Search

Your search keyword '"Merritt, D"' showing total 1,064 results
Start Over Author "Merritt, D"
1,064 results on '"Merritt, D"'

1. Critical Care of Spinal Cord Injury

Author

Zeller, Sabrina L., Stein, Alan, Frid, Ilya, Carpenter, Austin B., Soldozy, Sauson, Rawanduzy, Cameron, Rosenberg, Jon, Bauerschmidt, Andrew, Al-Mufti, Fawaz, Mayer, Stephan A., Kinon, Merritt D., and Wainwright, John V.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Mars Express: 20 Years of Mission, Science Operations and Data Archiving

Author

Cardesin-Moinelo, A., Godfrey, J., Grotheer, E., Blake, R., Damiani, S., Wood, S., Dressler, T., Bruno, M., Johnstone, A., Lucas, L., Marin-Yaseli de la Parra, J., Merritt, D., Sierra, M., Määttänen, A., Antoja-Lleonart, G., Breitfellner, M., Muniz, C., Nespoli, F., Riu, L., Ashman, M., Escalante, A., Geiger, B., Heather, D., Hepburn, A., Pistone, V., Raga, F., Valles, R., Companys, V., Martin, P., and Wilson, C.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. First year of coordinated science observations by Mars Express and ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Cardesin-Moinelo, A., Geiger, B., Lacombe, G., Ristic, B., Costa, M., Titov, D., Svedhem, H., Marin-Yaseli, J., Merritt, D., Martin, P., and Lopez-Valverde, M. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

In this paper we describe the first combined observations executed by the Mars Express and Trace Gas Orbiter missions since the start of the TGO operational phase in April 2018 until June 2019. Also included is the science opportunity analysis that has been performed by the Science Operation Centres and instrument teams to identify the observation opportunities until the end of 2020. These results provide a valuable contribution to the scientific community by enabling collaborations within the instrument teams and enhance the scientific outcome of both missions. This information is also valuable to other Mars missions, which may be interested in observing these locations for wider scientific collaboration.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Assessing the storage potential of seed collections to inform the management of wild species seed banks.

Author

Balasupramaniyam, S., Merritt, D. J., Hay, F. R., and Dalziell, E. L.

Abstract

Context: The storage of seed in seed banks is a primary strategy for the ex-situ conservation of plant species globally. However, changing practices have meant that institutions storing seeds for decades have often stored older collections sub-optimally for at least some of the storage time. Aims: Using banked seed collections at Kings Park and Botanic Garden (Perth, Western Australia), we aimed to assess the relative future longevity of several seed lots within 10 species. These seed lots had been stored for 4–34 years. Methods: We conducted germination assessments on seeds from 44 collections. We conducted a rapid ageing experiment for species with multiple accessions that retained high viability by subjecting seeds to 60% relative humidity at 45°C to determine the potential remaining longevity. Key results: Several collections of Brachyscome iberidifolia , Myriocephalus gueriniae , Olearia axillaris and O. pimeleoides banked in the 1980s and 1990s displayed 0% germination. Newer collections of B. iberidifolia , Hyalosperma cotula , O. axillaris , Panaetia lessonii , Podotheca angustifolia and Trachymene pilosa retained similarly high, consistent viability over time in storage. Rapid ageing of these collections showed that the time to 50% loss of viability (p 50) varied significantly and was not necessarily lowest for the oldest seed collections. Conclusions: Rapidly ageing seeds enabled us to determine that several species and individual collections have lower longevity and therefore need to be prioritised for more frequent viability monitoring, use, or recollection. Implications: This method could be used in wild species seed banks globally for making more informed decisions about historical and ageing seed collections. Seed banks play an important role in ex situ plant conservation. However, managing wild species seed banks is complex, with seeds ageing and dying at different rates. After germinating seeds of banked seed collections to determine viability, we rapidly aged collections with high viability to differentiate the longevity to guide curation activities including future retesting schedules. This method could be used by wild seed banks to make more informed decisions about historical and ageing seed collections. Photograph by Laura Skates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes: a search in the Nearby Universe

Author

Lena, D., Robinson, A., Marconi, A., Axon, D. J., Capetti, A., Merritt, D., and Batcheldor, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The coalescence of a binary black hole can be accompanied by a large gravitational recoil due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves. A recoiling supermassive black hole (SBH) can subsequently undergo long-lived oscillations in the potential well of its host galaxy, suggesting that offset SBHs may be common in the cores of massive ellipticals. We have analyzed HST archival images of 14 nearby core ellipticals, finding evidence for small ($\lesssim 10$ pc) displacements between the AGN (locating the SBH) and the center of the galaxy (the mean photocenter) in 10 of them. Excluding objects that may be affected by large-scale isophotal asymmetries, we consider six galaxies to have detected displacements, including M87, where a displacement was previously reported by Batcheldor et al. 2010. In individual objects, these displacements can be attributed to residual gravitational recoil oscillations following a major or minor merger within the last few Gyr. For plausible merger rates, however, there is a high probability of larger displacements than those observed, if SBH coalescence took place in these galaxies. Remarkably, the AGN-photocenter displacements are approximately aligned with the radio source axis in four of the six galaxies with displacements, including three of the four having relatively powerful kpc-scale jets. This suggests intrinsic asymmetries in radio jet power as a possible displacement mechanism, although approximate alignments are also expected for gravitational recoil. Orbital motion in SBH binaries and interactions with massive perturbers can produce the observed displacement amplitudes but do not offer a ready explanation for the alignments., Comment: 58 pages, 32 figures, 9 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Toward the way forward: building an emergency mental health system for Israel

Author

Schreiber, Merritt D

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Human Society, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Health Services, Mental Health, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Public Health and Health Services, Health services and systems, Public health, Policy and administration
Abstract

A number of related changes have evolved over the past 25 years: the development of a truly national disaster mental health service in Israel; progress in the science of risk, resilience and evidence base care for those suffering from traumatic stress related disorders; and the development of conceptual models of population level disaster mental health response in the context of emergency management systems such as the Incident Command System. In a recent IJHPR article, Bodas, et al. report on the dynamic history of disaster mental health response in Israel, which informed by the all too numerous real world events affecting the region. What is most striking is that the system now in place reflects true "lessons learned" in that problems and issues identified in incidents informed deliberative planning, and the current system reflects many iterations of "lessons observed and learned". There appears to be commitment across sectors of government in Israel that the mental health consequences of disasters and terrorism are important and a priority. This is advanced thinking and sound policy. As the system in Israel continues to evolve, additional possibilities are offered for further consideration, based on the author's US-centric experience, to advance emergency response systems in Israel, the Middle East and around the world.

Published
2015

20. A STIS Atlas of CaII Triplet Absorption Line Kinematics in Galactic Nuclei

Author

Batcheldor, D., Axon, D. J., Valluri, M., Mandalou, J., and Merritt, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The relations observed between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies suggest a fundamental link in the processes that cause these two objects to evolve. A more comprehensive understanding of these relations could be gained by increasing the number of supermassive black hole mass (M) measurements. This can be achieved, in part, by continuing to model the stellar dynamics at the centers of galactic bulges using data of the highest possible spatial resolution. Consequently, we present here an atlas of galaxies in the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) data archive that may have spectra suitable for new M estimates. Archived STIS G750M data for all non-barred galactic bulges are co-aligned and combined, where appropriate, and the radial signal-to-noise ratios calculated. The line-of-sight velocity distributions from the CaII triplet are then determined using a maximum penalized likelihood method. We find 19 out of 42 galaxies may provide useful new M estimates since they are found to have data that is comparable in quality with data that has been used in the past to estimate M. However, we find no relation between the signal-to-noise ratio in the previously analyzed spectra and the uncertainties of the black hole masses derived from the spectra. We also find that there is a very limited number of appropriately observed stellar templates in the archive from which to estimate the effects of template mismatching., Comment: 20 pages, 48 Figures

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. A Displaced Supermassive Black Hole in M87

Author

Batcheldor, D., Robinson, A., Axon, D. J., Perlman, E. S., and Merritt, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Isophotal analysis of M87, using data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys, reveals a projected displacement of 6.8 +/- 0.8 pc (~ 0.1 arcsec) between the nuclear point source (presumed to be the location of the supermassive black hole, SMBH) and the photo-center of the galaxy. The displacement is along a position angle of 307 +/- 17 degrees and is consistent with the jet axis. This suggests the active SMBH in M87 does not currently reside at the galaxy center of mass, but is displaced in the counter-jet direction. Possible explanations for the displacement include orbital motion of an SMBH binary, gravitational perturbations due to massive objects (e.g., globular clusters), acceleration by an asymmetric or intrinsically one-sided jet, and gravitational recoil resulting from the coalescence of an SMBH binary. The displacement direction favors the latter two mechanisms. However, jet asymmetry is only viable, at the observed accretion rate, for a jet age of >0.1 Gyr and if the galaxy restoring force is negligible. This could be the case in the low density core of M87. A moderate recoil ~1 Myr ago might explain the disturbed nature of the nuclear gas disk, could be aligned with the jet axis, and can produce the observed offset. Alternatively, the displacement could be due to residual oscillations resulting from a large recoil that occurred in the aftermath of a major merger any time in the last 1 Gyr., Comment: ApJ Letters accepted

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Measuring Black Hole Spin in OJ287

Author

Valtonen, M., Mikkola, S., Lehto, H. J., Hyvönen, T., Nilsson, K., Merritt, D., Gopakumar, A., Rampadarath, H., Hudec, R., Basta, M., and Saunders, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We model the binary black hole system OJ287 as a spinning primary and a non-spinning secondary. It is assumed that the primary has an accretion disk which is impacted by the secondary at specific times. These times are identified as major outbursts in the light curve of OJ287. This identification allows an exact solution of the orbit, with very tight error limits. Nine outbursts from both the historical photographic records as well as from recent photometric measurements have been used as fixed points of the solution: 1913, 1947, 1957, 1973, 1983, 1984, 1995, 2005 and 2007 outbursts. This allows the determination of eight parameters of the orbit. Most interesting of these are the primary mass of $1.84\cdot 10^{10} M_\odot$, the secondary mass $1.46\cdot 10^{8} M_\odot$, major axis precession rate $39^\circ.1$ per period, and the eccentricity of the orbit 0.70. The dimensionless spin parameter is $0.28\:\pm\:0.01$ (1 sigma). The last parameter will be more tightly constrained in 2015 when the next outburst is due. The outburst should begin on 15 December 2015 if the spin value is in the middle of this range, on 3 January 2016 if the spin is 0.25, and on 26 November 2015 if the spin is 0.31. We have also tested the possibility that the quadrupole term in the Post Newtonian equations of motion does not exactly follow Einstein's theory: a parameter $q$ is introduced as one of the 8 parameters. Its value is within 30% (1 sigma) of the Einstein's value $q = 1$. This supports the $no-hair theorem$ of black holes within the achievable precision. We have also measured the loss of orbital energy due to gravitational waves. The loss rate is found to agree with Einstein's value with the accuracy of 2% (1 sigma)., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, IAU261

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Measuring the spin of the primary black hole in OJ287

