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Variable response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is observed among individuals with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), having a significant impact on patient management. In this work, we aimed to investigate the potential value of machine learning (ML)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics in predicting therapeutic response to nCRT in patients with LARC.Seventy-six patients with LARC were included in this retrospective study. Radiomic features were extracted from pre-treatment sagittal T2-weighted MRI images, with 3D segmentation. Dimension reduction was performed with a reliability analysis, pair-wise correlation analysis, analysis of variance, recursive feature elimination, Kruskal-Wallis, and Relief methods. Models were created using four different algorithms. In addition to radiomic models, clinical only and different combined models were developed and compared. The reference standard was tumor regression grade (TRG) based on the Modified Ryan Scheme (TRG 0 vs TRG 1-3). Models were compared based on net reclassification index (NRI). Clinical utility was assessed with decision curve analysis (DCA).Number of features with excellent reliability is 106. The best result was achieved with radiomic only model using eight features. The area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for validation were 0.753 (standard deviation [SD], 0.082), 81.1%, 83.8%, and 75.0%; for testing, 0.705 (SD, 0.145), 73.9%, 81.2%, and 57.1%, respectively. Based on the clinical only model as reference, NRI for radiomic only model was the best. DCA also showed better clinical utility for radiomic only model.ML-based T2-weighted MRI radiomics might have a potential in predicting response to nCRT in patients with LARC.

Objective: Dermatoscopy is a frequently used non-invasive diagnostic procedure. Considering that mycosis fungoides (MF) mimics parapsoriasis clinically in it's early stages, we aim to determine the dermatoscopic criteria and the histopathological correlations in patients with MF and small plaque parapsoriasis (SPP). Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 28 patients with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of MF and 31 patients with SPP. Videodermoscopy and USB capillaroscope were used to evaluate the patients’ vessels at ×200 magnification. Vascularity was evaluated through microvascular density (MVD) scoring involving CD34 antibody staining. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included in this study. The scores corresponding to the presence of short linear vessels, linear-curved vessels, branching linear vessels, and non-structured orange-colored areas were significantly higher in the MF patients than in the SPP patients (pConclusion:The SPP and early-stage MF patients differed in their MVD scores (p=0.01), and the findings correlated with the dermatoscopy and lesional capillaroscopy findings. Differentiating features between SPP and MF were thus identifed.

A 67-year-old male patient had undergone total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y eso-jejunostomy 3 years ago for the treatment of tubular adenocarcinoma located at the corpus of the stomach. The patient was diagnosed with Gleason score 8 (4+4) metastatic prostate cancer during the follow-up period and received hormone therapy. Owing to his elevated prostate-specific antigen levels (77 ng/mL), his clinician referred him gallium-68 (68Ga) prostate-specific membrane antigen 11 (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for restaging. PET/CT showed multiple 68Ga PSMA receptor-positive skeletal lesions and linear PSMA activity at the eso-jejunostomy junction. He was then referred to undergo 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT to screen for gastric carcinoma recurrence. PET/CT images demonstrated no 18F-FDG avid lesion. However, endoscopy and biopsy performed with samples from the eso-jejunostomy junction revealed superficial benign squamous epithelial fragments.

A 67-year-old male patient had undergone total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y eso-jejunostomy 3 years ago for the treatment of tubular adenocarcinoma located at the corpus of the stomach. The patient was diagnosed with Gleason score 8 (4+4) metastatic prostate cancer during the follow-up period and received hormone therapy. Owing to his elevated prostate-specific antigen levels (77 ng/mL), his clinician referred him gallium-68 (68Ga) prostate-specific membrane antigen 11 (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for restaging. PET/CT showed multiple 68Ga PSMA receptor-positive skeletal lesions and linear PSMA activity at the eso-jejunostomy junction. He was then referred to undergo 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT to screen for gastric carcinoma recurrence. PET/CT images demonstrated no 18F-FDG avid lesion. However, endoscopy and biopsy performed with samples from the eso-jejunostomy junction revealed superficial benign squamous epithelial fragments.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the physical competence tests used in the recruitment of Gendarmerie personnel in the member countries of the International Association of Gendarmeries and Police Forces with Military Status (FIEP) and propose an physical competence test for Turkey Material and Method: The physical competence tests employed by the countries within the FIEP in the recruitment of the Gendarmerie personnel were obtained from the official websites of the relevant countries. The frequency distribution and percentage of physical competence tests divided into four different categories were calculated using the statistical analysis program SPSS 21.0 for WINDOWS©. Results: It has been determined that most countries use multiple physical competence tests under at least two categories of physical competence tests. 83.3% of the countries prefer physical competence tests based on endurance, 66.7% sprint/power, 83.3% muscle strength endurance and 25% coordination/skill/balance biomotor abilities in the recruitment of gendarmerie personnel. It was determined that 91.7% of 12 countries prefer three or more physical competence tests. It was observed that 50% of the countries chose three out of four different physical test categories, and 33% chose two different physical test categories. Conclusion: It is required that an ideal gendarmerie officer has aerobic endurance, anaerobic power, muscular strength, balance, coordination, agility and flexibility to execute their duties. Due to a large number of applications for the recruitment of the gendarmes, the accommodation needs of the candidates and economic reasons, the physical competence tests need to be carried out in a limited time frame. Thus, testing all seven physical abilities separately may not be applicable. It may be more appropriate to test physical fitness elements that are relevant when­ executing tasks that are more frequently encountered by the Gendarmerie. As a result of our study, we recommend the Turkish Gendarmerie to measure the coordination course endurance and strength capabilities. It is seen that the candidate will be eligible for a coordination course related to duties that the Gendarmerie may encounter, running distances between 1000m and 3000m for endurance and pull-up or push-up test for strength. Keywords: Endurance, Gendarmerie, Physical Competence Tests, Strength

Most patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors develop cutaneous advance effects. The extent and severity of treatment-related skin rashes are associated with good treatment response and prognosis. Herein, we presented increased uptake of the 18F-FDG in skin rashes after treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in 2 patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer.

