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Copyright of Orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle (OSP) is the property of Institut National d'Etude du Travail et d'Orientation Professionnelle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’entreprise occupe une place centrale dans le tissu économique de chaque pays. C’est pourquoi, préserver sa pérennité et sa performance s’avère vitale et important. En effet, de nombreux travaux de recherche se sont intéressés à cette question pour des entreprises industrielles, mais en marginalisant celles de services. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux études qui ont tenté de déterminer les indicateurs de mesure de la performance des entreprises d’assurance en termes financiers. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre indicatif de l’entreprise d’assurance dont la performance financière suffit amplement pour montrer l’efficience et l’efficacité dans son exploitation. Dans cet article, notre contribution réside à l’évaluation de capacité financière des entreprises d’assurance à indemniser les sinistres dans le contexte congolais. Ainsi, plusieurs indicateurs financiers ont été calculés, avec un résultat qui révèle que sur 100 sinistres, le nombre des sinistres que la SONAS a la capacité d’indemniser est de loin inférieur à ceux qu’elle ne peut pas indemniser ; ce qui montre que la SONAS est loin d’être performante depuis que le secteur des assurances en RDC a été libéralisé.

Le but de cet article est de présenter la validation en français d'une échelle de sentiment d'efficacité personnelle. Nous avons créé une échelle de neuf items que nous avons fait passer à 170 étudiants (25 femmes et 145 hommes d'âge moyen 19,46 ans) scolarisés en France en première ou deuxième année de classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles (CPGE) scientifiques. Les résultats sont en faveur d'une solution factorielle hiérarchique avec un facteur général de second ordre et deux facteurs de premier ordre. L'analyse de validité prédictive réplique des résultats déjà présents dans la littérature lorsque l'on établit des liens entre variables conatives et performances académiques. Les estimations de cohérence interne sont élevées et correspondent aux recommandations de la littérature. Nos résultats donnent suffisamment de preuves de validité et de fidélité. Au vu des bonnes qualités psychométriques de l'échelle, nous la recommandons pour une utilisation appliquée et dans la recherche, par exemple dans le cadre d'un protocole d'accompagnement des étudiants. The aim of this study is to present the validation in French of a self-efficacy scale. We created nine items and proposed this scale to 170 French (25 women and 145 men, average age 19.46) students in first and second year in scientific preparatory classes for selective postgraduate schools. A hierarchical factor solution with one common factor and two primary factors was retained. The analysis of predictive validity replicates results observed in the literature when the paths between conative variables and academic performance are investigated. Internal consistency coefficients are high and correspond to the recommended values in the literature. Our research provides sufficient evidence of validity and fidelity. Given the good psychometric qualities of the scale, we recommend it for applied use and research in particular to build support protocols for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of this study, we developed a survey in which we focus on employees' experience of inclusion in their workplaces. We assessed the impact of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) policies on the respondents' perceptions of the workplace. Our results indicated that organizations with EDI policies are more likely to be perceived as positive work environments. Moreover, we find that the perception of the workplace differs according to individuals and their identities. These results confirm, on the one hand, that the development of EDI policies is worthwhile. On the other hand, employers must pay more attention to their employees' experiences in order to better understand their realities, particularly with regard to the various identities (perceived, real or supposed) and associated stigmas and stereotypes. The narrative component of our survey provides an overview of elements that are critical to understanding the issues that we investigated, but that are often missing from traditional surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African & Mediterranean Journal of Architecture & Urbanism (AMJAU) is the property of Ecole Nationale d'Architecture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Les agences de notation spécialisées dans l'évaluation des pratiques des entreprises en matière environnementale, sociale et de gouvernance (ESG) sont des partenaires importants pour les acteurs de l'investissement responsable, qu'elles alimentent en données extrafinancières. Si la question des indicateurs ESG a déjà été traitée dans la littérature, la façon d'évaluer le travail décent est peu documentée. Les auteurs observent les pratiques de six agences de notation ESG pour comprendre comment ces organismes mesurent et évaluent la performance en matière de travail décent, et avec quelles difficultés, et pour déterminer si l'investissement responsable et les notations ESG peuvent véritablement promouvoir le travail décent dans les entreprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the construction and validation of the "Scale of Social Problems in Chile". The scale was developed considering the main social issues at a national and municipal level. The instrument was validated using quantitative methodology, with a nonexperimental cross-sectional design. The participants were 456 residents of the Valparaíso municipality, Chile. Cases were selected using quota sampling to reflect the demographic composition of the region in terms of the sex and age groups found in the municipality. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V24.0, while confirmatory factor analysis was performed with R console and the Rcmdr interface. These analyses made it possible to establish that the factor structure of the scale differentiates national problems from local ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of this study, we developed a survey in which we focus on employees’ experience of inclusion in their workplaces. We assessed the impact of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) policies on the respondents’ perceptions of the workplace. Our results indicated that organizations with EDI policies are more likely to be perceived as positive work environments. Moreover, we find that the perception of the workplace differs according to individuals and their identities. These results confirm, on the one hand, that the development of EDI policies is worthwhile. On the other hand, employers must pay more attention to their employees’ experiences in order to better understand their realities, particularly with regard to the various identities (perceived, real or supposed) and associated stigmas and stereotypes. The narrative component of our survey provides an overview of elements that are critical to understanding the issues that we investigated, but that are often missing from traditional surveys.

