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This paper studies the power generation performance of flexible solar panels at different radii of curvature for both concave and convex configurations. Its performance is evaluated horizontally and vertically to provide architects and designers with a reference of how power generation is impacted depending on the geometries selected for the design of facades or roofs. The study consisted of two phases, the first comprised a simulation to estimate the amount of energy a surface receives according to its geometry, orientation, location, and simulated period. The second phase corresponds to an experimental validation, in which five geometries were tested: two concave, two convex, and one flat as a baseline. The results indicate that, for horizontal configurations, curvature radii from 2.51 times the minimum radius allow adequate power generation to be maintained. In the concave configuration, 77.8% of the power generated by a flat PV module is achieved, while in the convex configuration, 80.21% is achieved. For vertical configurations, the convex geometry with minimum radius shows the best performance, exceeding the power of a flat module by 12.1%. The convex configuration with a radius of curvature of 2.51 times the minimum radius offers 81.14% of the flat reference power.

Con el objetivo de elaborar una propuesta de ordenamiento forestal, que permitiera demostrar la compatibilidad entre las diferentes formas de producción agrícola y los bosques, se desarrolló este trabajo, durante el periodo comprendido de abril a noviembre del 2022, en la finca “Punta La Cueva”, municipio Cienfuegos, provincia Cienfuegos. Para su desarrollo, se realiza el inventario de la biodiversidad forestal de la finca, se identifican dentro los manejos desarrollados en la misma y aquellos que resultan compatibles con la actividad forestal y la ganadería. Al concluir el trabajo, se elabora una propuesta de ordenamiento del área boscosa, de la faja de manglar existente, el área de silvopastoreo y las cercas vivas, con la que se reordena la actividad forestal, garantizando el enfrentamiento a la degradación de los suelos y el cambio climático, la cual constituye la primera propuesta de ordenamiento forestal sobre bases sostenibles al Sector Campesino y Cooperativo de Cienfuegos, y servirá de referencia sobre la multifuncionalidad del empleo de los árboles dentro de los sistemas agrícolas. Se validan los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha y se determina que se alcanza un impacto económico anual equivalente a más de 988 656,30 CUP y se capturan 250,0 t de carbono.

La producción de alimentos es una prioridad mundial y en Cuba. El objetivo de la investigación es la transformación del entorno productivo en la comunidad Punta “La Cueva” con el desarrollo de competencias digitales que permitan buscar información actualizada, generar contenidos digitales con las mejores experiencias y compartir estos resultados, para transformar las formas de gestión sobre la base de una cultura agroecológica sostenible, fundamentada el empleo de la Herramienta de Evaluación del desempeño agroecológico (TAPE, FAO 2021). Para el diagnóstico se utilizaron instrumentos de recolección de datos y diferentes métodos de investigación. Los resultados del diagnóstico demostraron que existen deficiencias en el dominio de las competencias digitales y en la aplicación de acciones agroecológicas. En el trabajo se propone un programa teórico práctico, que permitirá la extensión de las mejores experiencias y consolidación progresiva de la gestión productiva de las unidades. Los resultados para la etapa demuestran en el empleo de las acciones planificadas para recuperar los agroecosistemas agrícolas vinculados al proyecto y los incrementos en los rendimientos agrícolas con la extensión de las mejores experiencias y la aplicación de los resultados de investigaciones vinculadas a centros productores de ciencia.