A 68-year-old woman with a mass lesion in right hepatic lobe had an elevated α-fetoprotein level (>54,000 ng/mL). The lesion showed higher 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake than 18F-FDG uptake in consecutive PET/CT images. The histopathological examination revealed neuroendocrine carcinoma with Ki-67 proliferation index of 80%.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of six-week traditional and cluster resistance training (CRT) on sprint, agility, maximal strength and vertical jump parameters in professional volleyball players. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight professional male volleyball players participated in the present study. Athletes were randomly assigned into two training groups: traditional resistance training (TRT) (n=14) and CRT (n=14) groups. Both training groups performed the resistance trainings during six-week on three nonconsecutive days (Monday, Wednesday and Friday). Subjects underwent countermovement vertical jump, agility t, 10-m, 20-m sprint, one repetition maximal (1RM) back squat (BS), bench press (BP), pull over (PO), military press (MP) and dead lift (DL) tests prior to and after sixweek resistance training program. Results: Both training groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in 1RM, sprint times, vertical jump displacement and agility t-test (p

Background Eosinophils play an important role in bullous pemphigoid (BP) pathogenesis. Although tissue infiltration with eosinophils has been known for a long time, there is a lack of knowledge about the relationship between tissue eosinophil levels and disease severity and clinical characteristics of the patients. Methods Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with BP between January 2008 and December 2018 were reviewed. Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E)-stained preparations were re-evaluated in terms of tissue eosinophil levels. For disease severity, Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) was used. The relationship between tissue eosinophil levels and disease severity and clinical features were evaluated. Results Erosion/blister and urticaria/erythema BPDAI scores were higher in the group with high tissue eosinophil level than the group with low tissue eosinophil level. Tissue and peripheral blood eosinophil count were correlated with total urticaria/erythema BPDAI scores. There was no correlation between blood and tissue eosinophil count. The mortality rate was 64.7% vs 44.0% in the high vs low tissue eosinophil groups. Tissue eosinophil levels were high in patients with BP accompanying neurological disease. Conclusions Tissue eosinophil count and peripheral blood eosinophil count were correlated with disease severity in BP. Tissue eosinophil levels were also high in patients with BP accompanying neurological disease.

Background. Solitary circumscribed neuroma (SCN), also known as palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN), is a benign neural tumor. It may be mistaken as either schwannoma or neurofibroma in pathology practice. In this study, we aimed to define clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features and discuss its differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods. The histopathological features of 30 cases of SCN/PEN were reviewed. The presence of intralesional axons, Schwann, and perineural cell distributions were investigated by performing neuronal immunomarkers. Results. Twelve cases were females, and 18 cases were males. The mean age was 48 years. Lesions were mostly located on the face (27/30). Histologically, 18 had a lobular pattern, 9 were plexiform, 2 fungating, and 1 multilobular. Although the majority of cases were well circumscribed, capsular integrity was at least focally disrupted (73%). Verocay body was noted only in 6 cases (20%). One case showed excessive hyperkeratosis, forming a keratin horn. Adipocytic change was detected in another case. The lesions consisted of S100-positive Schwann cell proliferation and were partially surrounded by perineural cells highlighted by EMA or Claudin-1. The amount of intralesional axons revealed by neurofilament immunostaining was variable. Conclusion. SCN/PEN is a relatively common lesion, and usually seen as an asymptomatic papule on the face of elderly patients. A circumscribed lesion composed of bundles of bland-looking spindle cells thought to be of neural origin is seen in the dermis. Pathologists should be aware of the existence of plexiform and multilobular PEN/SCN variants, to avoid misdiagnosis of plexiform neurofibroma or schwannoma.

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms constitute a diagnostic spectrum ranging from adenoma to mucinous adenocarcinoma. To date, many classification systems have been proposed to reflect the histomorphological diversity of neoplasms in this range and their clinical correspondence, and also to form a common terminology between the pathologist and clinicians. The aim of this review is to provide an updated perspective on the pathological features of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Using the 2016 Modified Delphi Consensus Protocol (Delphi) and the Eighth Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual, 19 cases presented from June 2011 to December 2016 were evaluated and diagnosed with appendiceal mucinous neoplasia. According to the Delphi, non-carcinoid epithelial tumours of the appendix were categorized in eight histomorphological architectural groups. These groups are adenoma, serrated polyp, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, mucinous adenocarcinoma, poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring, signet-ring cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The most common symptom was right lower quadrant pain. The median age of these cases was 60±15 years. There was a preponderance of females (F/M: 15/4). In our re-evaluation, six cases were diagnosed as serrated polyp. There were 11 cases in the LAMN group and two cases in the mucinous adenocarcinoma group. Using the Delphi and the AJCC manual, there were many changes in the classification, evaluation and treatment of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. These classification systems have facilitated the compatibility and communication of clinicians and pathologists and have guided clinicians on treatment methods.