Author

Valtonen, M. J., Mikkola, S., Merritt, D., Gopakumar, A., Lehto, H. J., Hyvönen, T., Rampadarath, H., Saunders, R., Basta, M., and Hudec, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The compact binary system in OJ287 is modelled to contain a spinning primary black hole with an accretion disk and a non-spinning secondary black hole. Using Post Newtonian (PN) accurate equations that include 2.5PN accurate non-spinning contributions, the leading order general relativistic and classical spin-orbit terms, the orbit of the binary black hole in OJ287 is calculated and as expected it depends on the spin of the primary black hole. Using the orbital solution, the specific times when the orbit of the secondary crosses the accretion disk of the primary are evaluated such that the record of observed outbursts from 1913 up to 2007 is reproduced. The timings of the outbursts are quite sensitive to the spin value. In order to reproduce all the known outbursts, including a newly discovered one in 1957, the Kerr parameter of the primary has to be $0.28 \pm 0.08$. The quadrupole-moment contributions to the equations of motion allow us to constrain the `no-hair' parameter to be $1.0\:\pm\:0.3$ where 0.3 is the one sigma error. This supports the `black hole no-hair theorem' within the achievable precision. It should be possible to test the present estimate in 2015 when the next outburst is due. The timing of the 2015 outburst is a strong function of the spin: if the spin is 0.36 of the maximal value allowed in general relativity, the outburst begins in early November 2015, while the same event starts in the end of January 2016 if the spin is 0.2, Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei

Author

Valtonen, M. J., Mikkola, S., Merritt, D., Gopakumar, A., Lehto, H. J., Hyvönen, T., Rampadarath, H., Saunders, R., Basta, M., and Hudec, R.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Supermassive black holes are common in centers of galaxies. Among the active galaxies, quasars are the most extreme, and their black hole masses range as high as to $6\cdot 10^{10} M_\odot$. Binary black holes are of special interest but so far OJ287 is the only confirmed case with known orbital elements. In OJ287, the binary nature is confirmed by periodic radiation pulses. The period is twelve years with two pulses per period. The last four pulses have been correctly predicted with the accuracy of few weeks, the latest in 2007 with the accuracy of one day. This accuracy is high enough that one may test the higher order terms in the Post Newtonian approximation to General Relativity. The precession rate per period is $39^\circ.1 \pm 0^\circ.1$, by far the largest rate in any known binary, and the $(1.83\pm 0.01)\cdot 10^{10} M_\odot$ primary is among the dozen biggest black holes known. We will discuss the various Post Newtonian terms and their effect on the orbit solution. The over 100 year data base of optical variations in OJ287 puts limits on these terms and thus tests the ability of Einstein's General Relativity to describe, for the first time, dynamic binary black hole spacetime in the strong field regime. The quadrupole-moment contributions to the equations of motion allows us to constrain the `no-hair' parameter to be $1.0\:\pm\:0.3$ which supports the black hole no-hair theorem within the achievable precision., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, IAU261: Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy

Published
2009

27. The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey: V - Compact Stellar Systems in the Coma Cluster

Author

Price, J., Phillipps, S., Huxor, A., Trentham, N., Ferguson, H. C., Marzke, R. O., Hornschemeier, A., Goudfrooij, P., Hammer, D., Tully, R. B., Chiboucas, K., Smith, R. J., Carter, D., Merritt, D., Balcells, M., Erwin, P., and Puzia, T. H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The HST ACS Coma Cluster Treasury Survey is a deep two passband imaging survey of the nearest very rich cluster of galaxies, covering a range of galaxy density environments. The imaging is complemented by a recent wide field redshift survey of the cluster conducted with Hectospec on the 6.5m MMT. Among the many scientific applications for this data are the search for compact galaxies. In this paper, we present the discovery of seven compact (but quite luminous) stellar systems, ranging from M32-like galaxies down to ultra-compact dwarfs (UCDs)/dwarf to globular transition objects (DGTOs). We find that all seven compact galaxies require a two-component fit to their light profile and have measured velocity dispersions that exceed those expected for typical early-type galaxies at their luminosity. From our structural parameter analysis we conclude that three of the sample should be classified as compact ellipticals or M32-like galaxies, the remaining four being less extreme systems. The three compact ellipticals are all found to have old luminosity weighted ages (> 12 Gyr), intermediate metallicities (-0.6 < [Fe/H] < -0.1) and high [Mg/Fe] (> 0.25). Our findings support a tidal stripping scenario as the formation mode of compact galaxies covering the luminosity range studied here. We speculate that at least two early-type morphologies may serve as the progenitor of compact galaxies in clusters., Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Proof typos corrected

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. The Galactic Center: A Laboratory for Fundamental Astrophysics and Galactic Nuclei

Author

Ghez, A., Morris, M., Lu, J., Weinberg, N., Matthews, K., Alexander, T., Armitage, P., Becklin, E., Brown, W., Campbell, R., Do, T., Eckart, A., Genzel, R., Gould, A., Hansen, B., Ho, L., Lo, F., Loeb, A., Melia, F., Merritt, D., Milosavljevic, M., Perets, H., Rasio, F., Reid, M., Salim, S., Schoedel, R., and Yelda, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

As the closest example of a galactic nucleus, the Galactic center presents an exquisite laboratory for learning about supermassive black holes (SMBH) and their environs. Detailed studies of stellar dynamics deep in the potential well of a galaxy, with exisiting and future large ground-based telescopes, offer several exciting directions in the coming decade. First, it will be possible to obtain precision measurements of the Galaxy's central potential, providing both a unique test of General Relativity (GR) and a detection of the extended dark matter distribution that is predicted to exist around the SMBH. Tests of gravity have not previously been possible on the mass scale of a SMBH. Similarly, only upper limits on the extended matter distribution on small scales currently exist; detection of dark matter on these scales is an important test of Lambda-CDM and the detection of stellar remnants would reveal a population that may dominate the stellar dynamics on the smallest scales. Second, our detailed view of the SMBH and its local gas and stellar environment provides insight into how SMBHs at the centers of galaxies form, grow and interact with their environs as well as on the exotic processes at work in the densest stellar clusters in the Universe. The key questions, still unanswered, of when and how SMBHs formed in the early universe, and the myriad ways in which feedback from SMBHs can affect structure formation, can be informed by directly observing the physical processes operating at the SMBH., Comment: An ASTRO2010 White Paper. Animations and high resolution images can be found at http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~ghezgroup/gc/pictures/Future_GCorbits.shtml

Published
2009

29. The nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way: proper motions and mass

Author

Schoedel, R., Merritt, D., and Eckart, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are located at the photometric and dynamical centers of the majority of galaxies. They are among the densest star clusters in the Universe. The NSC in the Milky Way is the only object of this class that can be resolved into individual stars. We measured the proper motions of more than 6000 stars within ~1.0 pc of the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. The full data set is provided in this work. We largely exclude the known early-type stars with their peculiar dynamical properties from the dynamical analysis. The cluster is found to rotate parallel to Galactic rotation, while the velocity dispersion appears isotropic (or anisotropy may be masked by the cluster rotation). The Keplerian fall-off of the velocity dispersion due to the point mass of Sgr A* is clearly detectable only at R <~ 0.3 pc. Nonparametric isotropic and anisotropic Jeans models are applied to the data. They imply a best-fit black hole mass of 3.6 (+0.2/-0.4) x 10^6 solar masses. Although this value is slightly lower than the current canonical value of 4.0x10^6 solar masses, this is the first time that a proper motion analysis provides a mass for Sagittarius A* that is consistent with the mass inferred from orbits of individual stars. The point mass of Sagittarius A* is not sufficient to explain the velocity data. In addition to the black hole, the models require the presence of an extended mass of 0.5-1.5x10^6 solar masses in the central parsec. This is the first time that the extended mass of the nuclear star cluster is unambiguously detected. The influence of the extended mass on the gravitational potential becomes notable at distances >~0.4 pc from Sgr A*. Constraints on the distribution of this extended mass are weak. The extended mass can be explained well by the mass of the stars that make up the cluster., Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; please contact first author for higher quality figures

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Post-Newtonian simulations of super-massive black hole binaries in galactic nuclei

Author

Berentzen, I., Preto, M., Berczik, P., Merritt, D., and Spurzem, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present some preliminary results from recent numerical simulations that model the evolution of super-massive black hole (SMBH) binaries in galactic nuclei. Including the post-Newtonian terms for the binary system and adopting appropriate models for the galaxies allows us, for the first time, to follow the evolution of SMBH binaries from kpc scales down to the coalescence phase. We use our results to make predictions of the detectability of such events with the gravitational wave detector LISA., Comment: Comments: 4 pages, 6 figures, pre-peer reviewed version. In: Galactic and stellar dynamics in the era of high-resolution surveys, Boily C., Combes F., Hensler G., eds., Strasbourg (France), March 2008. (Astronomische Nachrichten, in press)

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. The nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way

Author

Schoedel, R., Merritt, D., and Eckart, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way is a unique target in the Universe. Contrary to extragalactic nuclear star clusters, using current technology it can be resolved into tens of thousands of individual stars. This allows us to study in detail its spatial and velocity structure as well as the different stellar populations that make up the cluster. Moreover, the Milky Way is one of the very few cases where we have firm evidence for the co-existence of a nuclear star cluster with a central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*. The number density of stars in the Galactic center nuclear star cluster can be well described, at distances $\gtrsim1$ pc from Sagittarius A*, by a power-law of the form $\rho(r)\propto r^{-\gamma}$ with an index of $\gamma\approx1.8$. In the central parsec the index of the power-law becomes much flatter and decreases to $\gamma\approx1.2$. We present proper motions for more than 6000 stars within 1 pc in projection from the central black hole. The cluster appears isotropic at projected distances $\gtrsim0.5$ pc from Sagittarius A*. Outside of 0.5 pc and out to 1.0 pc the velocity dispersion appears to stay constant. A robust result of our Jeans modeling of the data is the required presence of $0.5-2.0\times10^{6} M_{\odot}$ of extended (stellar) mass in the central parsec of the Galaxy., Comment: To appear in the proceedings of "The Universe under the Microscope - Astrophysics at High Angular Resolution", Journal of Physics:Conference Series (IOP; http://www.iop.org/EJ/conf) This version has been slightly modified (e.g. double-log plot in right hand panel of Figure 5)

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. A Hybrid N-Body Code Incorporating Algorithmic Regularization and Post-Newtonian Forces

Author

Harfst, S., Gualandris, A., Merritt, D., and Mikkola, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe a novel N-body code designed for simulations of the central regions of galaxies containing massive black holes. The code incorporates Mikkola's 'algorithmic' chain regularization scheme including post-Newtonian terms up to PN2.5 order. Stars moving beyond the chain are advanced using a fourth-order integrator with forces computed on a GRAPE board. Performance tests confirm that the hybrid code achieves better energy conservation, in less elapsed time, than the standard scheme and that it reproduces the orbits of stars tightly bound to the black hole with high precision. The hybrid code is applied to two sample problems: the effect of finite-N gravitational fluctuations on the orbits of the S-stars; and inspiral of an intermediate-mass black hole into the galactic center., Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Self-consistent models of triaxial cuspy galaxies with dark matter halos

Author

Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Leccese, L., Merritt, D., and Vicari, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have constructed realistic, self-consistent models of triaxial elliptical galaxies embedded in triaxial dark matter halos. Self-consistent solutions by means of the standard orbital superposition technique introduced by Schwarzschild were found in each of the three cases studied. Chaotic orbits were found to be important in all of the models, and their presence was shown to imply a possible slow evolution of the shapes of the halos. The equilibrium velocity distribution is reproduced by a Lorentzian function better than by a Gaussian. Our results demonstrate for the first time that triaxial dark matter halos can co-exist with triaxial galaxies., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, presented at the Conference Pathways Through an Eclectic Universe, Tenerife, Spain, 23rd to 27th April, 2007, ASP Conf. Ser., in press

