter with intramuscular medetomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam administered using a pole syringe. Radiographs confirmed the presence of the broken distal endotracheal tube in the oesophagus, which was then manually retrieved with a mouth gag in place. The lion subsequently recovered with no complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synergy inhibition of wire mesh and spray mist on syngas explosion was researched. The correspondence between the explosion parameters under success and failure conditions were analyzed, and its influence regular and inhibition mechanism were revealed. An evident difference appeared in the correspondence at different synergy results. Compared with the failure, the pressure of lower end only experienced an acceleration rise under the success condition although the propagation velocity of flame was slightly increased as it approached wire mesh. Corresponding pressure was also reduced. After passing through wire mesh, flame propagation was evidently accelerated due to the turbulence disturbance caused by wire mesh despite the strong endothermic effect of mist. The corresponding explosion reaction rate was also increased. Pressures of two ends did not appear obvious change under the success condition, but the pressure of upper end was evidently reduced compared with the failure. Due to the combined effect of wire mesh disturbance and mist heat absorption, the velocity history showed a change of increasing firstly and then decreasing as the spray time increased after passing through wire mesh. The synergy inhibition was attributed to the combined physical and chemical effects, and was related to the syngas concentration and spray amount. [Display omitted] • Synergy effect of resistance/inhibition on protection of gas explosion was studied. • Correspondence between explosion parameter during success and failure was clarified. • Effects of mist amount and syngas concentration on explosion parameter were grasped. • Critical value of synergy effect for complete inhibition of explosion was proposed. • Effective engineering guidance was proposed and its synergy mechanism was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metallic mesh serves as a reflecting surface on deployable reflector antennas for satellites. Electrical properties differ for meshes with different knitting patterns. Also, pattern shapes vary at different tensions due to the elasticity of the mesh. Furthermore, mesh models for electrical performance analysis become more challenging to construct as the mesh knitting patterns become more intricate. A method based on model angles and diagonals is developed in this paper to overcome the aforementioned problems. First, procedures for building a mesh model are described. Then three mesh models of the single Atlas mesh, the single Satin mesh, and the Max mesh are built. The corresponding performance variations are observed and stabilities are compared. Moreover, the wire diameter for the mesh model is determined by measuring the reflectance of the Max mesh and comparing it with simulation results. Afterward, correlations between the reflectivity and incident angles are presented. In addition, the reflectance and transmittance at different incidence angles are measured. Measured results align well with simulated results. It verifies the accuracy of the simulated characteristics and the value of the mesh model in understanding mesh electrical properties.

Highlights A transparent, conductive, and flexible metal mesh film has been developed by a low-cost, uniform self-forming crackle template and electroplating strategy. The Cu mesh films show an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □−1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), high figure of merit (> 13,000), excellent stretchability and mechanical stability. The metal mesh film can be used as a flexible heater and electromagnetic interference shielding film (40.4 dB at 2.5 μm).

