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Low carbon steel material and T-joints are frequently used in ship building and steel constructions. Advantages such as high deposition rates, high quality and smooth weld metals and easy automation make cored wires preferable in these industries. In this study, low carbon steel materials with web and flange thicknesses of 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm were welded with conventional GMAW and double channel shielding gas metal arc welding (DMAG) method to form double fillet T-joints using metal cored wire. The difference between these two methods were characterized by measurements of mean welding parameters, Vickers hardness profiles, weld bead and HAZ geometry of the joints and thermal camera temperature measurements. When weld bead and HAZ geometries are focused, it was seen filler metal molten area increased and base metal molten area decreased in DMAG of low carbon steel. When compared with traditional GMAW, finer and acicular structures in weld metal and more homogenous and smaller grains in HAZ are obtained with double channel shielding gas metal arc welding.

In this paper, we consider perfect fluid spacetime admitting (α, β)-type almost η-Ricci-Yamabe solitons by means of some curvature tensors. Ricci pseudosymmetry concepts of perfect fluid spacetime admitting (α, β)-type almost η-Ricci-Yamabe soliton are introduced according to the choice of some special curvature tensors such as Riemann, concircular and projective curvature tensor. After then, according to choosing of the curvature tensors, necessary conditions are given for perfect fluid spacetime admitting (α, β)-type almost η-Ricci-Yamabe soliton to be Ricci semisymmetric. Then, some important characterizations are given for Ricci, Yamabe, Einstein and η-Einstein solitons on perfect fluid spacetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the components and cytokine and immunoglobulin levels of koumiss during different fermentation periods, and to reveal the interrelation between these parameters. For achieving this objective, 10 samples of koumiss were prepared and randomly divided into 2 groups: the first group was sampled at 0, 1, 5, 12, and 24 h of incubation at room temperature for analysis. The second group was stored at +4°C, and samples were taken on d 5, 10, 15, and 20. The counts of Enterobacteriaceae spp., Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus spp. progressively decreased with the period of fermentation until becoming undetectable in the final samples of both groups. We fond positive or negative correlations between cytokine and immunoglobulin levels and the physicochemical and microbiological parameters in the koumiss samples in both groups. However, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, and IgG did not change significantly over time in both groups. Overall, it is clear that traditionally prepared koumiss under different fermentation times and temperatures does not show any differences in cytokine and immunoglobulin concentrations.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the forensic dimension of damages arising from cosmetic applications and determine the issues to be considered in this regard. Methods: Forensic cases who applied to our forensic medicine clinic between 2015 and 2022 to obtain a forensic report due to damage arising from cosmetic applications were retrospectively examined. Results: Out of 26 cases, 20 were women and 6 were men. The procedures were performed in beauty centers in 19 cases and hairdressers/ beauty salons in 7 cases. The complained application was laser epilation in 15, hair dyeing in 4, peeling in 2, botox in 1, tattoo removal in 1, hair transplant in 1, eyebrow microblading in 1, and cryolipolysis in 1. Of the cases, 15 complained of burns on their skin, 6 of skin redness, allergic reaction and scarring, and 5 of lack of dyeing, hair loss, sparse hair growth and burning at the base of the hair. Conclusion: When providing forensic expertise in the damage allegations arising from cosmetic procedures, many factors should be taken into consideration in the evaluation, such as whether there is an official license of the performer, whether there is an indication for the procedure, the method’s suitability for the applied area, hygiene conditions of the application environment, the way of the complication management, the patient’s adherence to the medical recommendations after the procedure.