Se presenta los resultados de las acciones de extensión agraria en la Unidad Básica de Producción Cañera San Alejo, perteneciente a la Empresa Azucarera Ciudad Caracas, en la provincia Cienfuegos, desde el año 2009 hasta 2023. El objetivo del trabajo fue medir el impacto de las acciones de extensión agraria en el rendimiento agrícola. Se determinaron las variables que más influyeron en la producción de caña mediante un diagnóstico realizado en el 2009 a través de un cuestionario, tormenta de ideas y trabajo de gabinete. Para la jerarquización de las variables se utilizó el método ¨Matriz de Priorización de Problemas¨. Se concluye que las limitantes técnicas detectadas que por orden de importancia se resumen: mala calidad de las actividades agrícolas, principalmente en la preparación de tierra y la siembra, situación crítica en la explotación de la maquinaria por considerarse obsoleta, despoblación por malas siembras realizadas y la fuerza de trabajo estable pero envejecida, existiendo un déficit de 99 trabajadores. Se confeccionó un plan de acción donde se define por actividad a realizar lugar a ejecutar, fecha de cumplimiento, logística necesaria, responsable, monitoreo y evaluación. Entre las actividades a desarrollar destaca, montaje de parcelas demostrativas, días de campo, clases prácticas, etc.

Manuel E Machado-Duque,1,2 Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza,1,2 Juan Manuel Reyes,3 Alejandro Mesa,3 Natalia Castaño-Gamboa,3 Luis Fernando Valladales-Restrepo,1,2 Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba1 1Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Pereira, Colombia; 2Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia; 3Pfizer Colombia, Bogotá, ColombiaCorrespondence: Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba, Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, Calle 105 No. 14-140, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia, Tel +57 3108326970, Fax +57 63137822, Email machado@utp.edu.coPurpose: The aim was to analyze the characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of Colombian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) under treatment with oral anticoagulants (OAs).Patients and Methods: Retrospective cohort in patients with NVAF identified from a drug dispensing database, aged ≥ 18 years, with first prescription of an OA (index) between January/2013 and June/2018, and a follow-up until June/2019. Data from the clinical history, pharmacological variables, and outcomes were searched. International Classification of Diseases-10 codes were used to identify the patient sample and outcomes. Patients were followed until a general composite outcome of effectiveness (thrombotic events), bleeding/safety or persistence (switch/discontinuation of anticoagulant) events. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes (Cox regressions comparing warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants-DOACs) were carried out.Results: A total of 2076 patients with NVAF were included. The 57.0% of patients were women and the mean age was 73.3± 10.4 years. Patients were followed for a mean of 2.3± 1.6 years. 8.7% received warfarin before the index date. The most frequent OA was rivaroxaban (n=950; 45.8%), followed by warfarin (n=459; 22.1%) and apixaban (n=405; 19.5%). Hypertension was present in 87.5% and diabetes mellitus in 22.6%. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc Score was 3.6± 1.5. The 71.0% (n=326/459) of the warfarin patients presented the general composite outcome, and 24.6% of those with DOACs (n=397/1617). The main effectiveness and safety outcomes were stroke (3.1%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (2.0%) respectively. There were no significant differences between patients with warfarin and DOACs regarding thrombotic events (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.68– 2.42), but warfarin was associated with higher bleeding/safety events (HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 2.82– 6.52) and persistence events (HR: 4.51; 95% CI: 3.81 − 5.33).Conclusion: The patients with NVAF in this study were mainly older adults with multiple comorbidities. Compared to warfarin, DOACs were found to be equally effective, but safer and had a lower probability of discontinuation or switch.Keywords: anticoagulation, direct oral anticoagulant, non-valvular atrial fibrillation, warfarin, real-world study, pharmacoepidemiology

Thoracic vascular malformations are a set of complex congenital abnormalities that result in major alterations of the patient's anatomy. It can be discovered incidentally or the anomalies may generate heart failure with a right-to-left shunt, dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, cough, recurrent bronchopulmonary infections, hypoxemia, paradoxical emboli, and occasionally apneas and massive hemothorax. The knowledge of the embryology, and the normal development of the vascular structures of the thorax, allows to understand these abnormalities—and thus helps in making an accurate diagnosis—with its possible complications, symptoms, and treatments for the patient. The following is a review of the most common thoracic vascular malformations and their imaging findings.