There are metal and space regions in the touch panel (TP) pattern. Their optical performance are not the same due to the difference of reflectivity. Besides, spectral response of the human eye is different to light of various wavelengths. Human have different brightness sensations for light with the same radiation power but different wavelengths, and most sensitive to the light of 555nm wavelength, which is called visual sensitivity characteristics. Thus, texture similar to touch panel pattern can be seen in specified directions. Shadowless is to eliminate or attenuate the visual differences. To achieve the desired effect, increasing the quantity of space in the metal region which can uniform the spaces distribution, adjusting the fracture mode of the space region, and adjusting the space gap are all valid ways to reduce visibility of etching pattern. Sputtering SiNx/Nb2O5 on the metal layer that is etched by hydrofluoric (HF) acid to rough the surface is also an effective method to shadowless, which can lower reflectivity on metal regions. Delta R is reduced, and pattern visible phenomenon disappears or weakens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A transparent, conductive, and flexible metal mesh film has been developed by a low-cost, uniform self-forming crackle template and electroplating strategy. The Cu mesh films show an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □−1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), high figure of merit (> 13,000), excellent stretchability and mechanical stability. The metal mesh film can be used as a flexible heater and electromagnetic interference shielding film (40.4 dB at 2.5 μm). Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, achieving a flexible EMI shielding film, while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and conductive copper (Cu) metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique. The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □−1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), and ultra-high figure of merit (> 13,000). It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability, with a resistance increases of only 1.3% after 1,000 bending cycles. As a stretchable heater (ε > 30%), the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110 °C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage. Moreover, the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5 μm. As a demonstration, it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the technical problems of frequent dynamic pressure disturbance of regenerated roof and roadway stability control in the process of forming large-section support return channel under the delamination mining, taking 1200-2 fully mechanized caving face of Baiyinhua No. 4 Mine as the engineering background, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were adopted. The overburden structure of the lower stratified caving face and the loading characteristics of the roof after the expansion are analyzed, and the breaking forms and the limiting conditions of the roof are given.The combined support scheme of anchor rod + metal mesh + steel ladder belt + I-beam insertion + suspension beam + anchor cable + single pillar is studied to form a set of safe and efficient construction support technology system. Practice shows that this scheme can effectively reduce the roof subsidence, narrow the scope of plastic failure zone, and ensure the stability of roadway surrounding rock during the support withdrawal period. Successfully complete the efficient withdrawal of hydraulic support. The research results can provide a good reference for the roof management and the smooth output of coal resources under similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent and flexible displays have garnered attention in relation to digital signage, smart windows, AR devices, and healthcare applications. In this paper, a simple, cost-effective and highly conductive form factor of a transparent and flexible LED-embedded display film is proposed. Via UV imprinting, a micro metal mesh structurally having a high aspect ratio and that features a line width of 12 µm and a thickness of 29 µm was fabricated. It exhibits transmittance of 84.6 % at 550 nm and sheet resistance of 0.124 Ω/sq. A bending test was conducted to demonstrate the flexibility resulting from the mesh structure. The fabrication of a LED-embedded display was achieved through pinnacle die punching to create a perforated region in the film. The display, which measures 10×12 cm with an integrated 8×8 LED array, was demonstrated under bending conditions within a bending radius of 30 mm. Anticipated applications encompass head-mounted displays and head-up displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a composite energy selective surface (CESS) using diode to induce VO2 is proposed. The CESS is composed of periodic metal meshes connected with PIN diodes and VO2 in rows and the CESS is embedded in a metal window. VO2 can be induced by using the properties of uneven distribution of induced electric field on the CESS and the conduction field of diode is smaller than that of VO2, so as to reduce the metal‐insulator transition field of it. When the shielding efficiency (SE) reaches 10 dB, the incident field of CESS would be reduced by 72.95% compared with the ESS using VO2 (V‐ESS). Meanwhile, compared with the ESS using diode (D‐ESS), the number of diode in CESS is reduced by 92%, greatly reducing the manufacturing cost. Furthermore, the design of CESS with different incident field when SE reaches 10 dB can be realized more flexibly according to different structures, while the maximum SE can reach 20.94 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the possibility of designing simple semitransparent antennas that allow for the passage of most visible light while maintaining good electromagnetic performance. We propose a substrateless metal mesh patch antenna manufactured using low-cost 3D printing and silver conductive paint. Our goal is to integrate numerous such radiators onto office building windows, preserving natural