In this article, invariant submanifolds of Lorentz-Sasakian space forms on the W7- curvature tensor are investigated. For the W7-curvature tensor, the pseudoparallel, 2-pseudoparallel, Ricci generalized pesudoparallel and 2-Ricci generalized pseudoparallel properties of the invariant submanifolds of the Lorentz-Sasakian space form are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on the project traffic, the total thickness of a granular base can reach excessive values. Granular layers of large thicknesses undoubtedly extend the duration of a project and cause high project total costs. In this study, the improvement in settlement behaviour of unbound granular base layers reinforced with geocell was investigated by way of large-scale laboratory tests and finite element modeling. Plate loading tests were performed on unreinforced and geocell reinforced base layers, which were constructed on subgrade soil with a low bearing capacity under 1750 kPa overload condition. It was determined that the amount of settlement observed at the same stress levels decreased with an increase in the aperture size from 440 mm to 660 mm and the geocell height from 100 mm to 150 mm. The reduction in settlement potential, which reached 78% compared to the unreinforced reference section around 25 kPa, decreased to 55% at around a 200 kPa standard load. With an increase in the vertical stress level, the effectiveness of geocell reinforcement decreases and a serious decrease occurs after 500 kPa, becoming completely unserviceable when a level of 1000 kPa is to be exceeded. Although the difference between the experimental results and the modeling values remained below 5% in the reference section, it reached as high as 30% differences in the geocell implemented sections up to 200 kPa, due to three-dimensional geocell adaptation problems within the finite element calculations. In this way, it will be possible to increase the performance of road surfaces by keeping the pavement thickness constant, and also it will be possible to design more economical sections by reducing the required thickness.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine variations in stress, metabolic, and physiological parameters of horses used in the traditional equestrian team sport of Kök‐Börü in relation to winning and losing outcomes. Material and methods To accomplish this, blood samples were taken from horses on four different teams who participated in two separate games, both before and after game. These samples were used to measure levels of cortisol, ACTH, beta‐endorphin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) via species‐specific commercial ELISA kits. The autoanalyzer tested biochemical and hematological parameters. The gathered data were then analyzed statistically based on the teams' winning or losing status. Results The results suggested that winning teams had lower MID, red blood cell, HGB, RDW‐SD, HCT, platelet distribution width, and creatine kinase values post‐game in comparison to their pre‐game state. Conversely, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and CREA values increased in the winning teams' post‐game. Additionally, horses in the winning teams showed a decrease in cortisol, beta‐endorphin, and ACTH levels post‐game but increased levels of adrenaline and T3. Considering the pre‐game values, it was found that GRA and Cl levels were lower in the winning teams. Before the game, adrenaline and T3 levels were higher in the winning teams. No significant difference was observed in post‐game hematological parameters between the teams. However, post‐game K, adrenaline, and noradrenaline levels were higher among the winning teams' horses, while cortisol and beta‐endorphin levels were heightened in horses from the losing side. Conclusion In conclusion, significant differences were not observed in the distribution of hematological and biochemical parameters of horses following the Kök‐Börü games, regardless of the outcome. However, decreased post‐game cortisol, ACTH, and beta‐endorphin levels in winning teams may suggest better stress management abilities among these horses.

This study aimed to evaluate CD73 and PD-L1 and determine their relationship with each other and with overall survival (OS) in sarcoma patients. The paraffin blocks of 101 patients were analysed. 56.4% were female, and the mean age was 51.39 years. The mean OS was 20.73 months, and the Ki-67 proliferative index was 41.45. A positive correlation was found between CD73 tumour and CD73 tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) findings. CD73 tumour and TIL findings were also positively correlated with PD-L1 percentages and PD-L1 intensity. An inverse correlation was detected between OS and CD73 tumour and TIL groups of 5–25%, 25–50%, 50–75%, 75–90%, and > 90%, but no such correlation was found for the ≤ 5% group. There was an inverse correlation between OS and the PD-L1 percentages of 50% and the PD-L1 intensity of weak-moderate and strong, but no correlation was found for the negative values. Lastly, an inverse correlation was found between OS and the Ki-67 proliferative index. We found CD73 and PD-L1 positivity to be associated with decreased OS in sarcoma patients and determined a significant correlation between these parameters. This result is promising in terms of achieving better survival and disease control with anti-CD73 and anti-PD-L1 therapy in selected patients.

Cementifying fibroma is an uncommon neoplasm composed by varying amounts of cementum, bone and fibrous tissue. As a results of having similar histolological features based on inactive-looking odontogenic epithelium embedded in a fibrous stroma, it is often hard to differentiate from other fibro-osseous lesions such as fibrous dyplasia and calcifying odontogenic tumor. At this point, it is undoubtedly clear that proper radiological and clinical diagnosis play a great role together in identification. We present a rare case of this entity along with a number of clinical and radiographic features that set it apart from other pathologies mimicking fibro-osseous lesions.

