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Background/Aim:Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity by damaging the kidneys due to high relative blood flow. In this study, the protective and therapeutic effects of CoQ10and vitamin E on GM-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated. Methods:Fifty Wistar Albino rats were used as live material in this study, which were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 animals. These groups, and the treatment they received, were as follows: a) control group: Physiological saline (i.p) for 8 days, b) GM group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/i.p for 8 days, c) GM+CoQ10 group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/i.p+ CoQ10 10 mg/kg/day/ i.p for 8 days, d) GM+ Vit E group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/i.p+ Vit E 250 mg/kg /day/ip administrated for 8 days, and e) GM+CoQ10+Vit E group: Gentamycin 80 mg/kg/day/ip + CoQ10 10 mg/kg/day/ip + Vitamin E 250 mg/kg /day/ip for 8 days. Following the test period, urea, creatinine, K, Na, Cl, retinol, vitamin D, and vitamin E levels of the subjects were measured in plasma, while MDA, GSH, AOPP, nitrite, nitrates, CAT, SOD, and GPx activities were measured in kidney tissues. Results:A severe nephrotoxic effect of GM administration in rats were detected as part of this study. The administration of CoQ10and vitamin E, alone or in combination, was not sufficient to repair the kidney damage at the histopathological level. However, the renal tissue enzyme levels, along with other related to oxidative stress and plasma biochemical parameter analyses, were found to have improved greatly with the administration of vitamin E. Conclusion:CoQ10and vitamin E can be suggested as supplementary agents to gentamicin treatment to prevent cell degeneration in the kidney and ensure healing

This study was carried out in order to examine a total of 40 drinking water samples taken from 20 locations selected from Mardin and Van provinces in terms of physical properties, heavy metal and mineral contents and to evaluate the quality of drinking water in accordance with the results obtained. Among the ion and mineral analyses of the samples, arsenic, copper, boron, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc analyses were made with Inductively Coupled Plasma and Mass Spectrometer, and magnesium analyses were made with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer. Fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, bromide, sulfate and phosphate analyses were also performed by Dionex ion chromatography. Conductivity, pH, ORP, TDS and minimum salt analyses were performed with the Myron L device. As a result of the study, the difference between the fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, bromide, boron, cadmium, cobalt, zinc, conductivity, TDS, ORP and temperature values of the water samples of the two provinces was found to be significant. In addition, drinking water containing heavy metals was found to be above the limit values set by the Regulation on Water Intended for Human Consumption, nickel was detected in water samples taken from Van, and phosphate was not detected in samples taken from Mardin. The remarkable issues in water samples taken from 40 different locations in two provinces are presented in articles and it has been emphasized that it is important for the people living in this region to present the detected defects to local governments, environmental and public health units and to eliminate the defects.

Objective: In this study, it was planned to examine the mineral levels in the milk of different breed dogs during the lactation period. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, zinc, manganese and iron concentrations were analyzed in dog milk throughout the lactation period.Materials and methods: In this research 6 Labradors, 6 German Shepherds, 6 Pointers, 5 Turkish Tazis, 5 Setters, 7 Malinois, and 5 Golden Retrievers (a total 40 dogs) of 3 to 4 years age were used as research materials, all of which were under same management and feeding conditions. All dogs were on diets appropriate for gestation and lactation periods. Adequate milk volume could be collected 2-3 weeks after parturition, and there were no known medical problems. Each day's samples were kept capped and refrigerated after being collected. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, zinc, manganese and iron, were analyzed by using Varian Brand 30/40 model AAS device. Results: The Ca, K, Na, Zn, Mn and Fe levels of milk samples from different dog breeds were found to have no significant difference . The highest Mg level was determined in Pointer breed milk samples, and the lowest was determined in Setter milk samples. The highest Cu levels amongst the inspected races were in Labrador milk samples, whereas the lowest levels were determined in Setter breeds. Conclusion:This data shows that most of the analyzed milk content of different breeds of dogs did not change significantly during the same lactation period, and any present difference could be taken into account when evaluating breeding studies.

It was aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on structural changes that occur in renal tissues of rats with streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (Control, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), GSE, Diabetes Mellitus+ GSE (DM + GSE) groups) each containing 8 rats. When GSE was given, the values of serum creatinine, BUN and uric acid in diabetics were decreased. Kidneys of diabetic group were found to have mild interstitial nephritis, tubular dilatation, hydropic degeneration, clotting necrosis in the tubular epithelium, dilatation in glomerulus and Bowman capsule, and hyperemia in glomerular capillaries. In the DM + GSE group, the glomeruli were normal, but hydropic degeneration was observed in some of the tubule epithelium. Only a few 8-OhDG positive cells were detected in tubule epithelium in the diabetes + grape seed group. The administration of GSE to diabetic patients helped to heal the deteriorated of kidney condition and DNA damage.