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of El-Bahith is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Researches reveals that the robust understanding of fractions shapes students' future mathematics performance and that their fraction knowledge may depend on how it is taught. Researchers report that teaching fractions from a measuring perspective can promote students' conceptual understandings. We investigate this hypothesis with brazilian elementary school students and use the pedagogical approach, 4A Instructional Model. Results reveal that the students demonstrated conceptual knowledge about the magnitude comparison of fractions and the construction of equivalence of fractions. They were able evoke mental images of this content and write competently mathematical expressions of fraction magnitude comparisons. Further research is needed to investigate how the measuring perspective taught through the 4A Instructional Model influences students' understanding about the arithmetic operations of fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are highly regarded and treasured as the future of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Developmental disorders, however, are more frequently undiagnosed and untreated in AIAN children compared to others in the United States. Developmental screening can help communities ensure that their children reach their full potential, but lack of culturally sensitive and valid screening measures complicates screening among AIAN children. This can, in turn, delay access to early intervention and undermine the ability of AIAN communities to support children's optimal development. This study explored families' and professionals' perceptions of screening systems and processes in AIAN communities and to identify gaps and opportunities. A total of 53 interviews and 23 focus groups were conducted with 157 parents and early childcare professionals in four AIAN communities. A conceptual framework to describe systems of screening for young children was developed by AIAN early childhood program partners and early childhood researchers working together on a Tribal Early Childhood Research Center Community of Learning; this framework guided study design and interview guides. Transcripts were coded for themes in alignment with the conceptual framework; 13 key themes and 81 subthemes were identified. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for enhancing screening efforts in Tribal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physiotherapy Canada is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alors qu’une pandémie dévastatrice affecte le monde entier, il est essentiel que les décideurs tiennent compte des problèmes de méthodologie et de mesure qui pourraient être associés aux indicateurs de santé publique de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Ce commentaire comprend quatre variables principales pour illustrer les questions de mesure et de méthodologie qui peuvent compliquer les comparaisons entre les administrations. L’administration désigne une variété de régions géographiques, comme un pays, un État, une province ou un territoire. Ces variables jouent un rôle essentiel dans la façon dont nous comprenons la trajectoire de la propagation de la maladie. Ces variables contribuent également à notre compréhension des stratégies de prévention et de leur efficacité connexe, reflétant l’impact de la COVID-19 sur les hôpitaux. Il est essentiel que les intervenants en santé publique et le public reconnaissent que ces quatre simples variables peuvent varier considérablement d’une administration à l’autre.

Copyright of Topiques, Études Satoriennes is the property of Topiques, Études Satoriennes, Journal of the SATOR (Société d'Analyse la Topique Romanesque) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous studies have found that immigrants to Canada are less satisfied with life than comparable Canadian-born individuals. Yet recent data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) suggest that this immigrant satisfaction gap may be disappearing. This article traces the evolution of the immigrant–Canadian born life satisfaction gap from 2009 to 2018 and explores two competing explanations for the declining gap: improved immigrant outcomes and changes to the CCHS design introduced in 2015–2016. The article finds little evidence for the improved outcomes explanation. Indeed, the immigrant satisfaction gap is somewhat illusory—the more substantial gap is between the life satisfaction of White individuals and that of members of certain racialized groups, regardless of immigration status. The 2015–2016 CCHS redesign, however, may be a plausible explanation for the increase in reported life satisfaction. This article provides more evidence that researchers using life satisfaction measures need to be cautious when survey designs change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to theoretical and methodological discussions about the conceptualization, measurement, and identification of predictors of fear of crime in the Brazilian context. Based on survey data collected in São Paulo city in 2015, we worked with a fear of crime construct covering emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Using Multiple Regressions and Structural Equation Modeling we verify the relation between each one of these components and explanatory variables informed by individual aspects (sociodemographic variables) experiences of victimization (direct and indirect) and contextual aspects (perceptions of disorder and social cohesion). The results highlight the complex and multidetermined nature of the phenomenon studied and support the importance of a broader measurement perspective. The analysis also reveals the influence of predictors such as gender, perceived neighborhood disorder, low social cohesion, indirect victimization, age, education, and socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the study were to determine the psychometric properties of the Scale of Attitudes towards Statistics in Mexico. In this instrumental study, a non-probabilistic sample of 383 Mexican psychology students who responded to two attitude scales was analyzed. The bifactor model with three specific factors (safety, pleasure-usefulness, and motivation) showed the best properties of fit and convergent validity. The average attitude was neutral and more positive in men than in women. The general factor had a high correlation with attitude towards research. It is concluded that the three-factor bifactor model represents the relationship between the items better than the original five-factor model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innovar: Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