Tumor hypoxia is commonly recognized as a condition stimulating the progress of the aggressive phenotype of tumor cells. Hypoxic tumor cells inhibit the delivery of cytotoxic drugs, causing hypoxic areas to receive insufficient amounts of anticancer agents, which results in adverse treatment responses. Being such an obstruction to conventional therapies for cancer, hypoxia might be considered a target to facilitate the efficacy of treatments in the resistive environment of tumor sites. In this regard, benefiting from prodrugs that selectively target hypoxic regions remains an effective approach. Additionally, combining hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs has been used as a promising strategy to eradicate hypoxic cells. However, determining the appropriate sequencing and scheduling of the combination therapy is also of great importance in obtaining favorable results in anticancer therapy. Here, benefiting from a modeling approach, we study the efficacy of HAPs in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs on tumor growth and the treatment response. Different treatment schedules have been investigated to see the importance of determining the optimal schedule in combination therapy. The effectiveness of HAPs in varying hypoxic conditions has also been explored in the study. The model provides qualitative conclusions about the treatment response, as the maximal benefit is obtained from combination therapy with greater cell death for highly hypoxic tumors. It has also been observed that the antitumor effects of HAPs show a hypoxia-dependent profile.

Our research empirically examines the impact of good governance on the US tourism demand over the period 1999–2020. We use a data set of 13 different tourism markets to avoid any aggregation bias while controlling for economic and political factors. Our empirical results show that two dimensions of governance, i) the political stability and absence of violence/terrorism and ii) government effectiveness, exert a statistically significant positive impact on the US tourism demand. We also find that the party in control of the White House has a statistically significant influence on tourism demand. These empirical findings have several implications for accurate demand forecasting as well as developing sustainable tourism policies.

Abstract In solid tumors, elevated fluid pressure and inadequate blood perfusion resulting from unbalanced angiogenesis are the prominent reasons for the ineffective drug delivery inside tumors. To normalize the heterogeneous and tortuous tumor vessel structure, antiangiogenic treatment is an effective approach. Additionally, the combined therapy of antiangiogenic agents and chemotherapy drugs has shown promising effects on enhanced drug delivery. However, the need to find the appropriate scheduling and dosages of the combination therapy is one of the main problems in anticancer therapy. Our study aims to generate a realistic response to the treatment schedule, making it possible for future works to use these patient-specific responses to decide on the optimal starting time and dosages of cytotoxic drug treatment. Our dataset is based on our previous in-silico model with a framework for the tumor microenvironment, consisting of a tumor layer, vasculature network, interstitial fluid pressure, and drug diffusion maps. In this regard, the chemotherapy response prediction problem is discussed in the study, putting forth a proof of concept for deep learning models to capture the tumor growth and drug response behaviors simultaneously. The proposed model utilizes multiple convolutional neural network submodels to predict future tumor microenvironment maps considering the effects of ongoing treatment. Since the model has the task of predicting future tumor microenvironment maps, we use two image quality evaluation metrics, which are structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio, to evaluate model performance. We track tumor cell density values of ground truth and predicted tumor microenvironments. The model predicts tumor microenvironment maps seven days ahead with the average structural similarity score of 0.973 and the average peak signal ratio of 35.41 in the test set. It also predicts tumor cell density at the end day of 7 with the mean absolute percentage error of $$2.292\pm 1.820$$ 2.292 ± 1.820 .

Abstract Background This paper introduces DynamoVis version 1.0, an open-source software developed to design, record and export custom animations and multivariate visualizations from movement data, enabling visual exploration and communication of patterns capturing the associations between animals’ movement and its affecting internal and external factors. Proper representation of these dependencies grounded on cartographic principles and intuitive visual forms can facilitate scientific discovery, decision-making, collaborations, and foster understanding of movement. Results DynamoVis offers a visualization platform that is accessible and easily usable for scientists and general public without a need for prior experience with data visualization or programming. The intuitive design focuses on a simple interface to apply cartographic techniques, giving ecologists of all backgrounds the power to visualize and communicate complex movement patterns. Conclusions DynamoVis 1.0 offers a flexible platform to quickly and easily visualize and animate animal tracks to uncover hidden patterns captured in the data, and explore the effects of internal and external factors on their movement path choices and motion capacities. Hence, DynamoVis can be used as a powerful communicative and hypothesis generation tool for scientific discovery and decision-making through visual reasoning. The visual products can be used as a research and pedagogical tool in movement ecology.