Published
2007

41. The structure of the nuclear stellar cluster of the Milky Way

Author

Schoedel, R., Eckart, A., Alexander, T., Merritt, D., Genzel, R., Sternberg, A., Meyer, L., Kul, F., Moultaka, J., Ott, T., and Straubmeier, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present high-resolution seeing limited and AO NIR imaging observations of the stellar cluster within about one parsec of Sgr A*, the massive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. Stellar number counts and the diffuse background light density were extracted from these observations in order to examine the structure of the nuclear stellar cluster.Our findings are as follows: (a) A broken-power law provides an excellent fit to the overall structure of the GC nuclear cluster. The power-law slope of the cusp is $\Gamma=0.19\pm0.05$, the break radius is $R_{\rm break} = 6.0'' \pm 1.0''$ or $0.22\pm0.04$ pc, and the cluster density decreases with a power-law index of $\Gamma=0.75\pm0.1$ outside of $R_{\rm break}$. (b) Using the best velocity dispersion measurements from the literature, we derive higher mass estimates for the central parsec than assumed until now. The inferred density of the cluster at the break radius is $2.8\pm1.3\times 10^{6} {\rm M_{\odot} pc^{-3}}$. This high density agrees well with the small extent and flat slope of the cusp. Possibly, the mass of the stars makes up only about 50% of the total cluster mass. (c) Possible indications of mass segregation in the cusp are found (d) The cluster appears not entirely homogeneous. Several density clumps are detected that are concentrated at projected distances of $R=3''$ and $R=7''$ from Sgr A*.(e) There appears to exist an under-density of horizontal branch/red clump stars near $R=5''$, or an over-density of stars of similar brightness at $R=3''$ and $R=7''$. (f) The extinction map in combination with cometary-like features in an L'-band image may provide support for the assumption of an outflow from Sgr A*., Comment: accepted for publication by A&A; please contact first author for higher quality figures

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Self-consistent models of cuspy triaxial galaxies with dark matter haloes

Author

Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Leccese, L., Merritt, D., and Vicari, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have constructed realistic, self-consistent models of triaxial elliptical galaxies embedded in triaxial dark matter haloes. We examined three different models for the shape of the dark matter halo: (i) the same axis ratios as the luminous matter (0.7:0.86:1); (ii) a more prolate shape (0.5:0.66:1); (iii) a more oblate shape (0.7:0.93:1). The models were obtained by means of the standard orbital superposition technique introduced by Schwarzschild. Self-consistent solutions were found in each of the three cases. Chaotic orbits were found to be important in all of the models,and their presence was shown to imply a possible slow evolution of the shapes of the haloes. Our results demonstrate for the first time that triaxial dark matter haloes can co-exist with triaxial galaxies., Comment: Latex paper based on the AASTEX format, 20 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Paper submitted to ApJ

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Integral Field Spectroscopy of 23 Spiral Bulges