لقد شكل البحث في المنهج مادة اشتغال كثيرمن الفلاسفة، بل إن الفلسفة كانت دائمًا تحلم بأن تسود العلوم من خلال المناهج التي توفرها لها، لكن مع انفصال مختلف العلوم عنها وتشكيلها لمناهجها المختلفة، طرحت مسألة المنهج الأكثر ملائمة للوصول إلى الحقيقة للنقاش، بل هناك من دعا إلى التخلي عنها جميعًا لصالح اللا منهج، ومن هؤلاء "بول فيرابند" الذي عمل على تثبيط الزعم بضرورة الاعتماد على منهج محدد في العلم، وذلك بالرجوع إلى تفحص تاريخ العلم، حيث تبين له بأنلا وجودثمة (لمنهجعلمي) إذ لا يوجد إجراء وحيد، أو مجموعة من القواعد تشكل أساسًا ثابتًا لكل نموذج بحث، وضمانًا لأن يكون بحثًا علميًا، ومن ثم، لأن نضع ثقتنا فيه، فكل مشروع وكل نظرية وكل إجراء إنما يخضع في الحكم عليه إلى أهليته الخاصة، عنطريق معايير لابد وأن تكون متكيفة مع العمليات التي يبحث فيها، فلا وجود لمنهج واحد يمكن للعلم الاعتماد عليه من أجل ضبط موضوع بحثه.

Self-multiplicity models posit that clients will tend to arrive in therapy with "warring" sub-selves (expressed in fluctuating, contradictory or extreme self-reports), and that effective therapy will result in a more integrated sense of self in which different parts or positions are able to engage in dialogue (thus yielding more stable self-reports). The topic of failure is highly relevant to an understanding of paradoxical outcome because the illusory mental health model predicts that a significant proportion of apparent failure cases represent therapies in which the client recorded an illusory low symptom score pre-therapy, and then could only get worse (in terms of the measure). In some therapy clinics, client intake scores on brief symptom measures are used as screening devices, with clients with low scores being denied access to treatment and clients with high scores being seen immediately. These were cases in which the client was categorised as a good outcome in terms of pre- and post-therapy measures, but expressed considerable dissatisfaction with therapy in an interview conducted after therapy had been completed. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Science Information is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presence in virtual environments (i.e. the feeling of being in a place in which the user is not actually) has been the subject of many researches based on subjective questionnaire measures. The aim of this contribution is to examine the relevance of these measures. This review is based on two methods. The first is to conduct an analysis of academic publications proposing the creation of a scale for measuring presence based on an examination of the validity of content and the relevance of the statistical procedures used in the studies. The second is to attempt to estimate the limits of an approach based primarily on statistical procedures by examining the results of alternative models based on structural equations modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversité Urbaine is the property of Chaire BMO en diversite et gouvernance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background.: Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome of occupational therapy practice. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts the individual throughout their lifespan and may substantially affect QoL. Measuring QoL of people with ASD presents a challenge and a debate whether to use general versus disability-specific adapted measures. Purpose.: This paper aims to (a) revisit the construct of QoL and discuss specific dilemmas pertaining to its measurement, and (b) discuss implications to the assessment of QoL in individuals with ASD while highlighting the potential contribution of occupational therapy to the development of measures. Key Issues.: We suggest adding the domain of accessibility into QoL assessments, including, physical, sensory, social, and cognitive aspects, and to use disability-specific QoL measures. Implications.: The paper presents a call for occupational therapists to be involved in developing specific ASD disability-oriented measures that consider the unique characteristics of the disorder and environmental supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches en Sciences de Gestion is the property of ISEOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Over time, we have seen a major evolution of measurement initiatives, indicators and methods, such that today a wide range of maternal and perinatal indicators are monitored and new indicators are under development. Monitoring global progress in maternal and newborn health outcomes and development has been dominated in recent decades by efforts to set, measure and achieve global goals and targets: the Millennium Development Goals followed by the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper aims to review, reflect and learn on accelerated progress towards global goals and events, including universal health coverage, and better tracking of maternal and newborn health outcomes.Methods: We searched for literature of key events and global initiatives over recent decades related to maternal and newborn health. The searches were conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and the World Health Organization Global Index Medicus.Results: This paper describes global key events and initiatives over recent decades showing how maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, and stillbirths, have been viewed, when they have achieved higher priority on the global agenda, and