Welding is one of the most preferred manufacturing methods in heavy industry and there are more than 1 million welders around the world. Gas metal arc welding is one of the most utilized welding processes and as a nature of this process, especially in welding of carbon steels, deleterious gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are emitted. Not only do these gases harm worker's health but also affect the environment adversely. Although carbon dioxide, whose global warming potential is 1, may not be seen as a significant contributor to global climate change, this emission to air should be considered when large amounts are emitted through different sources such as heavy industry, manufacturing, transportation, and residential areas. Especially in developed countries, global climate change has been a great concern and the measures taken against greenhouse gases are increasing due to cumulative environmental impacts. In this study, experimental investigation of the effects of wire feed rate and shielding gas mixtures on CO2 and CO emissions in flux cored arc welding of low carbon steel has been realized and worldwide share of gas metal arc welding based CO2 emissions on global warming was estimated. In addition, health effects of CO2 and CO emissions were evaluated by comparing the recordings with NIOSH TWA and ceiling REL values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of Hepatitis b virus (HBV) serological groups in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to compare the demographic characteristics and frequency of parenteral therapies between patient groups with and without previous HBV infection. Methods: Charts of RA patients were examined retrospectively. HBsAg, anti-HBc IgG, and anti-HBs test results were screened. All participants were divided into 3 serological groups (patients naive to HBV infection, previous HBV infection, vaccinated). Those with previous HBV infection were further divided into 3 serological subgroups (naturally immune, anti-HBc IgG positive only, chronic HBV infection). Findings were compared between RA patients with and without previous HBV infection. Results: Four hundred and fifty-one patients (female/male: 343/108) were included. The prevalence of patients naive to HBV infection, with previous HBV infection and vaccinated were 59.4%, 33.7%, and 6.9%, respectively. The prevalence of patients with naturally immune, anti-HBc IgG positive only, and chronic HBV infection were 25.7%, 4.4%, and 3.5%, respectively. Age in RA patients with and without previous HBV infection was 60.8±12.4 and 56.7±14.2 years, respectively(p

In this study, the fatigue behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites incorporating high tenacity polypropylene fiber was investigated. The strain curves, cycle numbers, crack numbers and stiffness values were obtained from the experiments carried out with the load-controlled fatigue method at 80, 90 and 110% stress level (maximum stress/ultimate static strength). In conclusion, at 80% stress level, average 1127 cycles, 1.37% the unit deformation capacity and 6 cracks were achieved. At 90% stress level, 215 cycles, 1.89% the unit deformation capacity and 8 cracks were obtained. In the specimens where 110% stress level was applied, the average number of cycles was decreased to 38 cycles, the unit deformation capacity increased up to 2.60% and the average number of cracks also doubled and raised to 15 cracks. Additionally, the average stiffness values of 8.68 and 9.57 GPa were obtained in the first cycles at 80% and 90% stress levels, it was observed that the stiffness values gradually decreased with increasing cycles. Although high strain values were achieved at the 110% stress level, micro cracks were formed suddenly due to the very high applied loading and the rigidity values remained low since the first cycle due to the plastic deformation.

Objective: Bone marrow infiltration (BMI) affects the stage diagnosis, and treatment of lymphoma. We aimed to evaluate the performance of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (PET/CT) in detecting BMI in lymphoma patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 269 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 110 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients were evaluated retrospectively. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for PET/CT and BMB in detecting BMI. Results: Sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy for PET/CT in detecting BMI in NHL cases were 65%, 78%, and 84.4%, respectively, while they were 55%, 73.4%, and 79.9% for BMB. PET/CT performance for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma was better than that of BMB, whereas the performance of BMB was better for mantlecell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy for PET/CT in HL cases were 91.3%, 97.75%, and 98.18%, respectively, while they were 56.52%, 89.69%, and 90.91% for BMB. Due to BMB, 43 (15.9%) patients in the NHL group and 2 (1.8%) patients in the HL group were protected from downstaging. Conclusion: Although their results vary according to NHL subtypes, PET/CT and BMB are complementary methods in determining BMI. In HL, PET/CT is an important diagnostic tool for detecting BMI, and BMB is not necessary in a significant proportion of cases.

Aim:Hepatitis enfection reactivation during chemotherapy is a major problem in lymphoma patients. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in lymphoma patients treated in our center.Materials and Methods:The files of non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients treated in our center between 2011-2018 were retrospectively reviewed. HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc and Anti-HCV parameters of the patients were evaluated.Results:In 21 (8.7%) of the 240 NHL patients, HBsAg antigen was positive. Anti-HCV positivity was detected in 9 patients (3.7%). In 79 (33%) patients, HBsAg (-), Anti-HBs (+) and Anti-HBc (+) were detected and evaluated as previous hepatitis B infection. In 10 (9.1%) of the 110 HL patients, HBsAg was positive and Anti-HCV positivity was detected in 3 patients (2.7%). In 29 (26.4%) patients, HBsAg (-), Anti-HBs (+) and Anti-HBc (+) were detected and evaluated as previous hepatitis B infection. When HBsAg and Anti-HCV positivity rates were compared between NHL and HL patient groups, no statistically significant difference was detected (p values were 0.9 and 0.63, respectively).Conclusion:According to the data of our country higher positivity of HBV and HCV was determined in lymphoma patients. Hepatitis B and C positivity in our region poses an important problem. Necessary information about vaccination and prevention methods should be provided.