Author

Batcheldor, D., Axon, D., Merritt, D., Hughes, M. A., Marconi, A., Binney, J., Capetti, A., Merrifield, M., Scarlata, C., and Sparks, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have obtained Integral Field Spectroscopy for 23 spiral bulges using INTEGRAL on the William Herschel Telescope and SPIRAL on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. This is the first 2D survey directed solely at the bulges of spiral galaxies. Eleven galaxies of the sample do not have previous measurements of the stellar velocity dispersion (sigma*). These data are designed to complement our Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph program for estimating black hole masses in the range 10^6-10^8M_sun using gas kinematics from nucleated disks. These observations will serve to derive the stellar dynamical bulge properties using the traditional Mgb and CaII triplets. We use both Cross Correlation and Maximum Penalized Likelihood to determine projected sigma* in these systems and present radial velocity fields, major axis rotation curves, curves of growth and sigma* fields. Using the Cross Correlation to extract the low order 2D stellar dynamics we generally see coherent radial rotation and irregular velocity dispersion fields suggesting that sigma* is a non-trivial parameter to estimate., Comment: 11 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Kakkar, Ajay K., Bassand, Jean-Pierre, John Camm, A., Fitzmaurice, David A., Goldhaber, Samuel Z., Goto, Shinya, Haas, Sylvia, Hacke, Werner, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Misselwitz, Frank, Pieper, Karen S., Turpie, Alexander G.G., van Eickels, Martin, Verheugt, Freek W.A., Kayani, Gloria, Fox, Keith A.A., Gersh, Bernard J., Luciardi, Hector Lucas, Gibbs, Harry, Brodmann, Marianne, Cools, Frank, Barretto, Antonio Carlos Pereira, Connolly, Stuart J., Spyropoulos, Alex, Eikelboom, John, Corbalan, Ramon, Hu, Dayi, Jansky, Petr, Nielsen, Jørn Dalsgaard, Ragy, Hany, Raatikainen, Pekka, Le Heuzey, Jean-Yves, Darius, Harald, Keltai, Matyas, Kakkar, Sanjay, Sawhney, Jitendra Pal Singh, Agnelli, Giancarlo, Ambrosio, Giuseppe, Koretsune, Yukihiro, Sánchez Díaz, Carlos Jerjes, Ten Cate, Hugo, Atar, Dan, Stepinska, Janina, Panchenko, Elizaveta, Lim, Toon Wei, Jacobson, Barry, Oh, Seil, Viñolas, Xavier, Rosenqvist, Marten, Steffel, Jan, Angchaisuksiri, Pantep, Oto, Ali, Parkhomenko, Alex, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Fitzmaurice, David, Hu, D.Y., Chen, K.N., Zhao, Y.S., Zhang, H.Q., Chen, J.Z., Cao, S.P., Wang, D.W., Yang, Y.J., Li, W.H., Yin, Y.H., Tao, G.Z., Yang, P., Chen, Y.M., He, S.H., Wang, Ying, Wang, Yong, Fu, G.S., Li, X., Wu, T.G., Cheng, X.S., Yan, X.W., Zhao, R.P., Chen, M.S., Xiong, L.G., Chen, P., Jiao, Y., Guo, Y., Xue, L., Wang, F.Z., Li, H., Yang, Z.M., Bai, C.L., Chen, J., Chen, J.Y., Chen, X., Feng, S., Fu, Q.H., Gao, X.J., Guo, W.N., He, R.H., He, X.A., Hu, X.S., Huang, X.F., Li, B., Li, J., Li, L., Li, Y.H., Liu, T.T., Liu, W.L., Liu, Y.Y., Lu, Z.C., Luo, X.L., Ma, T.Y., Peng, J.Q., Sheng, X., Shi, X.J., Sun, Y.H., Tian, G., Wang, K., Wang, L., Wu, R.N., Xie, Q., Xu, R.Y., Yang, J.S., Yang, L.L., Yang, Q., Ye, Y., Yu, H.Y., Yu, J.H., Yu, T., Zhai, H., Zhan, Q., Zhang, G.S., Zhang, Q., Zhang, R., Zhang, Y., Zheng, W.Y., Zhou, B., Zhou, Z.H., Zhu, X.Y., Kakkar, S., Sawhney, J.P.S., Jadhav, P., Durgaprasad, R., Ravi Shankar, A.G., Rajput, R.K., Bhargava, K., Sarma, R., Srinivas, A., Roy, D., Nagamalesh, U.M., Chopda, M., Kishore, R., Kulkarni, G., Chandwani, P., Pothiwala, R.A., Padinhare Purayil, M., Shah, S., Chawla, K., Kothiwale, V.A., Raghuraman, B., Vijayaraghavan, G., Vijan, V.M., Bantwal, G., Bisne, V., Khan, A., Gupta, J.B., Kumar, S., Jain, D., Abraham, S., Adak, D., Barai, A., Begum, H., Bhattacharjee, P., Dargude, M., Davies, D., Deshpande, B., Dhakrao, P., Dhyani, V., Duhan, S., Earath, M., Ganatra, A., Giradkar, S., Jain, V., Karthikeyan, R., Kasala, L., Kaur, S., Krishnappa, S., Lawande, A., Lokesh, B., Madarkar, N., Meena, R., More, P., Naik, D., Prashanth, K., Rao, M., Rao, N.M., Sadhu, N., Shah, D., Sharma, M., Shiva, P., Singhal, S., Suresh, S., Vanajakshamma, V., Panse, S.G., Koretsune, Y., Kanamori, S., Yamamoto, K., Kumagai, K., Katsuda, Y., Sadamatsu, K., Toyota, F., Mizuno, Y., Misumi, I., Noguchi, H., Ando, S., Suetsugu, T., Minamoto, M., Oda, Hiroshi, Shiraishi, K., Adachi, S., Chiba, K., Norita, H., Tsuruta, M., Koyanagi, T., Ando, H., Higashi, T., Okada, K., Azakami, S., Komaki, S., Kumeda, K., Murayama, T., Matsumura, J., Oba, Y., Sonoda, R., Goto, K., Minoda, K., Haraguchi, Y., Suefuji, H., Miyagi, H., Kato, H., Nakamura, Tadashi, Nakamura, Tsugihiro, Nandate, H., Zaitsu, R., Fujiura, Yoshihisa, Yoshimura, A., Numata, H., Ogawa, J., Tatematsu, H., Kamogawa, Y., Murakami, K., Wakasa, Y., Yamasawa, M., Maekawa, H., Abe, S., Kihara, H., Tsunoda, S., Saito, Katsumi, Saito, Kazuyuki, Fudo, T., Obunai, K., Tachibana, H., Oba, I., Kuwahata, T., Higa, S., Gushiken, M., Eto, T., Yoshida, H., Ikeda, D., Fujiura, Yoshitake, Ishizawa, M., Nakatsuka, M., Murata, K., Ogurusu, C., Shimoyama, M., Akutsu, M., Takamura, I., Hoshino, F., Yokota, N., Iwao, T., Tsuchida, K., Takeuchi, M., Hatori, Y., Kitami, Y., Nakamura, Yoichi, Oyama, R., Ageta, M., Oda, Hiroyuki, Go, Y., Mishima, K., Unoki, T., Morii, S., Shiga, Yuhei, Sumi, H., Nagatomo, T., Sanno, K., Fujisawa, K., Atsuchi, Y., Nagoshi, T., Seto, T., Tabuchi, T., Kameko, M., Nii, K., Oshiro, K., Takezawa, H., Nagano, S., Miyamoto, N., Iwaki, M., Nakamura, Yuichiro, Fujii, M., Okawa, M., Abe, Masahiko, Abe, Masatake, Abe, Mitsunori, Saito, T., Mito, T., Nagao, K., Minami, J., Mita, T., Sakuma, I., Taguchi, T., Marusaki, S., Doi, H., Tanaka, M., Fujito, T., Matsuta, M., Kusumoto, T., Kakinoki, S., Ashida, K., Yoshizawa, N., Agata, J., Arasaki, O., Manita, M., Ikemura, M., Fukuoka, S., Murakami, H., Matsukawa, S., Hata, Y., Taniguchi, T., Ko, T., Kubo, H., Imamaki, M., Akiyama, M., Inagaki, M., Odakura, H., Ueda, T., Katsube, Y., Nakata, A., Watanabe, H., Techigawara, M., Igarashi, M., Taga, K., Kimura, T., Tomimoto, S., Shibuya, M., Nakano, M., Ito, K., Seo, T., Hiramitsu, S., Hosokawa, H., Hoshiai, M., Hibino, M., Miyagawa, K., Horie, Hajime, Sugishita, N., Shiga, Yukio, Soma, A., Neya, K., Yoshida, Tetsuro, Yoshida, Tomoki, Mizuguchi, M., Ishiguro, M., Minagawa, T., Wada, M., Mukawa, H., Okuda, F., Nagasaka, S., Abe, Y., Adachi, Sen, Adachi, Susumu, Adachi, T., Akahane, K., Amano, T., Aoki, K., Aoyama, T., Arai, H., Arima, S., Arino, T., Asano, H., Asano, T., Azuma, J., Baba, T., Betsuyaku, T., Chibana, H., Date, H., Doiuchi, J., Emura, Y., Endo, M., Fujii, Y., Fujiki, R., Fujisawa, A., Fujisawa, Y., Fukuda, T., Fukui, T., Furukawa, N., Furukawa, T., Furumoto, W., Goto, T., Hamaoka, M., Hanazono, N., Hasegawa, K., Hatsuno, T., Hayashi, Y., Higuchi, K., Hirasawa, K., Hirayama, H., Hirose, M., Hirota, S., Honda, M., Horie, Hideki, Ido, T., Iiji, O., Ikeda, H., Ikeda, K., Ikeoka, K., Imaizumi, M., Inaba, H., Inoue, T., Iseki, F., Ishihara, A., Ishioka, N., Ito, N., Iwase, T., Kakuda, H., Kamata, J., Kanai, H., Kanda, H., Kaneko, M., Kano, H., Kasai, T., Kato, T., Kato, Y., Kawada, Y., Kawai, K., Kawakami, K., Kawakami, S., Kawamoto, T., Kawano, S., Kim, J., Kira, T., Kitazawa, H., Kitazumi, H., Kito, T., Kobayashi, T., Koeda, T., Kojima, J., Komatsu, H., Komatsu, I., Koshibu, Y., Kotani, T., Kozuka, T., Kumai, Y., Kumazaki, T., Maeda, I., Maeda, K., Maruyama, Y., Matsui, S., Matsushita, K., Matsuura, Y., Mineoi, K., Mitsuhashi, H., Miura, N., Miyaguchi, S., Miyajima, S., Miyamoto, H., Miyashita, A., Miyata, S., Mizuguchi, I., Mizuno, A., Mori, T., Moriai, O., Morishita, K., Murai, O., Nagai, Sho, Nagai, Shunichi, Nagata, E., Nagata, H., Nakagomi, A., Nakahara, S., Nakamura, M., Nakamura, R., Nakanishi, N., Nakayama, T., Nakazato, R., Nanke, T., Nariyama, J., Niijima, Y., Niinuma, H., Nishida, Y., Nishihata, Y., Nishino, K., Nishioka, H., Nishizawa, K., Niwa, I., Nomura, K., Nomura, S., Nozoe, M., Ogawa, T., Ohara, N., Okada, M., Okamoto, K., Okita, H., Okuyama, M., Ono, H., Ono, T., Onuki Pearce, Y., Oriso, S., Ota, A., Otaki, E., Saito, Y., Sakai, H., Sakamoto, N., Sakamoto, Y., Samejima, Y., Sasagawa, Y., Sasaguri, H., Sasaki, A., Sasaki, T., Sato, Kazuki, Sato, Kiyoharu, Sawano, M., Seki, S., Sekine, Y., Seta, Y., Sezaki, K., Shibata, N., Shiina, Y., Shimono, H., Shimoyama, Y., Shindo, T., Shinohara, H., Shinohe, R., Shinozuka, T., Shirai, T., Shiraiwa, T., Shozawa, Y., Suga, T., Sugimoto, C., Suzuki, Kazuo, Suzuki, Keita, Suzuki, Shu, Suzuki, Shunji, Suzuki, Susumu, Suzuki, Y., Tada, M., Taguchi, A., Takagi, T., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, S., Takai, H., Takanaka, C., Take, S., Takeda, H., Takei, K., Takenaka, K., Tana, T., Tanabe, G., Taya, K., Teragawa, H., Tohyo, S., Toru, S., Tsuchiya, Y., Tsuji, T., Tsuzaki, K., Uchiyama, H., Ueda, O., Ueyama, Y., Wakaki, N., Wakiyama, T., Washizuka, T., Watanabe, M., Yamada, T., Yamagishi, T., Yamaguchi, H., Yamamoto, Kenichi, Yamamoto, Kentaro, Yamamoto, Kunihiko, Yamamoto, T., Yamaura, M., Yamazoe, M., Yasui, K., Yokoyama, Y., Yoshida, K., Lim, T.W., Ching, C.K., Foo, C.G., Chow, J.H., Chen, D.D., Jaufeerally, F.R., Lee, Y.M., Lim, G., Lim, W.T., Thng, S., Yap, S.Y., Yeo, C., Oh, S., Pak, H.N., Kim, J.-B., Kim, J.H., Jang, S.-W., Kim, D.H., Ryu, D.R., Park, S.W., Kim, D.-K., Choi, D.J., Oh, Y.S., Cho, M.-C., Kim, S.-H., Jeon, H.-K., Shin, D.-G., Park, J.S., Park, H.K., Han, S.-J., Sung, J.H., Cho, J.-G., Nam, G.-B., On, Y.K., Lim, H.E., Kwak, J.J., Cha, T.-J., Hong, T.J., Park, S.H., Yoon, J.H., Kim, N.-H., Kim, K.-S., Jung, B.C., Hwang, G.-S., Kim, C.-J., Kim, D.B., Ahn, J.J., An, H.J., Bae, H., Baek, A.L., Chi, W.J., Choi, E.A., Choi, E.H., Choi, H.K., Choi, H.S., Han, S., Heo, E.S., Her, K.O., Hwang, S.W., Jang, E.M., Jang, H.-S., Jang, S., Jeon, H.-G., Jeon, S.R., Jeon, Y.R., Jeong, H.K., Jung, I.-A., Kim, Hyeon Jeong, Kim, Hyun Ju, Kim, Ji Seon, Kim, Jung Sook, Kim, J.A., Kim, K.T., Kim, M.S., Kim, Sang Hee, Kim, Sang Hyun, Kim, Y.-I., Lee, C.S., Lee, E.H., Lee, G.H., Lee, H.Y., Lee, H.-Y., Lee, K.H., Lee, K.R., Lee, M.S., Lee, M.-Y., Lee, R.W., Lee, S.E., Lee, S.H., Lee, S., Lee, W.Y., Noh, I.K., Park, A.R., Park, B.R., Park, H.N., Park, J.H., Park, M., Park, Y., Seo, S.