A Health Promotion University is one of the public programs in an effort to create a healthy campus community in a comprehensive manner. Even though it is new, this program has a strategic and systematic role in the development of the community structure of the university environment. The purpose of this study is to find out how the management of a healthy campus program at Andalas University uses the system approach method by Azrul Azwar with input, process, output, impact indicators. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through document review, observation, interviews, and FGD with purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by codification/reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. Data validity by source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the management of the Andalas Health Promotion University has not been implemented properly based on; (1) program inputs are generally sufficient, both man, money, and material. Weaknesses are found in the method that has not been specifically formulated for program implementation guidelines at Unand, (2) The process has been carried out by Andalas University as a follow-up to the cooperation agreement with the Ministry of Health, but the work program planning has not been completed as a projection in achieving program goals and has not yet been included. in the Unand Strategic Plan. Organizing the Health Promotion University Management Team has been formed since 2019, but its position in the organizational structure at Andalas University is not yet clear, resulting in less effective coordination and communication in program implementation (3) The output of the Health Promotion University program has begun to be produced, but it is still very minimal because there are no program achievement indicators that should be contained in program planning. (4) The impact of this program can not be felt/measured because it is directly related to the output which cannot be obtained optimally.

A character is a crystallization form of the habituation process carried out by individuals during their life spans. Character building is carried out firstly in the family environment and can be instilled through formal and informal educational institutions. Currently, the government is promoting character education and Pancasila students in schools because it is believed to shape child character effectively. This study aimed to improve elementary school students' gotong royong character, known as the mutual assistance character, through traditional games using Socratic method-based learning. This research is an experimental research using pre-experimental (single group designs). The participants were 37 elementary school students aged 9-11 years. The mutual assistance character was measured using a questionnaire instrument adapted from the Permendikbud and integrated with Krathwohl affective domain indicators. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 employing paired sample T-test processing. The results show a significant increase from the pretest to post-test results (16.6% on mutual assistance, 18.1% on cooperation, and 15.1% on communication). It implies that traditional games through Socratic Method-based learning can be used as an alternative to developing the mutual assistance character as an effort to promote the profile of Pancasila students in elementary schools.

Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de alternativas orgánicas sobre el rendimiento del boniato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), clon INIVIT B-27-2017, se desarrolló este trabajo en la finca “La Tinaja”, municipio Lajas, en el periodo de septiembre 2018-agosto 2019, sobre un suelo pardo con carbonato típico. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar, con cinco tratamientos, cinco réplicas y un área experimental de 562,50 m2. Se evalúan: Testigo, abono orgánico, fertilizantes químicos; ME-50 y la combinación ME-50-abono orgánico. Se valoran indicadores morfológicos y componentes del rendimiento en ambas campañas. Se obtienen valores de los indicadores morfológicos superiores al testigo en las alternativas evaluadas. Resulta el mejor, T5 (MO+ME-50), seguido por T2 (MO). Los componentes del rendimiento, en todos los tratamientos, superaron estadísticamente al testigo y los mejores resultados en frio, correspondieron a T2 (MO) y T4 (ME-50) y en primavera, a T3 (Fertilizantes químicos) y T4 (ME-50). Al determinar la viabilidad económica, todos los tratamientos generaron ganancias con relación al testigo y resulta el T4 (ME-50), el de mejor resultado en ambas campañas, con ganancias de 1049.01 Cup y 845.93 Cup sobre el testigo, lo que demuestra la factibilidad del empleo de las alternativas orgánicas evaluadas.

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de ME-UCf, biopreparado a base de microorganismos eficientes, sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del arroz, se realizó el presente trabajo en condiciones de producción, por el sistema de arroz popular en el municipio de Abreus, provincia de Cienfuegos, sobre suelo oscuro plástico, durante el período lluvioso del 2019. Se montó un experimento con un diseño de Bloques al azar, con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro réplicas. Se evaluó un testigo (Paquete tecnológico) y tres dosis de ME-UCf (36, 48 y 60 L.ha-1 +Paquete tecnológico). Las aspersiones de ME-UCf se efectuaron al suelo y fo¬liares, en tres mo¬mentos: a los 15 días del trasplante, en ahijamiento ac¬tivo (38 días) y en punto de algodón (55 días). Se evaluaron variables morfológicas y componentes de rendimiento, mediante el programa estadístico StatGraphics Plus 5.1. Al concluir el trabajo se determinó que el tratamiento 2 (ME-UCf 36 L.ha-1+Paquete tecnológico) resultó el mejor al presentar diferencias estadísticas significativas con los restantes tratamientos a base de ME-UCf y el testigo, además de alcanzar rendimientos que superan la media nacional para el año del estudio, lo reportado para la variedad y obtener ganancias de 8333,01CUP con relación al testigo.

