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Objective : The purpose of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the relationship between the degree of bilateral impacted mandibular third molar (IM3M) angulation and the mandibular dental arch parameters in normal skeletal and dental malocclusion patients. Materials and methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional comparative study, 120 adult subjects' cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were three-dimensionally analyzed. The sample included 120 adults aged 20–30 years, with a gender distribution of 51 male and 69 female participants. The sample was divided into 100 adults with bilateral IM3M (study group) and 20 adults with normal bilateral erupted M3M (control group). The study group was sub-divided into three groups according to the degree of IM3M buccolingual angulation (BL°): group A, < 12° on the center of the ridge (N = 30), group B, 12–24° off-center of the ridge (N = 40), group C, > 24° off-center of the ridge (N = 30). The study group was also sub-divided into two groups according to IM3M mesiodistal angulation (MD°): group 1 from 10 to 45° (N = 36), group 2 > 45° (N = 64). Comparison within and between groups was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The correlation between IM3M, BL, and MD angulation and the mandibular arch parameter was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between the IM3M BL° and anterior teeth inclination, arch length (AL), and inter-second molar width (inter 2nd MW) as well as between the IM3M MD° with anterior crowding and the arch length (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between IM3M BL° and anterior teeth inclination and between IM3M MD° and anterior teeth crowding and inter 2nd MW. A significant negative correlation was observed between IM3M BL° and inter 1st MW and 2nd MW. Conclusion: The degree of buccolingual and mesiodistal angulation of the impacted mandibular third molars was related with mandibular dentoalveolar changes. Increased buccolingual angulation is generally associated with increased anterior teeth inclination and decreased 1st and 2nd inter-molar width. The increase in mesiodistal angulations was generally related with increased anterior teeth crowding and 2nd inter-molar width. Clinical relevance: Assessment of the relationship between the impacted mandibular third molars and the degree of arch discrepancy, and the position of mandibular incisors in the three planes of space might help in the decision-making process for the extraction of the impacted third molars in adult patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teeth due to their peculiar structure and composition are the most durable elements of animal bodies and therefore the most common osteological remains in collections. The abundance of teeth in collections means that they are subject to extensive research that today constitutes a well-defined discipline called Odontology. Fortunately, through appropriate anatomical and comparative studies teeth can be informative about phylogenetic history and evolutionary mechanisms of species. Variations in teeth, including dimensional variations, are commonly used in physical anthropology as a powerful diagnostic tool. This paper aims to provide a free database of adult human tooth measurements. The database consists of a series of maxilla and mandible mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters (711 measures) taken on the premolars and molars from 19 Sicilian sites that belong to the Mesolithic up to modern times. It is not our intention, at this time, to provide an extensive ontological study. Instead, we illustrate with a simple example of how the database can be used. The example shows the database is reliable and reproducible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In the South Indian population, an odontometric analysis was performed with the older age group (18 to 60 years) and using the dimensionally stable polyvinyl siloxane elastomeric impression material (PVS) that can create minute detail replicas of tooth structure. Both measurements of buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of all permanent teeth (except third molars) were taken with a digital vernier calliper on 400 dental models as a reference sample and 80 dental models as a test sample, with the data from the reference samples subjected to an independent samples t test and stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results Independent samples t test divulged that canines were the most sexually dimorphic teeth followed by buccolingual dimensions of central and lateral incisors. All tooth variables were found greater in males, i.e. 56/56 (100%), whereas stepwise logistic regression analysis formula disclosed that the prediction accuracy in the age group of 18 to 39 years was 91%, 85% and 73% using the teeth from both the jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively; similarly, in the age group of 40 to 60 years, it was 85%, 84% and 83% using teeth from both jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively; finally, in the overall age group of 18 to 60 years, it was 83% and 75% using teeth from both jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively. The mean percentage of sex dimorphism was found high in South Indian dentition compared with other populations. Conclusions Nonetheless, the accuracy of the results obtained can be considered moderate to high, and sexing can be achieved using regression formulas for each age group, which reflects demographic diversity.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomic crowns of the maxillary and mandibular dentition concerning the mesiodistal, buccolingual measurements which will be used to establish normative data as a part of comprehensive study being carried out to determine the depth of the cervical abrasion (CA) of the individuals by predicting the CA Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) score. Materials and Methods: A newly developed instrument termed as CAITN probe was used to measure CA of the tooth more quantitatively. The mesiodistal and buccolingual width of all the 14 maxillary and mandibular teeth from the right second permanent molar to the left second permanent molar of the study sample was measured. The ratio between buccolingual and mesiodistal measurements of each tooth of the maxillary and mandibular arch of the study sample (n=100) was also determined. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 software. Results: Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group independently. The statistical significance of the difference in mean in mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters between males and females was calculated using the t-test for independent samples with p < 0.05. The ratio was highest in the left second premolar (1.752) and least in the right central incisor (0.980) of the maxillary arch. Similarly, the ratio was highest in the left central incisor (1.723) and least in the left second molar (0.910) of the mandibular arch. Conclusion: The present study was conducted as an initial step in the process of development of the novel tool or index enabling the dentists to organize the health-care needs of their patients by facilitating standardized identification of CA with objective measurements used for epidemiological or community purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the South Indian population, an odontometric analysis was performed with the older age group (18 to 60 years) and using the dimensionally stable polyvinyl siloxane elastomeric impression material (PVS) that can create minute detail replicas of tooth structure. Both measurements of buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of all permanent teeth (except third molars) were taken with a digital vernier calliper on 400 dental models as a reference sample and 80 dental models as a test sample, with the data from the reference samples subjected to an independent samples t test and stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: Independent samples t test divulged that canines were the most sexually dimorphic teeth followed by buccolingual dimensions of central and lateral incisors. All tooth variables were found greater in males, i.e. 56/56 (100%), whereas stepwise logistic regression analysis formula disclosed that the prediction accuracy in the age group of 18 to 39 years was 91%, 85% and 73% using the teeth from both the jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively; similarly, in the age group of 40 to 60 years, it was 85%, 84% and 83% using teeth from both jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively; finally, in the overall age group of 18 to 60 years, it was 83% and 75% using teeth from both jaws, maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth respectively. The mean percentage of sex dimorphism was found high in South Indian dentition compared with other populations. Conclusions: Nonetheless, the accuracy of the results obtained can be considered moderate to high, and sexing can be achieved using regression formulas for each age group, which reflects demographic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexual dimorphism is the condition where whether the specific body part or the whole body of two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics except for the differences in primary sexual organs. Teeth are helpful in determining the sex, stature, race, age etc. same as bony tissues when identification is not possible from rest of the body. Most of the studies conducted earlier are on mandibular dental tissue and literature is sparse on evaluation of maxillary area. We decided to conduct the study on maxillary teeth. Aims and Objectives: To find the correlation between mesiodistal dimension of permanent maxillary incisors and canines with the gender. Methods: The study was conducted in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology department, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU. The objective of the study was For the study sample of 100 individuals were taken out of which 50 were male and 50 female, all in the age group of 17-25 years of age. For measuring the dimension of teeth there comes mesiodistal, Buccolingual, labiolingual, crown heights, diagonal length etc. dimensions, but for our study we selected mesiodistal dimension. Subjects were taken according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were statistically analysed and compared with other studies. Results: The study revealed about the definite association between mesiodistal dimensions of anterior maxillary permanent teeth and gender. Conclusions: The results showed a positive correlation between the width and sexual dimorphism in maxillary canines, incisors and other teeth. Male teeth were greater in width as compared to female teeth in Indian population. More studies with larger number of subjects would be required to establish a proper correlation between maxillary dentition and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present cross sectional study was conducted on students of south Indian states of SSIMSRC, Davangere. A study casts of 200 was taken (104 males and 96 females) in the age group of {18-25} years. The Mesiodistal and Buccolingual diameters of first and second permanent molars of both maxillary and mandible were measured on the study casts, using sliding verneir callipers. The buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions measured, in both maxillary and mandibular molars, showed higher values in males compared to that of females. Amongst the parameters studied, the buccolingual dimensions of maxillary molars showed highest sexual dimorphism with an accuracy of 82.1% and the mesiodistal dimension exhibited least sexual dimorphism. In present study showed that the maxillary molars exhibited highest percentage of dimorphism, compared to the dimensions of mandibular molars, the existence of statistically significant sexual dimorphism in maxillary molars especially the first maxillary molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in the implant thread shape and occlusal load behavior may result in significant changes in the biological and mechanical properties of dental implants and surrounding bone tissue. Most previous studies consider a single implant thread design, an isotropic bone structure, and a static occlusal load. However, the effects of different thread designs, bone material properties, and loading conditions are important concerns in clinical practice. Accordingly, the present study performs Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations to investigate the static, quasi-static and dynamic response of the implant and implanted bone material under various thread designs and occlusal loading directions (buccal-lingual, mesiodistal and apical). The simulations focus specifically on the von Mises stress, displacement, shear stress, compressive stress, and tensile stress within the implant and the surrounding bone. The results show that the thread design and occlusal loading rate have a significant effect on the stress distribution and deformation of the implant and bone structure during clinical applications. Overall, the results provide a useful insight into the design of enhanced dental implants for an improved load transfer efficiency and success rate.