While COVID-19 pandemic has become an enormous and devastating pandemic for today’s world, studies on the morbidity of the disease mainly show the disease’s progress with pneumonia and thromboembolic pathologies. In this disease with a predisposition to thromboembolism, findings of nontraumatic focused hemorrhages are unexpected. As spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is a serious condition with the absence of symptoms, creating a challenge for diagnosis, it should also be considered in COVID-19 which is thought to be predisposed to thromboembolism. Here, a 47-year-old woman with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis (diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan and approved by nasopharyngeal swab test) is presented with spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma, and its management is reported. This case highlights the importance of considering both thromboembolic events and bleeding in cases with COVID-19 positivity. The balance between two sides of clotting mechanisms needs to be understood with novel research.

Brown tumor (BT) is the pathological expression of osteitis fibrosa cystica owing to primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). It is a rare benign lesion of skeletal system that usually affects the facial bones, clavicles, ribs, pelvis and extremities. The purpose of this case report is to present the clinical, pathological and radiological findings of BT, rarely seen in adults, originating from the giant parathyroid adenoma and emerging as the first clinical sign of HPT. The patient underwent a successful parathyroidectomy operation and on the first postoperative day, the patient was discharged without any complications. Continuous...

HIV infection can manifest itself in many different clinical situations. In a pandemic such as COVID, when fever is of diagnostic importance and manifests itself with different clinical pictures, it is very difficult to distinguish the true cause of high fever. In this case report, we shared the process of diagnosing HIV infection in a patient with type 1 diabetes who presented with fever and neurological symptoms under pandemic conditions.

Aim:fSoft tissue sarcomas (STSs) account for 1% of cancers in the adult population. The treatment of choice is surgery but chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are frequently used due to aggressive cancer behavior or incomplete surgery. Doxorubicin-based regimens are the most frequently used chemotherapy combinations but real-life data about the efficacy and safety of these agents in our country is limited. We aimed to present clinicodemographic and prognostic features of STS cases treated with mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (MAID regimen).Materials and Methods:A total of forty-five STS cases who were diagnosed between 2007-2016 and treated with the MAID regimen as the initial therapy in Cukurova University were analyzed retrospectively. Associations between clinicodemographic parameters with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and with the logrank test. Univariate-multivariate analyses were used to assess the prognostic values of parameters for OS-PFS.Results:The median age of the patients was 49 and the most common STS subtypes were undifferentiated pleomorphic carcinoma (37.8%) followed by liposarcoma (17.8%) and leiomyosarcoma (13.3%). According to the AJCC TNM stages, 15.6% stage 1-2, 53.3% stage 3, and 31.1% stage 4 disease. The median PFS/OS were 17/39 months, respectively. The 5-year PFS/OS rates were 14%/32.5%, respectively. In univariate analyses, mitosis, necrosis, stage, and surgery were both prognostic for PFS-OS. However, in multivariate analysis, only stage was an independent prognostic factor both for PFS-OS.Conclusion:Stage was the only independent prognostic factor for both PFS-OS in patients with STS who received the MAID chemotherapy as initial therapy.

Abstract Background Use of medication can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs), unwanted or unexpected events, which are a major safety concern. Drug labels, or prescribing information or package inserts, describe ADRs. Therefore, systematically identifying ADR information from drug labels is critical in multiple aspects; however, this task is challenging due to the nature of the natural language of drug labels. Results In this paper, we present a machine learning- and rule-based system for the identification of ADR entity mentions in the text of drug labels and their normalization through the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) dictionary. The machine learning approach is based on a recently proposed deep learning architecture, which integrates bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) for entity recognition. The rule-based approach, used for normalizing the identified ADR mentions to MedDRA terms, is based on an extension of our in-house text-mining system, SciMiner. We evaluated our system on the Text Analysis Conference (TAC) Adverse Drug Reaction 2017 challenge test data set, consisting of 200 manually curated US FDA drug labels. Our ML-based system achieved 77.0% F1 score on the task of ADR mention recognition and 82.6% micro-averaged F1 score on the task of ADR normalization, while rule-based system achieved 67.4 and 77.6% F1 scores, respectively. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that a system composed of a deep learning architecture for entity recognition and a rule-based model for entity normalization is a promising approach for ADR extraction from drug labels.