-Y., Shim, J., Sim, J.H., Sohn, Y.M., Son, W.S., Son, Y.S., Song, H.J., Wi, H.K., Woo, J.J., Ye, S., Yim, K.H., Yoo, K.M., Yoon, E.J., Yun, S.Y., Angchaisuksiri, P., Chawanadelert, S., Mongkolwongroj, P., Kanokphatcharakun, K., Cheewatanakornkul, S., Laksomya, T., Pattanaprichakul, S., Chantrarat, T., Rungaramsin, S., Silaruks, S., Wongcharoen, W., Siriwattana, K., Likittanasombat, K., Katekangplu, P., Boonyapisit, W., Cholsaringkarl, D., Chatlaong, B., Chattranukulchai, P., Santanakorn, Y., Hutayanon, P., Khunrong, P., Bunyapipat, T., Jai-Aue, S., Kaewsuwanna, P., Bamungpong, P., Gunaparn, S., Hongsuppinyo, S., Inphontan, R., Khattaroek, R., Khunkong, K., Kitmapawanont, U., Kongsin, C., Naratreekoon, B., Ninwaranon, S., Phangyota, J., Phrommintikul, A., Phunpinyosak, P., Pongmorakot, K., Poomiphol, S., Pornnimitthum, N., Pumprueg, S., Ratchasikaew, S., Sanit, K., Sawanyawisuth, K., Silaruks, B., Sirichai, R., Sriwichian, A., Suebjaksing, W., Sukklad, P., Suttana, T., Tangsirira, A., Thangpet, O., Tiyanon, W., Vorasettakarnkij, Y., Wisaratapong, T., Wongtheptien, W., Wutthimanop, A., Yawila, S., Oto, A., Altun, A., Ozdogru, I., Ozdemir, K., Yilmaz, O., Aydinlar, A., Yilmaz, M.B., Yeter, E., Ongen, Z., Cayli, M., Pekdemir, H., Ozdemir, M., Sucu, M., Sayin, T., Demir, M., Yorgun, H., Ersanli, M., Okuyan, E., Aras, D., Abdelrahman, H., Aktas, O., Alpay, D., Aras, F., Bireciklioglu, M.F., Budeyri, S., Buyukpapuc, M., Caliskan, S., Esen, M., Felekoglu, M.A., Genc, D., Ikitimur, B., Karaayvaz, E.B., Kılıç Karataş, S., Okutucu, S., Ozcelik, E., Quisi, A., Sag, H., Sahiner, L., Sayin, B.Y., Seker, T., Uzun Alkan, D., Yildirim, E., Yildirim, R., Yilmaz, F., Yuksekdag, V., Luciardi, H.L., Vensentini, N., Ingaramo, A.C., Sambadaro, G.A., Fernandez Caputi, V., Berman, S.G., Dragotto, P., Kleiban, A.J., Centurion, N., Giacomi, G., Ahuad Guerrero, R.A., Conde, D., Zapata, G., Di Paola, L.A., Ramos, J.L., Dran, R.D., Egido, J., Fernandez, A.A., Fosco, M.J., Sassone, S., Sinisi, V.A., Cartasegna, L.R., Berli, M.A., Gomez Vilamajo, O.A., Ferroni, F., Alaguibe, E.D., Alvarez D'Amelio, A., Arabetti, C., Arias, L., Belardi, J.A., Bergesio, L., Berli, F., Berli, M., Borchowiec, S., Buzzetti, C., Cabrini, R., Campisi, V., Cappi, A.L., Carrizo, R., Colombo Berra, F., Costabel, J.P., Costamagna, O.J.A., Damonte, A.A., De Urquiza, I.N., Diez, F., Edén, M.F., Fanuele, M., Fernandez Voena, F., Foa Torres, M., Funosas, C., Giacomi, M.P., Gimenez, C.H., Gurfinkel, E.P., de L.M. Had, M., Hansen, V., Hrabar, A.D., Ingratta, M., Lopez, A., Maehara, G., Maffei, L., Martinelli, A., Martinelli, C., Matkovich, J., Mautner, B., Meirino, A., Munguia, R., Navarro, A., Novas, V., Perez Prados, G., Pontoriero, J., Potito, R.N., Ricotti, C., Rodriguez, M.A., Rolandi, F., Said Palladino, M.E., Salinger, M., Sanziani, L.S., Schygiel, P.O., Sossich, A., Tinto, J.F., Tonelli, L., Tufare, A.L., Vallejo, M., Yunis, M.E., Zillo, M., Zurbrigk, F.J., Barretto, A.C.P., Sobral Filho, D.C., Jaber, J., Armaganijan, D., Faria Neto, J., Steffens, A., Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, W., de Souza Neto, J.D., Ribeiro, J.M., Silveira Teixeira, M., Ferreira Rossi, P.R., Pires, L., Moreira, D., Moura Jorge, J.C., Menezes Lorga Filho, A., Bodanese, L.C., Westerlund Montera, M., Del Carlo, C.H., Da Rocha Rodrigues, T., Alves da Costa, F.A., Lopes, A., Lopes, R., Araújo, G.R., Fernandes Manenti, E.R., Kerr Saraiva, J.F., Ferreira Braga, J.C., Negri, A., Souto, L., Moncada, C., Bertolim Precoma, D., Roquette, F., Reis, G., Ramos Filho, R.A., Lanna Figueiredo, E., Vieira Botelho, R., Munhoz da Fontoura Tavares, C., Costantini Frack, C.R., Abdalla Saad, J., Finimundi, H.C., Pisani, C., Chemello, D., Pereira Martins, M., Broilo França, C.C., Alban, F., Aranha Rosito, G.B., de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, J.B., Tumelero, R.T., Nigro Maia, L., Simões de Almeida, R., do Carmo Borges, N.C., Gomes Ferreira, L.G., Agliardi, P., Alves de Oliveira Gomes, J., Araujo, V., Arruda Nakazone, M., Barbosa, T., Barroso, S., Belisario Falchetto, E., Bellotti Lopes, H., Benez Teixeira Lemos, M.A., Biazus, G., Borges Queiroz, L., Camazzola, F.E., Caporale, M., Cardoso Boscato, S., Chieza, F., Chokr, M.O., Clemente Mingireanov, R., Codonho Góes, N., Correa, C., Costa, M., Costantini Ortiz, C., da Silva, L.S., da Silva Paulitsch, F., da Silveira, J.A., Daros, E., de Araújo, G.R., Del Monaco, M.I., Dias, C., Dias, M.A., Drummond Wainstein, A.P., Ely Pizzato, P., Esteves, D.C., Fabri, P., Félix Lorenzato Fonseca, T., Fernandes, E., Fonseca, C., Frack Costantini, C.R., Franchin Ferraz, R., Freire, F., Gottardo, P., Guanaes, D., Guizzardi, S., Hettwer Magedanz, E., Igansi, F., Jannuzzi, F., Junior, G., Komar, D., Lino, E.G., Lopes, D., Lourenço da Silva Júnior, O., Lustosa, E., Macagnan, A.P., Marinho, M.C., Mazzoni, M., Melo, G., Mortari, L., Mouco, O.M.C.C., Nanzer Vital, C., Ormundo, C., Oss Emmer, S., Palmegiani, E., Pavani, R., Pereira, L., Pereira, V.L., Perreira, R., Poletti, S., Quaia Fortunato, S.C., Queirantes, C., Ramos Pereira, N., Rech, R.L., Ribeiro, S., Rodrigues, A., Roesch, H., Ruaro Reichert, T., Santos, D., Santos, I., Santos, M., Seroqui, M.V., Silva, S., Soares, L., Spolaor, L., Stoll, C., Toazza Duda, N., Trama, L., Unterkircher, B., Valois, M.V., Vargas, T., Viana, T., Vicente, C., Vidal Armaganijan, L., Vieira Homem, R., Vieira Torres, L.G., Vila Boas, L., Villaça Guimarães Filho, F., Corbalan, R., Eggers, G., Bugueño Gutiérrez, C., Arriagada, G., Potthoff Cardenas, S., Stockins Fernandez, B.A.J., Conejeros, C., Houzvic, C., Marin Cuevas, P., Montecinos, H., Forero, A., Lanas, F., Larico Gómez, M., Charme Vilches, G., Rey, C., Astudillo, C., Aguilar, J., Campisto, Y., Lara, C., Molina, E., Munoz Oyarzon, J., Olguin, V., Vergara, M., Villan, C., Sánchez Díaz, C.J., Illescas Diaz, J., Leal Cantú, R., Ramos Zavala, M.G., Cabrera Jardines, R., Espinola Zavaleta, N., Villarreal Umaña, S., López Rosas, E., Llamas Esperón, G., Pozas, G., Cardona Muñoz, E., Matadamas Hernández, N., Leyva Rendón, A., García Hernández, N., de los Ríos Ibarra, M., Virgen Carrillo, L., López Villezca, D., Hernández Herrera, C., López Prieto, J.J., Gaona Rodríguez, R., Villeda Espinosa, E., Flores Martínez, D., Velasco Barcena, J., Yong, R., Rodríguez Briones, I., Leiva Pons, J.L., Álvarez López, H., Olvera Ruiz, R., Díaz de la Vega, C., Cantú Brito, C., Chuquiure Valenzuela, E., Reyes-Sanchez, R., Bazzoni Ruiz, A., Nandayapa Flores, O., Benavides Gonzalez, M., Arriaga Nava, R., Morales Cerda, J.D., Fierro Fierro, O., Fajardo Campos, P., Alfaro, T.A.A., Altamirano Bellorin, S., Avena, R., Chavarria, M., Espinosa, I., Flores Silva, F., Garcia Nava, R.H., Godoy, K., Gonzalez Felix, E.J., Gonzalez Garcia, C.L., Gonzalez Salas, L.G., Guajardo, P., Hernandez Gonzalez, S., Izquierdo, T., Mancilla Ortiz, M.C., Martinez Vasquez, D., Mendoza, N., Morales, J., Nikitina, N., Ochoa Aybar, S., Ortiz, A., Padilla Macias, P., Perez, F., Perez Sanchez, J.A., Piña Toledano, S., Ramos Gonzalez, M., Rivera Ramos, C., Roa Castro, V., Romero Cardona, G., Ruiz Cornejo, M., Salinas, A., Santana, G., Sida Perez, P., Tovar Castaneda, A.C., Trujillo Cortes, R., Brodmann, M., Lenz, K., Drexel, H., Foechterle, J., Hagn, C., Podczeck-Schweighofer, A., Huber, K., Winkler, M., Schneeweiß, B., Gegenhuber, A., Lang, W., Eichinger-Hasenauer, S., Kaserer, P., Sykora, J., Rasch, H., Pichler, M., Schaflinger, E., Strohmer, B., Breier, R., Ebner, K.-M., Eischer, L., Freihoff, F., Lischka-Lindner, A., Mark, T., Mirtl, A., Said, A., Stöcklöcker, C., Vogel, B., Vonbank, A., Wöhrer, C., Zanolin, D., Cools, F., Paparella, G., Vandergoten, P., Parqué, J.-L., Capiau, L., Vervoort, G., Wollaert, B., Desfontaines, P., Mairesse, G., Boussy, T., Godart, P., De Wolf, A., Voet, J., Heyse, A., Hollanders, G., Anné, W., Vercammen, J., Purnode, P., Blankoff, I., Faes, D., Balthazar, Y., Beutels, M., Maréchal, P., Verstraete, S., Xhaet, O., Striekwold, H., Thoeng, J., Hermans, K., Alzand, B., Ascoop, A.-K., Banaeian, F., Barbuto, A.-M., Billiaux, A.C., Blockmans, M., Bouvy, C., Brike, C., Capiau, H., Casier, T., Conde Y Bolado, A., De Cleen, D., De Coninck, M., de Vos, M., de Weerdt, N., Delforge, M., Delvigne, M., Denie, D., Derycker, K., Deweerd, E., Dormal, F., Drieghe, S., Everaert, M., Eykerman, T., Feys, E., Ghekiere, M., Gits, F., Hellemans, S., Helvasto, L., Jacobs, C., Lips, S., Mestdagh, I., Nimmegeers, J., Piamonte, V., Pollet, P., Postolache, A., Raepers, M., Raymenants, E., Richa, J., Rombouts, H., Salembier, J., Scheurwegs, C., Semeraro, O., Simons, N., Smessaert, C., Smolders, W., Stockman, I., Tahon, S., Thyssen, V., Tincani, G., Van Durme, F., Van Lier, D., Vandekerckhove, H., Vandekerckhove, Y., Vandenbroeck, D., Vandorpe, A., Vanhalst, E., Vanhauwaert, B., Vantomme, C., Vergauwen, L., Verloove, H., Vydt, T., Weyn, T., Jansky, P., Reichert, P., Spacek, R., Machova, V., Zidkova, E., Ludka, O., Olsr, J., Kotik, L., Plocova, K., Racz, B., Ferkl, R., Hubac, J., Kotik, I., Monhart, Z., Burianova, H., Jerabek, O., Pisova, J., Petrova, I., Dedek, V., Honkova, M., Podrazil, P., Spinar, J., Vitovec, J., Novak, M., Lastuvka, J., Durdil, V., Antonova, P., Bockova, L., Bultas, J., Chlumsky, J., Dastychova, L., Drasnar, T., Honek, J., Horejsi, M., Hubacova, V., Janska, L., Kopeckova, I., Kratochvilova, R., Krcova, E., Labrova, R., Lindourkova, A., Lipoldova, J., Lubanda, H., Ludkova, A., Mahdalikova, L., Majerníkova, M., Michalik, D., Potuznik, P., Prochazkova, E., Sulc, A., Sveceny, J., Valtova, M., Zidek, M., Zika, J., Nielsen, J., Nielsen, H., Husted, S., Hintze, U., Rasmussen, S., Bremmelgaard, A., Markenvard, J., Boerger, J., Solgaard, J., Simonsen, P., Loekkegaard, T., Bruun, M., Mertz, J., Domínguez, H., Skagen, K., Egstrup, K., Ibsen, H., Raymond, I., Bang-Hansen, T., Ellervik, C., Eriksen, E., Jensen, L., Jensen, M., Leth, M., Nygaard, A., Park, J., Schou, M., Therkelsen, A., Tilma, J., Vesterager, K., Raatikainen, P., Airaksinen, J., Arola, O., Koistinen, J., Nappila, H., Peltomäki, K., Rasanen, V., Vasankari, T., Le Heuzey, J.-Y., Galinier, M., Gottwalles, Y., Paganelli, F., Loiselet, P., Muller, J.-J., Koujan, M.B., Marquand, A., Destrac, S., Piot, O., Delarche, N., Cebron, J.-P., Boveda, S., Guenoun, M., Guedj-Meynier, D., Galley, D., Ohayon, J., Assouline, S., Zuber, M., Amarenco, P., Ellie, E., Kadouch, J., Fournier, P.-Y., Huberman, J.-P., Lemaire, M., Rodier, G., Milandre, L., Vandamme, X., Sibon, I., Neau, J.-P., Mahagne, M.H., Mielot, A., Bonnefoy, M., Churet, J.-B., Navarre, V., Sellem, F., Monniot, G., Boyes, J.-P., Doucet, B., Martelet, M., Obadia, D., Crousillat, B., Mouallem, J., Bearez, E., Nazeyrollas, P., Brugnaux, J.P., Fedorowsky, A., Casassus, F., Berneau, J.-B., Chemin, F., Falvo, N., Perron, J.-M., Poulard, J.-E., Barreau, A., Beltra, C., Corrihons, E., Decarsin, N., Dubois, B., Ducasse, E., Giry, X., Kemmel, A., Ledure, S., Lemaire, N., Robin, F., Rosolin, N., Sanchez, D., Suissa, A., Darius, H., Königer, G., Purr, J., Gerbaulet, U., Kellner, B.-T., Kopf, A., Schäfer, T., Zauzig, H., Riegel, P., Hohensee, H., Eißfeller, E., Eder, W., Rehling, G., Glatzel, D., Zutz, S., Heinz, G.-U., Menke, H., Pustelnik, A., Sandow, P., Ludwig, N., Wiswedel, H., Wildenauer, W., Axthelm, C., Schwarz, T., Babyesiza, A., Stuchlik, G., Zimny, H.-H., Kropp, M., Kahl, F., Caspar, A., Omankowsky, S., Läßig, T., Hartmann, H.