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Background: This study aimed to compare mesiodistal measurements of single implant sites on cone beam CT (CBCT) panoramic images generated at different horizontal levels. Materials and Methods: CBCT images for 101 single implant sites of 66 patients referred for pre-surgical radiographic dental implant planning were selected for the study. In addition to automatic horizontal level determined by the CBCT software, panoramic images were generated at three different horizontal levels (central incisal edges, crest of the ridge at the implant site, and apices of central incisors) at jaw of interest and mesiodistal measurements were performed by two observers. The measurements were averaged and differences in the means were compared using repeated measures analysis and Bonferroni multiple comparison test. Results: The mean values of mesiodistal measurements at the automatic horizontal level and apices of central incisors level were significantly lower than the mean values at central incisal edges level and crest of the ridge level (8.09, 8.02, 8.54, 8.51 mm respectively). Conclusions: CBCT Panoramic images generated at different horizontal levels can yield different mesiodistal measurements of single implant sites, and further studies with a gold standard need to be conducted to determine the horizontal level of choice.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak Indonesia ras Mongoloid dan membandingkan ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak Indonesia ras Mongoloid tersebut dengan ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak Jepang. Bahan yang digunakan adalah model gigi dari gips, 95 anak laki dan perempuan ras Mongoloid yang tinggal di Jakarta dan 42 anak laki dan perempuan Jepang yang datang ke klinik kedokteran gigi anak Universitas Kyushu Jepang. Pemilihan dilakukan secara potong silang dari populasi berusia dari 3 tahun 6 bulan sampai 6 tahun 6 bulan untuk kedua kelompok etnik. Pada anak Indonesia ras Mongoloig menunjukkan ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak laki berbeda bermaka lebih besar dari ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak perempuan pada molar pertama sulung rahang atas dan molar kedua sulung rahang bawah. Pada anak Jepang ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak laki berbeda bermakna lebih besar dari ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak perempuan pada molar pertama sulung rahang atas dan rahang bawah. Perbandingan antara dua kelompok etnik menunjukkan anak Indonesia ras Mongoloid mempunyai ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung berbeda bermakna lebih besar dari ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi sulung anak Jepang pada kaninus sulung rahang bawah dari anak laki dan insisif lateral, molar pertama sulung rahang atas, insisif sentral ,insisif lateral, kaninus sulung rahang bawah dari anak perempuan.

Aim The prime aim of the study was to generate a new formula to predict mesiodistal width of maxillary canines. Materials and methods The selected sample consisted of 128 subjects with the ages ranged from 18 to 24 years. A total of 1024 variables were measured. Dental models of each subject for maxillary and mandibular arches were scanned via digital stereomicroscope for the fabrication of the digital models the mesiodistal and buccolingual width of maxillary and mandibular canines were carried out via digital models. Results Highly positive correlation was found between mesio-distal width of maxillary and mandibular canines with an establishment of valid clinical prediction of mesio-distal width of maxillary permanent canines depending on their corresponding mandibular canines in each gender. The new formula was developed for the prediction of mesiodistal width of maxillary canine (MDMaxC) from the mesio distal mandibular canine width (MDMCW) as Y = 3.060 + 0.696 × (MDMCW), Y = 3.867 +0.589 × (MDMCW), Y = 3.517 + 0.607 × (MDMCW). The new formula was developed for prediction of MDMaxC from BLMCW as Y = 6.015 + 0.281 × (BLMCW), Y = 6.569 + 0.213 × (BLMCW), Y = 6.250 + 0.229 × (BLMCW). Conclusions These formulas will be helpful for the clinical treatment planning in orthodontic, prosthodontics, and restorative dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to provide, for a Jordanian population, the first norms of the faciolingual diameters of the permanent dentition and the mesiodistal diameters of the second molars and to provide and review previously published data on the mesiodistal diameters of the permanent teeth up to the first molars in order to investigate any secular trends. Design: Mesiodistal and faciolingual diameters of the permanent teeth were manually measured on 204 archival pretreatment study casts of adolescents (80 males and 124 females) aged 11-18 years. SPSS (version 16) was used to generate descriptive statistics and investigate the statistically significant differences between right and left sides and between sexes. Results: Males had