how they have been measured, monitored and reported. Despite substantial improvements, the enormous maternal and newborn health disparities that persist within and between countries indicate the urgent need to renew the focus on reducing inequities.Conclusion: The review has featured the long story of the progress in monitoring improving maternal and newborn health outcomes, but has also underlined current gaps and significant inequities. The many global initiatives described in this paper have highlighted the magnitude of the problems and have built the political momentum over the years for effectively addressing maternal and newborn health and well-being, with particular focus on improved measurement and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the L2 fluency literature there is considerable debate over how best to operationally define pauses and how different pause measures relate to L2 proficiency. This creates a challenge for researchers interested in L2 fluency, and particularly those who are working with groups that vary in L2 proficiency. This article addresses these issues by examining oral production data from 48 learners of Spanish (L1 English) to evaluate which pause measures best serve as markers of fluency. Different pause measures were analyzed – per 100 syllables/per minute, duration, type (filled/unfilled) and location (in the middle or at the end of a clause) – along with their relationship to L2 proficiency. Proficiency was operationalized as a composite language knowledge score from L2 grammar and vocabulary tests. Correlational and regression analyses were then carried out to determine how different pause measures account for variability in the proficiency scores. The findings show that longer pauses (of 1 second or longer) are better predictors of L2 proficiency than shorter pauses, unfilled pauses are a stronger predictor of L2 proficiency than filled pauses, and mid-clause pauses distinguish between proficiency levels more clearly than do end-of-clause pauses. The results will serve to guide researchers in determining which pause measure best corresponds to their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'étude porte sur l'inobservation du salaire minimum dans dix pays d'Europe centrale et orientale dotés de cette institution. Les auteurs estiment la fréquence et la gravité des infractions à partir des données de l'EU‐SILC (2003–2012), en reprenant la méthode de Bhorat, Kanbur et Mayet (2013). Ils tiennent compte dans leurs régressions des caractéristiques individuelles, des caractéristiques de l'emploi et des données macroéconomiques. Les infractions restent relativement peu fréquentes mais touchent d'abord les groupes que les politiques de salaire minimum devraient protéger. Par ailleurs, la hausse du rapport entre salaire minimum et salaire moyen dans le temps s'accompagne d'une hausse de la fréquence des infractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The procedure of establishing a measure of an attribute consists of the assignment of numbers to objects whose attributes show some variability according to rules. These rules are chosen so that the assigned numbers contain some 'information' about the differing variants of the attribute. In the article, we discuss a heuristic, a scaling, and a representational approach. Within the heuristic approach, rules can be based on a verbal argument heuristically linking the variability in the attribute to differences in the measurements. In this case, the specific information that is represented by the measurements is very hard to determine due to the lack of a formal model. Within the scaling approach, a formal model is used to derive rules for the assignment of numbers to the variants of the attribute. From a scaling model, conclusions about the specific information assumed to be represented in the measurements can be derived. Both approaches depend on the assumption that there is something to measure, namely that the attribute that is going to be measured exists in a realm different from the numerical one. Within the representational approach, one tries to clarify what conditions must be met by an attribute to be considered measurable so that relations between the measurements can be interpreted as reflecting relations between the variants of the attribute. By specifying the conditions an attribute must meet to be measurable at all, measurement theory opens an alternative way to rules and thus to measurements. Following this approach, it is no longer necessary only to assume that there is some measurable attribute, but one can find out whether this indeed is the case. Moreover, the interdependence of the definition of an attribute and its measurability, as well as the role theory plays in defining certain attributes, can be clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution seeks to provide a more detailed insight into the entanglement of value and measurement. Drawing on insights from semiotics and a Bourdieusian perspective on language as an economy of linguistic exchange, we develop the theoretical concept of value-measurement links and distinguish three processes – operationalisation, nomination, and indetermination – as forms in which these links can be constructed. We illustrate these three processes using (e)valuation practices in science, particularly the journal impact factor, as an empirical object of investigation. As this example illustrates, measured values can function as building blocks for further measurements, and thus establish chains of evaluations, where it becomes more and more obscure which values the measurements actually express. We conclude that in the case of measured values such as impact factors, these chains are driven by the interplay between the interpretative openness of language and the seeming tendency of numbers to fixate meaning thus continually re-creating, transforming and modifying values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue des Sciences de l'Education is the property of Revue des Sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)