Antecedentes: La Mesa Nacional de Agroecología y Suelo (MAES) es una iniciativa liderada por el Gobierno de Reconstrucción y Unidad Nacional de Nicaragua (GRUN) a través del Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), con el propósito de la implementación de un modelo organizacional de carácter interinstitucional para gestionar los impactos provocados por el cambio climático en el sector agropecuario. La investigación se focalizó en la sistematización de experiencias y buenas prácticas validadas para la adaptación al cambio climático, que se han venido implementando desde la MAES. Metodología: para la sistematización de las experiencias, se utilizó la metodología de estudio de casos múltiples. Resultados: Los resultados evidencian que las estrategias y prácticas, que desde la MAES se están promoviendo, fortalecen las capacidades institucionales del sector agropecuario y amplían las opciones tecnológicas para las y los productores en el fomento de la Bioeconomia Agroecológica como una alternativa viable para el desarrollo sostenible del sector agropecuario en Nicaragua. Conclusiones: La MAES destaca las fortalezas, funciones, roles y responsabilidades de las instituciones. Una segunda conclusión es las estrategias son una experiencia referente para America Latina. La tercera conclusión es el enfoque de la bioeconomía agroecología en la gestión de políticas públicas y finalmente, el espacio de articulación inclusiva en la transformación del sector agropecuario de Nicaragua.

Abstract Background Aging generates changes in the gut microbiota, affecting its functionality. Little is known about gut microbiota in critically ill older adults. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of gut microbiota in a cohort of critically ill older adults. Methods This observational study was conducted in five health institutions. Over a 6-month study period, critically ill patients over 18 years old who were admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled. Fecal microbiota profiles were determined from 155 individuals, over 60 years old (n = 72) and under 60 years old (n = 83). Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Alpha and beta diversity, operational taxonomic units and the interaction of gut microbiota with variables under study were analyzed. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) specifically associated with age were recovered by including gender, discharge condition, BMI, ICU stay and antibiotics as covariates in a linear mixed model. Results In older adults, sepsis, malnutrition, antibiotic prescription and severity (APACHE and SOFA scores) were higher than in the group under 60 years of age. Alpha diversity showed lower gut microbiota diversity in those over 60 years of age (p

John Soper,1 Islam Sadek,2 Alyson Urniasz-Lippel,2 Deborah Norton,2 Marina Ness,3 Ruben Mesa4 1Bioaeronautical Research Laboratory, Civil Aerospace Medical Research Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; 2Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA; 3Inspire, Arlington, VA, USA; 4Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, TX, USACorrespondence: Ruben MesaMays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, 7979 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA, Tel +1 210-450-1724, Fax +1 210-450-1100, Email mesar@uthscsa.eduAbstract: A diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is typically unexpected and can be difficult for patients to grasp. Not only is MDS a complicated disease to understand, which can contribute to stress and anxiety, but it also has an uncertain prognosis, which can be emotionally paralyzing. Not surprisingly, emotional distress and the symptom burden of MDS, including extreme fatigue due to cytopenias, negatively impact a patient’s quality of life (QOL). Studies have shown that patient-centered care—including greater physician understanding of the disease burden their patients experience, discussing and establishing agreed-on treatment goals, and including patients in the decision-making process about their care—may help improve patient QOL. To better understand patient and caregiver experiences with MDS and how the disease impacts QOL, a small survey was conducted of patients with MDS or leukemia and their caregivers on an online health network. Among the 30 respondents who completed the survey, four had MDS and one was a caregiver for a patient with MDS. Here we focus on the five MDS respondents and contextualize the findings with personal experiences from a patient and physician perspective. The patient perspective was provided by John Soper, PhD, DABCC, who was diagnosed with MDS in 2019. Dr Soper is a retired board-certified clinical chemist and a member of the MDS Foundation. The physician perspective was provided by Dr Ruben Mesa, Executive Director of the Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson. The survey responses and the accompanying patient and physician perspectives highlight the importance of open communication between patients and their healthcare provider to better serve those with MDS and improve their QOL.Keywords: quality of life, survey, online health network, personal experiences