larger teeth than females, significantly in the mesiodistal dimension and less significantly in the faciolingual dimension. Moreover, in the faciolingual dimension, there was a wider variation in anterior compared with posterior teeth and in males compared with females while the variations were more consistent mesiodistally between anterior and posterior teeth and between sexes. There were some secular trends in the mesiodistal permanent tooth diameters of Jordanians toward a slight reduction and wider variation in tooth size and a slight reduction in sexual dimorphism. Conclusions: the present study has established the first norms of the faciolingual permanent tooth diameters for a Jordanian population which were consistent with corresponding norms that have been published for few other populations. In addition, the present study has provided norms of the mesiodistal permanent tooth diameters of a Jordanian population that are newer and more complete than the previously published norms. It is anticipated that the new norms presented will be utilized in various clinical disciplines of dentistry, in basic dental research, in forensic odontology and in anthropological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the stature using odontometric measurement of mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth. Introduction: The tooth size standard based on odontometric investigation can be used in age and sex. Hence, a study was planned to measure the mesiodistal width of six anterior natural teeth. It also investigates the variation in the size of the left and right maxillary anterior teeth between men and women. The ideal dimension of teeth varies from person to person. In forensic investigations of such cases, estimation of stature becomes equally important along with other identification parameters such as age, sex, and race. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in 50 males and 50 female subjects. The height of male and female subjects was measured using stadiometer. Measurement of mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth was measured using vernier caliper. The observed values are correlated with each other and association between the two parameters was analysed and interpreted. Results: It was observed that the average height of male was 165.39 cm ± 4.1 and in female was 153.62 cm ± 3.2. The mean of mesiodistal width of the right maxillary anterior teeth was 23.22 ± 0.235 mm and for left maxillary teeth was 23.49 ± 0.659 mm in male. In female the mean of mesiodistal width of right maxillary teeth was 21.58 ± 0.323 mm and for left maxillary teeth was 21.94 ± 0.461 mm. Conclusion: Positive correlation was found between height of a person and that of the mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth. This study is useful in many fields of research, forensic investigation and anthropometry for evaluating the height of the individual from the obtained remains of body parts like head, jaws of the human body, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sex determination in forensic anthropology is an essential step for medico-legal purposes and crucial for identification as the number of possible matches is reduced to 50%.Teeth are an excellent material for anthropological, genetic, odontological and forensic investigations as they are known to resist a variety of ante-mortem and post-mortem insults. Sexual dimorphism in tooth size and the accuracy of odontometric sex prediction is found to vary in different population and therefore it is necessary to determine specific population values in order to make identification possible. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in South Kerala population. Aim: To evaluate and estimate the degree of odontometric sexual dimorphism in all permanent teeth except third molars and the variations in odontometric dimensions between the left and right side teeth of the maxillary and mandibular arches in male and female groups. Materials and Methods: The MesioDistal (MD) and BuccoLingual (BL) measurements of 28 teeth were estimated from the preorthodontic casts of 132 subjects; male group (66 males) and female group (66 females) of age range 15-25 years using digital Verniers’ Caliper. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 17 and the Students’ t-test for two independent samples. Results: The MesioDistal (MD) and BuccoLingual (BL) parameters of all permanent teeth in the study group showed sexual dimorphism. Over 39% of the tooth variables showed reverse dimorphism. The comparison of mean values of MD and BL diameters of the maxillary and mandibular, right and left side teeth in male and female groups showed statistical significance in males whereas females show non-significant values in both MD and BL diameters. Conclusion: The study showed a varied percentage of sexual dimorphism and variation in the mean values of MD and BL dimensions in males, but not in females between right and left side teeth of the maxillary and mandibular arches of the study population.