lighting with minimal visual impact, aiming to alleviate infrastructure congestion or improve antenna placement in sub-6 GHz frequency bands. In this paper, we conduct an analysis of the primary parameters influencing patches constructed with substrateless metal mesh wires, focusing on the grid topology and the width of the metallic wires, as well as their effects on antenna transparency and back radiation. Owing to the absence of a substrate, the antenna demonstrates minimal losses. Furthermore, in this study, we thoroughly investigate the effects of conductivity and roughness on surfaces printed with metallic paint. A prototype at 2.6 GHz is presented, achieving over 60% transparency, a 2.7% impedance-matching bandwidth, and a realized peak gain of 5.4 dBi. The antenna is easy to manufacture and cost-effective and considers sustainability. Its large-scale implementation can alleviate building infrastructure, enhancing radio connectivity in urban environments and offering new cost-effective and energy-efficient wireless solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are indispensable components of various optoelectronic devices such as displays, touch screen panels, solar cells, and smart windows. To date, the fabrication processes for metal mesh‐based TCEs are either costly or having limited resolution and throughput. Here, a two‐step surface energy‐directed assembly (SEDA) process to efficiently fabricate high resolution silver meshes is introduced. The two‐step SEDA process turns from assembly on a functionalized substrate with hydrophilic mesh patterns into assembly on a functionalized substrate with stripe patterns. During the SEDA process, a three‐phase contact line pins on the hydrophilic pattern regions while recedes on the hydrophobic non‐pattern regions, ensuring that the assembly process can be achieved with excellent selectivity. The necessity of using the two‐step SEDA process rather than a one‐step SEDA process is demonstrated by both experimental results and theoretical analysis. Utilizing the two‐step SEDA process, silver meshes with a line width down to 2 µm are assembled on both rigid and flexible substrates. The thickness of the silver meshes can be tuned by varying the withdraw speed and the assembly times. The assembled silver meshes exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties (sheet resistance of 1.79 Ω/□, optical transmittance of ≈92%, and a FoM value of 2465) as well as excellent mechanical stability. The applications of the assembled silver meshes in touch screen panels and thermal heaters are demonstrated, implying the potential of using the two‐step SEDA process for the fabrication of TCEs for optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined support scheme was proposed to address the issue of large deformation in the deep soft rock roadway at the Tangkou coal mine in Shanxi Province, China. This support scheme includes high constant resistance, elongation, and prestressed negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) bolts as the core element, along with metal mesh, shotcrete, cable, and bottom angle grouting bolt. A numerical simulation test using Flac3D was conducted to verify the feasibility of the NPR bolt-anchored soft rock roadway. In addition, a constitutive model for a rock mass supported by NPR bolts was established. The model is based on a parallel model of a generalised Kelvin body and elastic–viscous sliding body, which was used to reveal the mechanical behaviour of an NPR bolt-anchored rock mass. The results showed that the stress–strain relationship of the NPR bolt-anchored rock mass was obtained as a piecewise function consisting of the initial, slipping, and sticking stages. The stress and strain of the NPR bolt-anchored rock mass exhibit distinct patterns under different stress conditions. Specifically, when the stress remains constant, the strain of the NPR bolt-anchored rock mass increases continuously while the stress decreases in a step-like manner. On the other hand, when the stress increases linearly with time, the strain of the anchored rock mass increases linearly, while the stress of the anchorage rock mass increases slowly in a sawtooth pattern. Furthermore, a field support test fully confirmed the effective control of the NPR bolt support on the large deformations of soft rock roadways. These findings can guide further theoretical research, engineering design, and field applications of NPR bolt-anchored rock masses. Highlights: A new combined support scheme is proposed using the NPR bolt as the core. The mechanical behaviour of an NPR bolt-anchored rock mass is revealed. Both numerical simulations and field tests demonstrated that the combined support scheme effectively controls the large deformations of soft rock roadways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aeolian sand-box backfilling method proves effective for environmentally friendly coal extraction in northwestern regions, including Xinjiang. This study investigated the geomechanical characteristics of aeolian sand-box backfill material and its control effects on overlying strata through indoor experiments, mechanical analysis, and numerical simulations. Uniaxial compression tests on models with varying mesh sizes, wire diameters, and dimensions revealed that larger mesh sizes and wire diameters increased the bearing capacity of the aeolian sand-box backfill material, while increasing dimensions had the opposite effect. A mechanical analysis of the metal mesh box deformation produced equations describing its restraining force. Subsequent experiments and simulations on models of different dimensions consistently demonstrated the material's mechanical properties, with stress-displacement curves closely aligned. 3DEC5.2 software simulations highlighted the effectiveness of aeolian sand-box backfill material in controlling displacement and stress variations in goaf areas. Notably, smaller-sized backfill material exhibited a more pronounced impact on controlling overlying strata displacement and stress development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]