In Indonesia, physical literacy has not developed as rapidly as in developed countries. There are only a few of studies examining physical literacy in Indonesia. This study was aimed to scientifically reveal the focus of physical literacy studies in Indonesia by using an article review approach. The search for articles was limited to the latest 10-year publications and articles published in accredited National/International Journals and National/International Seminars provided with ISBN. A total of 7 articles were selected for further analysis using synthesis techniques. The results of the study revealed that there were only six studies on Physical Literacy in Indonesia published in National Journals and National/International Seminars. The focus of the study on physical literacy research in Indonesia included the lead to the measurement of physical literacy and the development of physical literacy instruments in elementary schools (three studies), using learning approach to improve physical literacy (two studies), and the concept of physical literacy in Physical Education (one study). This study is limited to an article review. For further research, it is hoped that new research focusing on physical literacy studies, using a research method approach adapted to the research objectives, will emerge to develop concepts, measurements, and implementations of physical literacy programs in Indonesia.

A thin layer chromatography (TLC) method coupled with densitometry was optimized and established to quantify tetraprenyltoloquinon (TPTQ) in the hexane extract of Garcinia cowa roxb stem bark. The stationary phase was TLC plates of silica gel 60 F254, with a thickness of 250 μm, while a mobile phase was the mixture of hexane: chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid in the ratio of 20:70:9:1 was selected for the chromatographic system. TLC separation of the components was followed by densitometric analysis at 230 nm. The chromatogram revealed a tight spot for TPTQ at the Rf = 0.41 ± 0.03). The value of the regression equation (r2 = 0.992) demonstrated an excellent linear association between peak area and TPTQ amount in the 250–750 μg.spot-1 range. The precision, specificity, and accuracy of the approach were all validated. The 72.65 and 242.15 μg.spot−1 were found as the limit of detection and quantification, respectively. The proposed TLC method can be considered for identifying and quantifying TPTQ in Garcinia cowa Roxb bark hexane extracts.

Partners United for Research Pathways Oriented to Social Justice in Education is a partnership between a university research training program and a Children's Defense Fund Freedom Schools® site in north Florida. It addresses the lack of demographic diversity among doctoral students in education. Emphasis is on researcher positionality and building relationships with stakeholders in a service-learning practicum. Research fellows design projects around literacy and social action, negotiate with stakeholders, and provide service. We use autoethnographic methods to articulate how Fellows, CDF Freedom School staff, and faculty collaborate. We offer suggestions for conducting research that can lead to meaningful, systemic change.

Motivation: This research investigates the transformative impact of integrating AI into mathematics education, aiming to enhance students' conceptual understanding and self-efficacy. It addresses the crucial need for innovative teaching methods in response to contemporary challenges in education and aims to fill gaps in understanding the potential drawbacks and benefits of AI implementation. Objectives: The primary goal of this study is to investigate the effects of AI tools, such as GeoGebra and ChatGPT, on students' conceptual understanding and self-efficacy in a mathematics classroom setting, with a focus on collaborative learning, teacher-led discussions, and problem-solving. Methods: Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research involves pre- and post-implementation surveys, supplemented by qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations. The study emphasises the utilisation of AI in collaborative learning environments and explores the challenges and opportunities associated with its integration. Results and Conclusions: The study reveals a noteworthy enhancement in students' conceptual understanding and self-efficacy belief when AI tools are incorporated into mathematics education. However, it highlights concerns such as technological challenges, potential teacher replacement fears, biases in AI systems, and difficulties related to pacing and social interaction. To optimise the use of AI, the paper suggests strategies like adaptive learning platforms, real-world simulations, intelligent tutoring systems, and data-driven instruction, positioning AI as a complement rather than a substitute for traditional teaching methods. The study recommends addressing challenges through additional support resources and transparent communication, emphasising the need for a thoughtful integration of AI in education.