Introduction: Sex determination in forensic anthropology is an essential step for medico-legal purposes and crucial for identification as the number of possible matches is reduced to 50%.Teeth are an excellent material for anthropological, genetic, odontological and forensic investigations as they are known to resist a variety of ante-mortem and post-mortem insults. Sexual dimorphism in tooth size and the accuracy of odontometric sex prediction is found to vary in different population and therefore it is necessary to determine specific population values in order to make identification possible. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in South Kerala population. Aim: To evaluate and estimate the degree of odontometric sexual dimorphism in all permanent teeth except third molars and the variations in odontometric dimensions between the left and right side teeth of the maxillary and mandibular arches in male and female groups. Materials and Methods: The MesioDistal (MD) and BuccoLingual (BL) measurements of 28 teeth were estimated from the preorthodontic casts of 132 subjects; male group (66 males) and female group (66 females) of age range 15-25 years using digital Verniers' Caliper. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 17 and the Students' t-test for two independent samples. Results: The MesioDistal (MD) and BuccoLingual (BL) parameters of all permanent teeth in the study group showed sexual dimorphism. Over 39% of the tooth variables showed reverse dimorphism. The comparison of mean values of MD and BL diameters of the maxillary and mandibular, right and left side teeth in male and female groups showed statistical significance in males whereas females show non-significant values in both MD and BL diameters. Conclusion: The study showed a varied percentage of sexual dimorphism and variation in the mean values of MD and BL dimensions in males, but not in females between right and left side teeth of the maxillary and mandibular arches of the study population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex determination is considered an important step in reconstructing the biological profile of an unknown individual from the forensic context.1 The assessment of sex is statistically the most important criterion, as it immediately excludes approximately half the population. In most of the cases, bones are routinely used for sex determination. The teeth can be used as an additional tool for same purpose as the teeth are the hardest and chemically most stable tissues in the body, characterized by extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effect of external agents such as physical, trauma, heat, chemical or biological that cause the destruction of the soft parts of the body structure. Objectives: To determine the sex of individuals by morphometric analysis of teeth and to evaluate and compare the reliability of mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of maxillary and mandibular canines in determination of sex. Material and method: The study included the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of 50 south Indian students (25 males and 25 females) in the age group of 18-25years. Measurements were taken on the dental casts of each of the subjects using Sliding Vernier's Caliper. Results: The maxillary canines showed highest sexual dimorphism than compared to mandibular canines. The mesio-distal dimension of right maxillary canine exhibited highly significant sexual dimorphism. Conclusion: The present study established the existence of statistically significant sexual dimorphism in maxillary canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aims: To evaluate the mesiodistal angulation of the crowns in 50 study models (25 for each sex) of Class II division 1 malocclusion and compare it to 38 study models (19 for each sex) of Class I normal occlusion to find the differences between the two groups so as to provide valuable information in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Mesiodistal crown angulation is measured as the angle formed between the long axis of the crown and a line perpendicular to the occlusal plane. The data subjected to statistical analysis at p< 0.05. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum), correlation for all the crowns and comparison between right and left side, male and female and between Class I and Class II were carried out. Results: Significant differences in the angulation of the crowns between the two classes in the buccal segment of the upper dental arches for both sexes with significant higher values in Class II division 1 were found. For the lower arch there were significant differences in central, lateral incisors and second premolar in males and in all crowns except first molar in females with significant higher values in Class II division 1 indicating that the crowns are more mesially inclined in Class II division 1 malocclusion. Conclusion: The crowns were more mesially inclined for Class II division 1 malocclusion than for Class I occlusion. There was a correlation among teeth in each quadrant.

Background: Tooth crown dimensions vary between different ethnic groups, providing insights into the factors controlling human dental development. This present study compares permanent mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual crown dimensions between four ethnic groups, highlighting patterns of tooth size between these groups and considers the findings in relation to genetic and environmental influences. Materials and Methods: MD and buccolingual tooth crown dimensions were recorded using digital vernier calipers on dental casts derived from four different human population: Iranians, Hindus, Muslims, and Christians. Results: Obtained measurements were subjected to statistical analysis. The Christian sample was found to have the largest teeth overall, whereas the Iranian sample generally displayed the smallest MD and buccolingual crown dimensions (P < 0.001). Comparisons of coefficients of variation for teeth within each class showed that the later-forming teeth displayed greater variation in MD size than the earlier-forming teeth. Conclusion: The different patterns of tooth size observed between the study samples are thought to reflect differences in the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to dental development between the four population. Using a standardized methodology, significant differences in MD and buccolingual crown dimensions have been demonstrated between four human ethnic groups. There were also distinct differences in the patterns of crown size between the groups, with the later-forming teeth in each type generally showing greater size variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Correct sex assessment of skeletonized human remains allows investigators to undertake