-J., Lehmann, G., Bindig, H.-W., Hergdt, G., Reimer, D., Hauk, J., Dorsch, W., Dshabrailov, J., Michel, H., Rapp, K.-A., Vormann, R., Mayer, P., Horstmeier, U., Eissing, V., Hey, H., Leuchtgens, H., Lilienweiß, V., Kolitsch, K., Schubert, C., Lauer, H., Buchner, T., Brauer, G., Kamin, S., Müller, K., Abdel-Qader, M., Baumbach, S., Ebert, H.-H., Schwencke, C., Schellong, S., Bernhardt, P., Karolyi, L., Sievers, B., Haverkamp, W., Salbach, P., Röhnisch, J.-U., Schoen, S., Erdle, W., Mueller, T., Mueller, H., Mitrovic, V., Babjakova, Z., Bergner, K., Boehme, S., Bonin, K., Buckert, D., Busch, F., Dichristin, U., Diez, S., Fleck, A., Flint, K., Floegel, H., Fritz, C., Frommhold, R., Gehre, J., Geyer, J., Grytzmann, A., Hahn, M., Helgert, K., Hubert, K., Kirchner-Volker, K., Klein, V., Kroll, D., Krueger, A., Lehmann, R., Mann, L., Maselli, A., Menken, G., Mikes, K., Mortan, H., Nasser, N., Nicolaus, D., Plauskat, A., Pomper, L., Quietzsch, A., Ravenhorst, C., Reichelt, C., Reimer, C., Schaefer, B., Scharrer, S., Schirmer, K., Schmidt, K., Schoene, R., Schulze, J., Schuppe, M., Simon, S., Sommer, S., Spranger, K., Talkenberger, A., Tauber, K., Tetlak, A., Toennishoff, T., Voelkel-Babyesiza, R., Voigts, B., Weiser, U., Wesendorf, S., Wildenauer, S., Wolf, T., Wurziger, J., Zak, J., Zauzig, H.-D., Ziefle, S., Zincke, S., Keltai, M., Vangel, S., Szalai, G., Merkely, B., Kancz, S., Boda, Z., Nagy, A., Laszlo, Z., Matoltsy, A., Gaszner, B., Polgar, P., Habon, T., Noori, E., Juhasz, G., Kanakaridisz, N., Szentpeteri, I., Juhasz, F., Vertes, A., Papp, A., May, Z., Ferenczi, J., Egyutt, M., Kis, E., Engelthaler, G., Szantai, G., Fulop, E., Gombos, P., Gulyas, D., Jen, P., Kiralyhazine Gyorke, E., Kovacs, M., Kovacsne Levang, S., Marianna, S., Radics, Z., Sydó, N., Szalo, R., Szilagyi, A., Sztanyik, F., Vandrus, B., Agnelli, G., Ambrosio, G., Tiraferri, E., Santoro, R., Testa, S., Di Minno, G., Moia, M., Caimi, T.M., Martini, G., Tessitori, M., Cappelli, R., Poli, D., Quintavalla, R., Melone, F., Cosmi, F., Pizzini, A., Piseddu, G., Fanelli, R., Latella, C., Santi, R., Pancaldi, L., De Cristofaro, R., Palareti, G., De Blasio, A., Salerno Uriarte, J., Minetti, F., Pogliani, E.M., Lonati, L.M., Accogli, M., Ciampani, N., Malengo, S., Feola, M., Raisaro, A., Fattore, L., Grilli, P., Germini, F., Settimi, M., Alunni, M., Duranti, G., Tedeschi, L., Baglioni, G., Avanzino, G., Berardi, M., Pannacci, V., Giombolini, A., Nicoli, S., Scarponi, T., Allasia, B., Ricciarini, P., Nasorri, R., Argena, A., Bossolasco, P., Ronchini, P., Filippi, A., Tradati, F., Bulla, C., Donzelli, L., Foppa, L., Bottarelli, M.L., Tomasello, A., Mauric, A., Femiano, C., Reggio, R., Lillo, F., Mariani, A., Forcignanò, F., Volpe, M., D'Avino, M., Bongiorni, M.G., Severi, S., Capucci, A., Lodigiani, C., Salomone, E., Serviddio, G., Tondo, C., Golino, P., Mazzone, C., Iacopino, S., Pengo, V., Galvani, M., Moretti, L., Ambrosino, P., Banfi, E., Biagioli, V., Bianchi, A., Boggian, G., Breschi, M., Brusorio, S., Calcagnoli, F., Campagna, G., Carpenedo, M., Ciabatta, C., Ciliberti, G., Cimmino, G., D'Arienzo, C., Di Gennaro, L., Fedele, M., Ferrini, P.M., Granzow, K., Guazzaloca, G., Guerra, F., Lo Buglio, A., Longo, S., Macellari, F., Mesolella, E., Mollica Poeta, E., Occhilupo, P., Oriana, V., Rangel, G., Salomone, L., Scaccianoce, A., Scarone, C., Segreti, L., Sottilota, G., Villani, R., Zecca, C., ten Cate, H., Ruiter, J.H., Klomps, H., Bongaerts, M., Pieterse, M.G.C., Guldener, C., Herrman, J.-P., Lochorn, G., Lucassen, A., Adriaansen, H., The, S.H.K., Nierop, P.R., Hoogslag, P.A.M., Hermans, W., Groenemeijer, B.E., Terpstra, W., Buiks, C., Boersma, L.V.A., Boersma-Slootweg, M., Bosman, F., Bosschaert, M., Bruin, S., Danse, I., De Graaf, J., de Graauw, J., Debordes, M., Dols, S., Geerlings, F., Gorrebeeck, K., Jerzewski, A., Jetten, W., Kelderman, M., Kloosterman, T., Koomen, E.M., Krikken, J., Melman, P., Mulder, R., Pronk, A., Stallinga-de Vos, A., te Kaat, J., Tonino, P., Uppelschoten, B., van de Loo, R., van der Kley, T., van Leeuwen, G., van Putten, J.J., Westerman, L., Atar, D., Berge, E., Sirnes, P.A., Gjertsen, E., Hole, T., Erga, K., Hallaråker, A., Skjelvan, G., Østrem, A., Ghezai, B., Svilaas, A., Christersson, P., Øien, T., Høegh Henrichsen, S., Berg-Johansen, J., Otterstad, J.E., Antonsen, H., Ausen, K., Claussen, H., Dominguez, I., Jekthammer, A., Lensebraaten, A.B., Nilsen, V., O'Donovan, M., Ringdalen, K., Strand, S., Stepinska, J., Korzeniak, R., Gieroba, A., Biedrzycka, M., Ogorek, Marcin, Wozakowska-Kaplon, B., Loboz-Grudzien, K., Kosior, J., Supinski, W., Kuzniar, J., Zaluska, R., Hiczkiewicz, J., Swiatkowska-Byczynska, L., Kucharski, L., Gruchala, M., Minc, P., Olszewski, M., Kania, G., Krzciuk, M., Lajkowski, Z., Ostrowska-Pomian, B., Lewczuk, J., Zinka, E., Karczmarczyk, A., Chmielnicka-Pruszczynska, M., Trusz-Gluza, M., Opolski, G., Bronisz, M., Ogorek, Michal, Glanowska, G., Ruszkowski, P., Jaworska, K., Sciborski, R., Okopien, B., Kukla, P., Wozniak-Skowerska, I., Galbas, K., Cymerman, K., Jurowiecki, J., Miekus, P., Myszka, W., Mazur, S., Lysek, R., Baszak, J., Rusicka-Piekarz, T., Raczak, G., Domanska, E., Nessler, J., Lesnik, J., Ambicka, M., Andrzejewski, D., Araminowicz, J., Barszcz, A., Bartkowiak, R., Bartnik, J., Basiak, M., Bekieszczuk, E., Bernat, L., Biedrzycki, L., Biernacka, A., Blaszczyk, D., Broton, E., Brzozowski, W., Brzustowska, M., Bzymek, R., Chmielowski, A., Chojnowski, P., Cichomski, R., Cieslak, K., Cieszynska, A., Curyllo, B., Czamara, M., Danilowicz-Szymanowicz, L., Dolecka, B., Drelich, L., Dudzik-Richter, B., Dybala, T., Dziuba, M., Faron, W., Figura-Chmielewska, M., Frankiewicz, A., Gadzinski, W., Gasior, E., Gosciniecka, B., Gutknecht, P., Guziewicz, M., Jackun-Podlesna, A., Jaguszewska, G., Jankielewicz, J., Jaremczuk-Kaczmarczyk, A., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Jarzebowski, A., Jaskulska-Niedziela, E., Jaworska-Drozdowska, M., Kabat, J., Kaczmarzyk-Radka, A., Kalin, K., Kaliszczak, R., Kiliszek, M., Klata, M., Kluczewski, M., Kobielusz-Gembala, I., Kochanska, E., Kociolek, D., Kolodzinska, A., Komlo, A., Konopka, A., Korczowska, E., Kowal, E., Kowalczyk, H.K., Kremis, E., Kruczyk, D., Krzesiak-Lodyga, A., Krzyzanowski, M., Kurdzielewicz, W., Kustrzycka-Kratochwil, D., Lesniewska-Krynska, D., Leszczynski, J., Lewicka, E., Lichota, E., Lip, K., Loboz-Rudnicka, M., Luka, J., Lysek-Jozefowicz, A., Machnikowska, M., Majewska, K., Mariankowski, R., Markiewicz, A., Mazur, M., Metzgier-Gumiela, A., Miedlar, E., Mielcarek, M., Neubauer-Geryk, J., Niedek, J., Niemirycz-Makurat, A., Nowak, A., Nowak, S., Opielowska-Nowak, B., Ozgowicz, M., Pawelska-Buczen, A., Pawlik-Rak, E., Piotrowicz, R., Ptaszynski, P., Raczynska, A., Rogowski, W., Romanek, J., Romaszkiewicz, R., Rostoff, P., Roszczyk, N., Rozewska-Furmanek, D., Rychta, J., Rzyczkowska, B., Sidor, A., Skalska, J., Smichura, M., Splawski, M., Staneta, P., Staniszewska, E., Starak-Marciniak, J., Stopyra-Poczatek, M., Sukiennik-Kujawa, M., Szafranski, J., Szalecki, P., Szczepanska, A., Szkrobka, W., Szuchnik, E., Szulowska, A., Szumczyk-Muszytowska, G., Szwoch, M., Traczyk, T., Troszczynska, M., Trzcinski, G., Tybura, S., Walasik, P., Wegrzynowska, M., Wesolowska, K., Wieczorek, W., Wierzbicka, A., Wilczewski, P., Wilgat-Szecowka, M., Wojewoda, P., Wojnowski, L., Wrobel, M., Zakutynska-Kowalczyk, K., Zyczynska-Szmon, M., Panchenko, E., Eltishcheva, V., Libis, R., Tereshchenko, S., Popov, S., Kamalov, G., Belenky, D., Zateyshchikova, A., Kropacheva, E., Kolesnikova, A., Nikolaev, K., Egorova, L., Khokhlov, A., Yakupov, E., Poltavskaya, M., Zateyshchikov, D., Drapkina, O., Vishnevsky, A., Barbarash, O., Miller, O., Aleksandrova, E., Chizhov, P., Sergeev, M., Shutemova, E., Mazur, E., Zrazhevskiy, K., Novikova, T., Kostenko, V., Moiseeva, Y., Polkanova, E., Sobolev, K., Rossovskaya, M., Zubeeva, G., Shapovalova, Y., Nagibovich, O., Edin, A., Agakhanyan, A., Batalov, R., Belenkova, Y., Bitakova, F., Chugunnaya, S., Dumikyan, A., Erofeeva, S., Gorbunova, E., Gorshkova, T., Gubanov, A., Gurmach, M., Ivanova, Y., Kolesova, T., Konyushenko, D., Korneeva, O., Kropova, O., Kuchuk, P., Kungurtseva, O., Kupriyanova, T., Kurylo, B., Kuvanova, M., Lebedeva, O., Lileeva, E., Machilskaya, O., Medvedeva, T., Monako, G., Motylev, I., Nagibovich, G., Novikova, E., Orlov, Y., Osmolovskaya, Y., Ovsannikova, A., Platonov, D., Rachkova, S., Sinitsina, O., Speshilova, S., Suslova, O., Ushakov, A., Volodicheva, O., Zemlianskaia, O., Zhirov, I., Zhuravleva, E., Zotova, I., Viñolas, X., Alvarez Garcia, P., López Fernández, M.F., Tercedor, L., Tranche Iparraguirre, S., Torán Monserrat, P., Márquez Contreras, E., Isart Rafecas, J., Motero Carrasco, J., García Pavía, P., Gómez Pajuelo, C., Moro Serrano, C., Iglesias Alonso, L.F., Grande Ruiz, A., Mercé Klein, J., Gonzalez Juanatey, J.R., Barón Esquivias, G., Monte Collado, I., Palacín Piquero, H., Brotons Cuixart, C., Rodríguez Morató, M., Bayo I Llibre, J., Corros Vicente, C., Vida Gutierrez, M., Epelde Gonzalo, F., Almeida Fernández, C.A., Del Val Plana, N., Escrivá Montserrat, E., Montero Alía, J.J., Barreda González, M., Moleiro Oliva, M.A., Iglesias Sanmartín, J., Jiménez González, M., Rodriguez Álvarez, M., Herreros Melenchon, J., Ripoll Vera, T., Ridocci Soriano, F., Garcia Riesco, L., Marco Macian, M.D., Quiles Granado, J., Jimenez Navarro, M., Cosin Sales, J., Vaquer Perez, J.V., Vazquez Caamano, M., Arcocha Torres, M.F., Marcos Gomez, G., Iñiguez Romo, A., Prieto Diaz, M.A., Alonso, Carmela, Alonso, Concepcion, Alvarez, D., Alvarez, M., Amaro, M., Andere, N., Aracil Villar, J., Armitano Ochoa, R., Austria, A., Barbeira, S., Barraquer Feu, E., Bartes, A., Becerra Munoz, V., Bermudez Jimenez, F.J., Branjovich Tijuan, A., Cabeza Ramirez, J., Cabrera Ramos, M., Calvo Martinez, E., Campo Moreno, M., Cancho Corchado, G., Casanova Gil, M., Castillo Orive, M., Castro Fernandez, D., Cebollada del Misterio, M., Codinachs Alsina, R., Cortada Cabrera, A., Costa Pinto Prego de Faria, J., Costas, S., Cotilla Marco, M.I., Dachs, M., Diaz Lopez, C.M., Domenech Borras, A., Elorriaga Madariaga, A., Espallargas, A., Fernandez, M., Fernandez Escobar, E., Fernandez Mas, E., Ferrer, A., Fosch, J., Garcia Bermudez, M., Garcia Millan, V., Gavira Saenz, M., Gines Garcia, C., Gomez, C., Gomez Perez, Y., Gonzales Segovia, A., Gonzalez, P., Grigorian, L., Guerrero Molina, A., del C. Gutierrez del Val, M., Herrero Maeso, B., Hevia Rodriguez, E., Iglesias Garcia, A., Jimenez Fernandez, M.J., Jimeno Besa, B., Juan Salvadores, P., Lage Bouzamayor, M.B., Lasuncion, I., Lezcano Gort, L.E., Llobet Molina, M., Lopez, M., Manzanal Rey, A., Mara Guerra, J., Marcus, S., Martin Vila, A., Martinez Mena, M., Mazon, P., Mendez Zurita, F., Millán, G., Molina, M., Montero Alia, P., Montes, D., Moure Gonzalez, M., Munoz Munoz, R.B., Negrete Palma, A., Orellana Figueroa, H.N., Ortega, V.M., Ortiz Cortes, C., Otero Tomera, D., Palomo Merchan, N., Pareja Ibar, I., Pena Garcia, E., Pereda Armayor, M., Perez Carasa, M., Prieto, I., Quintern, V., Renom, R., Rincon Diaz, L.M., Rios, V., Riquelme Sola, L., Rivera, R., Robiro Robiro, X., Roca, M., Roca Saumell, C., Rodrigo, C., Rodriguez, E., Rodriguez Garcia, M., Saez Jimenez, S., Sanchez Calderon, P., Sanchez Mendez, L., Sanchez Parra, S., Santolaya, C., Senan Sanz, M.R., Seoane Blanco, A., Serralvo, E., Sierra, N., Simon Valero, C., Sorribes Lopez, J., Teixido Fontanillas, M., Terns Riera, M., Tobajas, G., Torres, C., Torres Marques, J., Ubeda Pastor, M., Rosenqvist, M., Wirdby, A., Linden, J., Henriksson, K., Elmersson, M., Egilsson, A., Börjesson, U., Svärd, G., Liu, B., Lindh, A., Olsson, L.