Mike P Holzer,1 Rudy MMA Nuijts,2 Soraya MR Jonker,2 Erik LJG Mertens,3 Asim Bozkurt Sener,4 Jorge AO Cazal,5 Antoni Salvador Playa,5 Ramon Ruiz Mesa,6 Bettina C Thomas1 1Universitäts-Augenklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 2Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 3Medipolis, Antwerp, Belgium; 4Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 5Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; 6Oftalvist CIO Jerez, Cádiz, SpainCorrespondence: Mike P HolzerAugenzentrum Prof. Dr. Holzer & Prof. Dr. Rabsilber, Bahnhofstrasse 18, Weinheim, 69469, GermanyTel + 49 0 6201 87 87 24Email info@augenzentrum-holzer.dePurpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new multi-segmented refractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) after phacoemulsification and refractive lens exchange (RLE).Patients and Methods: In this prospective, multicenter clinical trial, 63 presbyopic subjects who had cataract or where RLE candidates were bilaterally implanted with the Precizon Presbyopia IOL (Ophtec BV, Groningen, the Netherlands) after phacoemulsification. The study was conducted at 6 clinical centers in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Turkey and Spain. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively for monocular and binocular uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA), uncorrected (UNVA), corrected (CNVA) and distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), contrast sensitivity and quality of vision.Results: Three months postoperatively, binocular UDVA and CDVA of ≥ 20/40 was achieved in 98.4% (60/61) and 100%, respectively. Binocular UIVA and DCIVA of ≥ 20/40 was achieved in 96.7% (59/61) and 93.4% (57/61) respectively. Binocular UNVA, CNVA and DCNVA of ≥ 20/40 was achieved in 93.4% (57/61), 98.4% (60/61) and 95% (57/60) subjects, respectively. Complete spectacle independence was achieved in 80% (49/61) patients; 93% of patients reported that they were quite or very satisfied with the outcomes of the procedure.Conclusion: Precizon Presbyopia IOL implantation is a safe and effective method to provide good visual acuity at all distances in presbyopic and cataract patients.Keywords: presbyopia-correcting IOL, refractive lens exchange, cataract surgery, multifocal IOL

Physical Education class is one of the solutions taken by regional schools to improve achievements in sports. The process of recruiting physical education class students has mostly conducted by using the talent scouting test method which consists of physical test and skill test. However, the implementation of sport injury detection test using Functional Movement Screening (FMS) is still insignificant. The purpose of this study was to identify the student risk of injury in physical education class by using the FMS test. The research was an ex-post-facto method. The research samples were 32 students of class VIII in the physical education class at SMPN 1 Baturaden (20 males and 12 females) aged 14 years in average. The research instrument used was the Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test with the validity and reliability of 0.81. Data processing and analysis employed the Benchmark Reference (PAN) with the help of Ms. Excel. The results showed that 56.25% of physical education class students at SMPN 1 Baturaden were identified at risk of sports injuries. The results also showed an imbalance of strength between the right and left body muscles. The study concludes that the use of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test is important to minimize the high likelihood of injury of the students in physical education class.