a more focused search of missing persons' files to establish identity. Univariate and multivariate odontometric sex assessment has been explored in recent years on small sample sizes and have not used a test sample. Consequently, inconsistent results have been produced in terms of accuracy of sex allocation. This paper has derived data from a large sample of males and females, and applied logistic regression formulae on a test sample. Using a digital caliper, buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of all permanent teeth (except third molars) were measured on 600 dental casts (306 females, 294 males) of young adults (18–32 years), and the data subjected to univariate (independent samples' t-test) and multivariate statistics (stepwise logistic regression analysis, or LRA). The analyses revealed that canines were the most sexually dimorphic teeth followed by molars. All tooth variables were larger in males, with 51/56 (91.1%) being statistically larger (p < 0.05). When the stepwise LRA formulae were applied to a test sample of 69 subjects (40 females, 29 males) of the same age range, allocation accuracy of 68.1% for the maxillary teeth, 73.9% for the mandibular teeth, and 71% for teeth of both jaws combined, were obtained. The high univariate sexual dimorphism observed herein contrasts with some reports of low, and sometimes reverse, sexual dimorphism (the phenomenon of female tooth dimensions being larger than males'); the LRA results, too, are in contradiction to a previous report of virtually 100% sex allocation for a small heterogeneous sample. These reflect the importance of using a large sample to quantify sexual dimorphism in tooth dimensions and the application of the derived formulae on a test dataset to ascertain accuracy which, at best, is moderate in nature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sometimes we come across something which is unusual. The paper presents a similar unusual case of a patient with gemination, supernumerary tooth and talon's cusp in a single arch. The paper also describes the conservative way in which the treatment has been done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the actual mesiodistal root angulation and the mesiodistal root angulation as measured on the panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods: A typodont dentition was set up into a Class I occlusion. Wire struts were placed on the buccal surface of each tooth to represent their long axes. The dentition was fixed into a natural skull for imaging. The radiographic and true mesiodistal angulation of each tooth to a horizontal reference plane (the arch wire) was measured using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The mesiodistal root positions were then altered to a more mesial and then more distal position and the measurements were repeated. Results: Only 26.7% of the radiographic root angulations were within the clinically acceptable angular variation range of ± 2.5°. The greatest variation in the upper arch occurred in the caninepremolar area where the roots were projected as being more divergent. The greatest variation in the lower arch occurred in the lateral incisor-canine region where these roots were projected as being more convergent. The extent of radiographic distortion is statistically greater in the lower arch than in the upper arch in the ideal (P ≤ .05) and distal (P ≤ .01) root positions. Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. There is a clinically significant variation between the radiographic and the true root angulations recorded. Caution is advised when interpreting mesiodistal root angulation using this radiograph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in the implant thread shape and occlusal load behavior may result in significant changes in the biological and mechanical properties of dental implants and surrounding bone tissue. Most previous studies consider a single implant thread design, an isotropic bone structure, and a static occlusal load. However, the effects of different thread designs, bone material properties, and loading conditions are important concerns in clinical practice. Accordingly, the present study performs Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations to investigate the static, quasi-static and dynamic response of the implant and implanted bone material under various thread designs and occlusal loading directions (buccal-lingual, mesiodistal and apical). The simulations focus specifically on the von Mises stress, displacement, shear stress, compressive stress, and tensile stress within the implant and the surrounding bone. The results show that the thread design and occlusal loading rate have a significant effect on the stress distribution and deformation of the implant and bone structure during clinical applications. Overall, the results provide a useful insight into the design of enhanced dental implants for an improved load transfer efficiency and success rate.

Introduction: Sex determination is a vital step in reconstructing an individual profile from unidentified skeletal remnants. Variations in tooth size are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Tooth size variations have been reported among different populations., Aim: To identify the sex by determining the mesiodistal (MD) dimensions of maxillary canines., Objectives: (1) To compare the MD diameter of all maxillary canines - (a) in the entire urban and tribal population, (b) in urban male and urban female populations, (c) in tribal male and tribal female populations, and (d) in the entire male and female populations and (2) To estimate the percentage of sexual dimorphism individually in urban and tribal populations., Materials and Methods: Fifty subjects each from urban and tribal populations in equal gender ratio were selected in Khammam district, Telangana, for the purpose of this study. After obtaining informed consent, maxillary study models of the selected subjects were made. MD diameters of left and right maxillary canines were measured on casts using vernier calipers. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis., Results: (1) The total tribal population showed a greater MD diameter of maxillary canines than the total urban population, (2) Urban males showed a greater MD diameter of maxillary canines than urban females, (3) Tribal males showed a greater MD diameter of maxillary canines than tribal females, (4) The entire male population showed a greater MD diameter of maxillary canines than the entire female population, and (5) The percentage of dimorphism between males and females in individual groups was found to be significant., Conclusion: The study showed maxillary canines exhibiting significant sexual dimorphism and can be used as a distinguishing trait for sex determination along with other procedures.