-B., Gustavsson, M., Andersson, Lars, Andersson, Lisbeth, Benson, L., Bothin, C., Hajimirsadeghi, A., Kadir, K., Ericsson, M., Ohlsson, A., Lindvall, H., Svensson, P., Thorne, K., Handel, H., Platonov, P., Eriksson, B., Timberg, I., Romberg, K., Crisby, M., Karlsson, J.-E., Jensen, S.A., Andersson, A., Malmqvist, L., Martinsson, B., Bernsten, F., Engdahl, J., Thulin, J., Hot-Bjelac, A., Stalby, P., Aaröe, H., Ahbeck, E., Ahlmark, H., Al-Khalili, F., Bonkowski, G., Dzeletovic, S., Ekstrand, A.-B., Eriksson, G.-B., Floren, K., Grässjö, C., Hahn, S., Jaensson, P., Jansson, B., Jansson, J.-H., Kangert, R.-M., Koch, A., Kusiak, D., Lettenström, A., Lindberg, A., Lindholm, C.-J., Mannermyr, A., Mansson, K., Millborg, M., Nilsson, C., Ohlin, A.-M., Olofsson, A., Osberg, A., Pedersen, A., Risbecker, K., Rosenberg, K., Samuelsson, J., Shayesteh, M., Skoglund, K., Stjernberg, M., Thorsen, C., Steffel, J., Beer, J.H., Debrunner, J., Amstutz, D., Bruegger, J., Elise, G., Grau, A., Guinand, A., Henriette, I., Saga, E., Winnik, S., Parkhomenko, A., Rudyk, I., Tseluyko, V., Karpenko, O., Zhurba, S., Kraiz, I., Kupnovytska, I., Serediuk, N., Mostovoy, Y., Ushakov, O., Koval, O., Kovalskyi, I., Svyshchenko, Y., Sychov, O., Stanislavchuk, M., Kraydashenko, O., Yagensky, A., Tykhonova, S., Fushtey, I., Belegai, R., Berko, G., Burdeuna, L., Chabanna, O., Daniuk, I., Ivanov, A., Kamenska, E., Kaplan, P., Khyzhnyak, O., Kizim, S., Matova, O., Medentseva, O., Mochonyi, V., Mospan, M., Nemtsova, V., Ovdiienko, T., Palamarchuk, O., Pavelko, M., Petrovskyy, R., Plevak, D., Proshak, O., Pyvovar, S., Rasputina, L., Romanenko, O., Romanova, O., Sapatyi, A., Shumakov, O., Stets, R., Todoriuk, L., Varenov, V., Fitzmaurice, D., Chauhan, N., Goodwin, D., Saunders, P., Evans, R., Leese, J., Jhittay, P.S., Ross, A., Kainth, M.S., Pickavance, G., McDonnell, J., Williams, A., Gooding, T., Wagner, H., Suryani, S., Singal, A., Sircar, S., Bilas, R., Hutchinson, P., Wakeman, A., Stokes, M., Paul, N., Aziz, M., Ramesh, C., Wilson, P., Franklin, S., Fairhead, S., Thompson, J., St Joseph, V., Taylor, G., Tragen, D., Seamark, D., Paul, C., Richardson, M., Jefferies, A., Sharp, H., Jones, H., Giles, C., Page, M., Oginni, O., Aldegather, J., Wetherwell, S., Lumb, W., Evans, P., Scouller, F., Macey, N., Stipp, Y., West, R., Thurston, S., Wadeson, P., Matthews, J., Pandya, P., Gallagher, A., Railton, T., Sinha, B., Russell, D., Davies, J.A., Ainsworth, P., Jones, C.P., Weeks, P., Eden, J., Kernick, D., Murdoch, W., Lumley, L., Patel, R.P., Wong, S.W., Saigol, M., Ladha, K., Douglas, K., Cumberlidge, D.F., Bradshaw, C., Van Zon, G., Jones, K.P., Thomas, M.J., Watson, E., Sarai, B., Ahmad, N., Willcock, W., Cairns, J., Sathananthan, S., de Kare-Silver, N., Gilliland, A., Strieder, E., Howitt, A., Vishwanathan, B., Bird, N., Gray, D., Clark, M., Bisatt, J., Litchfield, J., Fisher, E., Fooks, T., Kelsall, A.R., Alborough, E., Wakeling, J., Parfitt, M., Milne, K., Rogers, S., Priyadharshan, R., Oliver, J.L., Davies, E., Abushal, S., Jacobs, M., Hutton, C., Walls, N.I., Thompson, R., Chigbo, C., Zaidi, S.M.A., Howard, M., Butter, K.C., Barrow, S., Little, H., Haq, I.U., Gibbons, L., Glencross, S., McLeod, A.J., Poland, K., Mulholland, C., Warke, A., Conn, P., Burns, G., Smith, R.N., Lowe, S., Kamath, R., Dau, H.S., Webster, J., Hodgins, I., Vercoe, S., Roome, P.C., Pinnock, H., Patel, J.R.A., Ali, A., Hart, N., Davies, R., Stuart, E., Neden, C.A., Danielsen, M., Heath, R., Sharma, P., Galloway, S., Hawkins, C., Oliver, R., Aylward, M., Mannion, S., Braddick, M., Edwards, D., Rothwell, A.C., Sabir, A., Choudhary, F., Khalaque, S., Wilson, A., Peters, S., Coulson, W., Roberts, N., Heer, A., Coates, S., Ward, B., Jackson, D., Walton, S., Shepherd, D., Sterry, M., Wong, T., Boon, M., Bunney, R., Haria-Shah, R., Baron, R.T., Davies, S., Schatzberger, T., Hargreaves, N., Stephenson, T., Choi, H., Batson, R., Lucraft, L., Myhill, T., Estifano, S., Geatch, D., Wilkinson, J., Veale, R., Forshaw, K., Davies, T., Zaman, K., Vinson, P., Liley, C., Bandrapalli, M., McGinty, P., Wastling, R., McEleny, P., Beattie, A., Cooke, P., Wong, M., Gunasegaram, J., Pugsley, M., Ahmad, S., A'Court, C., Ayers, J., Bennett, J., Cartwright, S., Dobson, S., Dooldeniya, C., Flynn, A., Fox, R., Goram, J., Halpin, A., Hay, A., Jacobs, P., Jeffers, L., Lomax, L., Munro, I., Muvva, R., Nadaph, M., Powell, K., Randfield, S., Redpath, D., Reed, R., Rickenbach, M., Rogers, G., Saunders, P.B., Seamark, C., Shewring, J., Simmons, P., Simper, H., Stoddart, H., Sword, A., Thomas, N., Thomson, A., Gibbs, H., Blenkhorn, A., Singh, B., Van Gaal, W., Abhayaratna, W., Lehman, R., Roberts-Thomson, P., Kilian, J., Coulshed, D., Catanchin, A., Colquhoun, D., Kiat, H., Eccleston, D., French, J., Zimmett, L., Ayres, B., Phan, T., Blombery, P., Crimmins, D., O'Donnell, D., Choi, A., Astridge, P., Arstall, M., Jepson, N., Binnekamp, M., Lee, A., Rogers, J., Starmer, G., Carroll, P., Faunt, J., Aggarwala, A., Barry, L., Batta, C., Beveridge, R., Black, A., Bonner, M., Boys, J., Buckley, E., Campo, M., Carlton, L., Connelly, A., Conway, B., Cresp, D., Dimitri, H., Dixon, S., Dolman, M., Duroux, M., Eskandari, M., Eslick, R., Ferreira-Jardim, A., Fetahovic, T., Fitzpatrick, D., Geraghty, R., Gibbs, J., Grabek, T., Modi, M.H., Hayes, K., Hegde, M.P., Hesketh, L., Hoffmann, B., Jacobson, B., Johnson, K., Juergens, C., Kassam, I., Lawlor, V., Lehman, M., Lehman, S., Leung, D., Mackay, S., MacKenzie, M., McCarthy, C., McIntosh, C., McKeon, L., Morrison, H., Mussap, C., Myers, J.-D., Nagalingam, V., Oldfield, G., O'May, V., Palmer, J., Parsons, L., Patching, K., Patching, T., Paul, V., Plotz, M., Preston, S., Rashad, H., Ratcliffe, M., Raynes, S., Rose, J., Sanders, L., Seremetkoska, M., Setio, H., Shone, S., Shrestha, P., Singh, C., Singleton, C., Stoyanov, N., Sutcliffe, S., Swaraj, K., Tarrant, J., Thompson, S., Tsay, I.M., Vorster, M., Waldman, A., Wallis, L., Wilford, E., Wong, K., Connolly, S.J., Spyropoulos, A., Eikelboom, J., Luton, R., Gupta, M., Pandey, A.S., Cheung, S., Leader, R., Beaudry, P., Ayala-Paredes, F., Berlingieri, J., Heath, J., Poirier, G., Du Preez, M., Nadeau, R., Dresser, G., Dhillon, R., Hruczkowski, T., Schweitzer, B., Coutu, B., Angaran, P., MacDonald, P., Vizel, S., Fikry, S., Parkash, R., Lavoie, A., Cha, J., Ramjattan, B., Bonet, J., Ahmad, K., Aro, L., Aves, T., Beaudry, K., Bergeron, C., Bigcanoe, J., Bignell, N., Breakwell, L., Burke, E., Carroll, L., Clarke, B., Cleveland, T., Daheb, S., Dehghani, P., Denis, I., Djaidani, Z., Dorian, P., Douglass, S., Dunnigan, J., Ewert, A., Farquhar, D., Fearon, A., Ferleyko, L., Fournier, D., Fox, B., Grenier, M.-C., Gulliver, W., Haveman, K., Hines, C., Hines, K., Jackson, A.M., Jean, C., Jethoo, G., Kahlon, R., Kelly, S., Kim, R., Korley, V., Kornder, J., Kwan, L., Largy, J., Lewis, C., Lewis, S., Mangat, I., Moor, R., Navratil, J., Neas, I., Otis, J., Otis, R., Pandey, M., Petrie, F., Pinter, A., Raines, M., Roberts, P., Robinson, M., Sas, G., Schulman, S., Snell, L., Spearson, S., Stevenson, J., Trahey, T., Wong, S., Wright, D., Ragy, H., Abd El-Aziz, A., Abou Seif, S.K., El Din, M.G., El Etriby, S., Elbahry, A., El-Etreby, A., Elkhadem, M., Katta, A., Khairy, T., Mowafy, A., Nawar, M., Ohanissian, A., Reda, A., Reda, M., Salem, H., Sami, N., Samir, S., Setiha, M., Sobhy, M., Soliman, A., Taha, N., Tawfik, M., Zaatout, E., Kettles, D., Bayat, J., Siebert, H., Horak, A., Kelfkens, Y., Garda, R., Pillay, T., Guerra, M., van Zyl, L., Theron, H., Murray, A., Louw, R., Greyling, D., Mntla, P., Ueckermann, V., Loghdey, R., Ismail, S., Ahmed, F., Engelbrecht, J., Ramdass, A., Maharajh, S., Oosthuysen, W., Angel, G., Bester, C., Booysen, M., Boshoff, C., Cannon, C., Cassimjee, S., Chami, C., Conway, G., Davids, A., de Meyer, L., Du Plessis, G., Ellis, T., Henley, L., Karsten, M., Loyd, E., Marks, J., Mavhusa, L., Mostert, M., Page, A., Rikhotso, L., Salie, M., Sasto, J., Shaik, F., Skein, A., Smith, L., Tarr, G., Tau, T., van Zyl, F., Al Mahmeed, W., Yousef, G., Agrawal, A., Nathani, M., Ibrahim, M., Esheiba, E.M., Singh, R., Naguib, A., Abu-Mahfouz, M., Al Omairi, M., Al Naeemi, A., Maruthanayagam, R., Bazargani, N., Wassef, A., Gupta, R., Khan, M., Subbaraman, B., Abdul, A., Al Mulla, A., El Bardisy, S., Haridas, P., Jadhav, S., Magdaluyo, K., Makdad, M., Maqsood, I., Mohamed, R., Sharma, N., Sharma, R., Thanzeel, M., Goldhaber, S.Z., Canosa, R., Rama, P., Blumberg, E., Garcia, J., Mullen, P., Wilson, V., Quick, A., Ferrick, K., Kutayli, W.M., Cox, M., Franco, M., Falkowski, S., Mendelson, R., Williams, M., Miller, S., Beach, S., Alfieri, A., Gutowski, T., Haque, I., Reddy, R., Ahmed, W., Delafontaine, P., Diercks, D., Theodoro, D., Remmel, K., Alberts, M., Ison, R., Noveck, H., Duffy, P., Pitta, S., Nishijima, D., Treasure, C., Asafu-Adjaye, N., Ball, K., Bartlett, M., Bentley, M., Bowers, S., Brown, A., Browne, A., Cameron-Watts, J., Canova, M., Cassidy, D., Cervellione, K., Congal, S., DePauw, J., Dickerson, A., Eley, M., Evans, L., Felpel, S., Ferdinand, K., Fielder, D., Gentry, P., Haideri, A., Hakimi, F., Harbour, T., Hartranft, E., Hawkins, B., Headlee, M., Henson, L., Herrick, C., Hicks, T., Jasinski, S., Jones, A., Jones, L., Jones, P., Karl, S., Keeling, M., Kerr, J., Knowles, P., Langdon, J., Lay, M., Lee, J.A., Lincoln, T., Malone, E., Merliss, A., Merritt, D., Minardo, J., Mooso, B., Orosco, C., Palumbo, V., Parker, M., Parrott, T., Paserchia, S., Pearl, G., Peterson, J., Pickelsimer, N., Purcell, T., Raynor, J., Raziano, S., Richard, C., Richardson, T., Robertson, C., Sage, A., Sanghera, T., Shaw, P., Shoemaker, J., Smith, K., Stephanie, B., Thatcher, A., Theobald, H., Thompson, N., Treasure, L., Tripti, T., Verdi, C., Worthy, V., Sawhney, Jitendra PS., Kothiwale, Veerappa A., Bisne, Vikas, Durgaprasad, Rajashekhar, Jadhav, Praveen, Chopda, Manoj, Vanajakshamma, Velam, Meena, Ramdhan, Vijayaraghavan, Govindan, Chawla, Kamaldeep, and Allu, Jagan