Farklı dokulardan yapılmış olan testis, ekzokrin ve endokrin aktiviteyesahiptir. Ekzokrin aktivitede tubulus semineforus , tubuli recti, rete testisve ductus efferent; testikular semenin (testikuler plazma içindeki spermatozoa)oluşmasından sorumludur. Diğer taraftan testikuler endokrin aktivite,interstisyel dokuda çeşitli steroid hormon sentezini ifade eder. Bunlardantestesteron, testislerden hedef dokuya temelde kan, kısmende kan yoluyla geçer.Birçok biyolojik fonksiyon üzerine etkilidir. Testiste spermatogenezisinbaşlaması ve düzenlenmesinde önemli görevi vardır. Ayrıca hipofiz bezindengonadotropinlerin salınmasında, pozitif azot dengesinin sağlanmasında, böbrek,karaciğer, deri ve saç foliküllerinde anabolik etkilere sahiptir

The objectivity of this study was to investigate some blood minerals and parameters in Honamligoats reared under semi-intensive conditions. 90 goats (2-4 ages) in different three herds kept undersimilar manage mental conditions were chosen as research materials in Teke Border of AntalyaProvince. Serum Ca 6.786±0.206 mg/dL, P 4.094±0.173 mg/dL, Cl 111.105±0.582 mmol/L, K4.519±0.066 mmol/L, Mg 2.161±0.05 mg/dL, Na 148.047±0.508 mmol/L, Fe 110.706±2.510μg/dL, UIBC 155.025±4.333 μg/dL and Tp 7.055±0.120 g/dL were determined by RocheDiagnostics, Cobas 8000 modular analyser series, immunoassay. After then, total iron- bindingcapacity (TIBC), transferrin (Tf), transferrin saturation (TSAT) and Ca++ levels were calculatedfrom each other using different biochemical formulas. Ratios between the some minerals werecalculated and presented in the text. Also, very high significant differences (P

The biochemical parameters in the blood vary according to age, gender, race, physiologicalstatus and geographical region. In this study, glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin (SER), totallipid, calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels in the blood samples belonging to threedifferent sheep breeds in Bandırma Sheep Research Farm were investigated. In the study, 49Kıvırcık, 49 Gökçeada and 10 Sakız sheep were used in the study. When the mean valuesbetween races were analyzed, GSH level was highest in Gökçeada race (19.03 ± 6.54 mg/dl)(p≤0.05) The amount of ceruloplasmin was found statistically significantly higher in Kıvırcıksheep (22.10 ± 9.57 mg / dl) compared to other breeds. No significant differences were foundbetween races in total protein, total lipid and Ca levels (p≥0.05). Pi levels were determined tobe slightly higher (4.23 ± 1.40 mg/dl)in Kıvırcık sheep compared to other sheep breeds andstatistical significance was determined. According to these results, the serum metabolicparameters belonging to three different races were not found to be significant, while thepolymorphic parameters such as GSH and SER were different among races. In these races, theproductive features such as meat, milk, wool and body weight gains and relationships betweenthese parameters should be examined.

The larval form of Echinococcus granulosus, hydatid cyst is an important parasitic zoonosis commonly seen in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of cystic echinococcosis with antioxidant / oxidant status in sheep sera. The material of the study was composed of sheep infected with hydatid cyst and healthy cut in slaughterhouse in Van province. The general health status of the sheep before slaughtering was checked by physical examination and blood samples were taken. After slaughtering, cyst hydatid examination was performed in different organs of the animals. The control group consisted of 25 sheep study cases with positive (fertil cyst) and 15 sheep without any pathological lesion on organ examinations and healthy on physical examination. Blood samples taken from animals infected with healthy and hydatid cysts were transported to the laboratory under appropriate conditions and centrifuged. Total antioxidant / oxidant status, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured by using commercial kits. Compared with cystic echinococcosis group and healthy group, the importance was calculated on the TAS, PON1 activities (P

For healthy and safe drinking water supply, monitoring and controlling thewater until it reaches the end consumer is very important , F,As, Cu, Fe, Mg,Ammonia analyzes were performed in the water samples taken from thevillages of Van Bardakçı, Çitoren, Kevenli Gölyazı and Tabanlı at YıldızUniversity Faculty of Science and Van YY Central Laboratory. Thoroughlywashed and rinsed with 1/50 diluted HCl and rinsed thoroughly into atransparent pet bottle. After 3-5 minutes of water to be sampled and rinsed atleast 3 times with the same water, water samples were taken. According tothese results, Cu level was found most in Gölyazı village, F, iron, ammoniaand As in Tabanlı village, and Mg was found in the highest amount inKevenli. The French hardness was found to be the highest in Tabanlı village.pH was found to be highest in Kevenli village and hardness was the highestin Gölyazı village. When the values obtained in this study are taken intoconsideration, it is seen that the composition of the waters of 4 differentvillages can be used as potable water, although their composition is different,except Tabanlı village that had high amount of As. It is necessary to find newwater resources in this village and local authorities must give necessaryimportance fort this case.Keywords: Ammonia, Heavy Metals, pH, Water Quality, Water Hardness

Karotenoidler genellikle yağda çözünen, bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünlere sarıdan kırmızıya kadar renk veren, birbiri ardına dizilmiş izoprenoidbirimlerinden oluşan tetraterpenoidler (C40) kategorisindeki bileşiklerdir.Karotenoidlerin renkleri moleküllerindeki konjuge çift bağlardan kaynaklanır. Konjüge çift bağların sayısı arttıkça renk de koyulaşır (DemmingAdams ve Adams, 2002). Bugüne kadar 700’den fazla karotenoid tanımlanmıştır. Bunların yaklaşık 50’si insan beslenmesinde bulunurken, 20’siinsan kanı ve dokularında mevcuttur. İnsan plazmasında bulunan bu karotenoidlerin bazıları; β-karoten, α-karoten, γ-karoten, likopen, ζ-karotenlutein, zeaksantin, β-kriptoksantin, kriptoksantin, nörosporen, fitofluen vefitoton sayılabilir.