Gran parte de los problemas fitosanitarios de los cultivos en el mundo, son causados por plagas que atacan la planta, provocando su pérdida total o una drástica reducción de los rendimientos agrícolas. En respuesta, los agricultores recurren al control químico con los problemas que este provoca. Esto ha motivado que se busquen nuevas estrategias para el control de plagas y enfermedades y la utilización de los microorganismos eficientes se constituye como una alternativa atractiva, por lo que se trazó como objetivo para el presente trabajo, revisar y sintetizar parte de la información científica publicada en los últimos 10 años, relacionada con los ME y su empleo en la protección fitosanitaria de los cultivos. Al concluir el trabajo, se determinó que los microorganismos eficientes pueden convertirse en un complemento importante del manejo integrado de plagas y enfermedades de los cultivos y que la información sobre el modo de aprovechar la tecnología en el manejo ecológico de plagas y enfermedades de las plantas en Cuba y el mundo, es insuficiente.

Octavio Mesa Varona,1 Katerina Chaintarli,2 Berit Muller-Pebody,3 Muna F Anjum,2 Tim Eckmanns,4 Madelaine Norström,5 Ides Boone,4 Bernd-Alois Tenhagen1 1Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany; 2Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK; 3Healthcare-Associated Infections & Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), London, UK; 4Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany; 5Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Section of Epidemiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Oslo, NorwayCorrespondence: Octavio Mesa Varona Diedersdorfer Weg 1, Berlin 12277, GermanyTel +49 30 1841224338Email Octavio.Mesa-Varona@bfr.bund.deIntroduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), associated with antimicrobial use (AMU), is a major public concern. Surveillance and monitoring systems are essential to assess and control the trends in AMU and AMR. However, differences in the surveillance and monitoring systems between countries and sectors make comparisons challenging. The purpose of this article is to describe all surveillance and monitoring systems for AMU and AMR in the human and livestock sectors, as well as national surveillance and monitoring systems for AMR in food, in six European countries (Spain, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Norway) as a baseline for developing suggestions to overcome current limitations in comparing AMU and AMR data.Methods: A literature search in 2018 was performed to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles and national and European grey reports as well as AMU/AMR databases.Results: Comparison of AMU and AMR systems across the six countries showed a lack of standardization and harmonization with different AMU data sources (prescription vs sales data) and units of AMU and AMR being used. The AMR data varied by sample type (clinical/non-clinical), laboratory method (disk diffusion, microdilution, and VITEK, among others), data type, ie quantitative (minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) in mg/L/inhibition zone (IZ) in mm) vs qualitative data (susceptible-intermediate-resistant (SIR)), the standards used (EUCAST/CLSI among others), and/or the evaluation criteria adopted (epidemiological or clinical).Discussion: A One Health approach for AMU and AMR requires harmonization in various aspects between human, animal and food systems at national and international levels. Additionally, some overlap between systems of AMU and AMR has been encountered. Efforts should be made to improve standardization and harmonization and allow more meaningful analyses of AMR and AMU surveillance data under a One Health approach.Keywords: AMR, AMU, food-producing animals, harmonization, monitoring, surveillance

A child motor development and body mass index are determinant aspects yet important predictors for other aspect of development. However, both of them are also influenced by other factors, including the parents’ socioeconomic status. Therefore, this study was aimed at finding out the relationship between parents’ socioeconomic status with the children’ motor development and body mass index, especially for the children living in rural area. The study was an ex-post facto study. The study used Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) 3rd Edition to measure the children motor development and Instrument (Scale) for Measuring the Socioeconomic Status of a Family Questionnaire to measure the socioeconomic status of the parents. The children body mass index were calculated from the height and weight. The study involved 64 children as the participants. However, only 53 data of the children that were eligible to be analyzed after the data cleaning process was conducted. The data were analyzed by using statistic calculation by the help of SPSS application. The results of the study found that most of the children were coming from upper middle and lower middle status. Their body mass index were mostly in thin category. However, their motor development seems to be on the schedule. Only a small number of the children who need more activities or further professional assessment. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the parents’ socioeconomic status and the children motor development and body mass index was found. The study indicates that the children weight status were alarming and need further attention. However, the data were taken from a small number of participant, thus it cannot be generalized to summarize a general depiction of all children in rural area.