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database

Author

Peterson, B. M., Ferrarese, L., Gilbert, K. M., Kaspi, S., Malkan, M. A., Maoz, D., Merritt, D., Netzer, H., Onken, C. A., Pogge, R. W., Vestergaard, M., and Wandel, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present improved black hole masses for 35 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on a complete and consistent reanalysis of broad emission-line reverberation-mapping data. From objects with multiple line measurements, we find that the highest precision measure of the virial product is obtained by using the cross-correlation function centroid (as opposed to the cross-correlation function peak) for the time delay and the line dispersion (as opposed to full width half maximum) for the line width and by measuring the line width in the variable part of the spectrum. Accurate line-width measurement depends critically on avoiding contaminating features, in particular the narrow components of the emission lines. We find that the precision (or random component of the error) of reverberation-based black hole mass measurements is typically around 30%, comparable to the precision attained in measurement of black hole masses in quiescent galaxies by gas or stellar dynamical methods. Based on results presented in a companion paper by Onken et al., we provide a zero-point calibration for the reverberation-based black hole mass scale by using the relationship between black hole mass and host-galaxy bulge velocity dispersion. The scatter around this relationship implies that the typical systematic uncertainties in reverberation-based black hole masses are smaller than a factor of three. We present a preliminary version of a mass-luminosity relationship that is much better defined than any previous attempt. Scatter about the mass-luminosity relationship for these AGNs appears to be real and could be correlated with either Eddington ratio or object inclination., Comment: 61 pages, including 8 Tables and 16 Figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. A Self-Consistent Study of Triaxial Black-Hole Nuclei

Author

Poon, M. Y. and Merritt, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We construct models of triaxial galactic nuclei containing central black holes using the method of orbital superposition, then verify their stability by advancing N-body realizations of the models forward in time. We assume a power-law form for the stellar density, rho ~ 1/r and 1/r^2; these correspond approximately to the nuclear density profiles of bright and faint galaxies respectively. Equidensity surfaces are ellipsoids with fixed axis ratios. The central black hole is represented by a Newtonian point mass. We consider three triaxial shapes: almost prolate, almost oblate and maximally triaxial. Two kinds of orbital solution are attempted for each mass model: the first including only regular orbits, the second including chaotic orbits as well. We find that stable configurations exist in the maximally triaxial and nearly-oblate cases; however steady-state solutions in the nearly-prolate geometry could not be found. A large fraction of the mass, of order 50% or more, could be assigned to the chaotic orbits without inducing evolution. Our results demonstrate that triaxiality may persist even within the sphere of influence of the central black hole, and that chaotic orbits may constitute an important building block of galactic nuclei., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, uses emulateapj.sty

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Dynamics of Black-Hole Nuclei

Author

Merritt, D., Cruz, F., and Milosavljevic, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Space-based observations are beginning to yield detailed information about the stellar kinematics at the very centers of galaxies, within the sphere of gravitational influence of the black hole. The structure and dynamics of these regions is probably determined in part by the infall and coalescence of black holes during galaxy mergers. A goal of N-body simulations is to reproduce the kinematics near the black holes as well as the relations that exist between the nuclear and global properties of galaxies. However, the problem is computationally difficult due to the wide range of length and time scales, and no single N-body code can efficiently follow the evolution from kiloparsec to sub-parsec scales. We review existing N-body work on this problem and present the first, fully self-consistent merger simulations of galaxies containing dense stellar cusps and black holes., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, uses newpasp.sty, Invited review to appear in ``Dynamics of Star Clusters and the Milky Way,'' eds. S. Deiters et al

Published
2000

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results