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Introduction Mouth breathing generates imbalances in the musculature, in craniofacial morphofunctionality, and in the stomatognathic system. Therefore, it is essential to make a diagnosis of mouth breathing through the quantitative assessment of nasal permeability, which can be performed through rhinomanometry.

RESUMO Vários estudos mostram a importância da avaliação quantitativa na patência nasal e do estado funcional das vias aéreas superiores para fornecer informações clínicas e diagnósticas em indivíduos respiradores orais, as quais são de grande interesse para a fonoaudiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação de solução salina nasal nas vias aéreas superiores através da aeração nasal e rinomanometria anterior ativa em crianças respiradoras orais. Estudo de série de oito casos, realizado em crianças com idades entre 7 e 10 anos, com diagnóstico clínico otorrinolaringológico de respiração oral. O estudo consistiu em três etapas: avaliação inicial; intervenção e avaliação final. Foram aplicados os questionários do Índice de Identificação dos Sinais e Sintomas da Respiração Oral e qualidade de vida específica para doenças em pacientes pediátricos com queixas sinonasais. Realizaram-se as avaliações da aeração nasal e o exame da rinomanometria anterior ativa. A intervenção foi realizada por meio da irrigação de solução salina nasal com 10 ml. Em seguida, os pacientes foram reavaliados pela avaliação da aeração nasal e rinomanometria, para comparar os resultados. Em relação à avaliação da aeração nasal e rinomanometria, das 16 medidas comparativas entre pré e pós-irrigação nasal, constataram-se mudanças significativas na aeração nasal e na resistência nasal. A irrigação nasal resultou em melhora nas medidas da aeração nasal, enquanto para o fluxo nasal da rinomanometria, as medidas permaneceram inalteradas entre pré e pós-irrigação nasal.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the effects of nasal cleansing and massage maneuvers on upper airway patency in mouth-breathing children. This is a case report on eight children, aged 7 to 10 years, with a speech-language-hearing diagnosis of mouth breathing and otorhinolaryngological assessment and clinical diagnosis of rhinitis. Nasal airflow and patency were respectively assessed with the Glatzel mirror and Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF). Then, they were submitted to nasal cleansing and massage maneuvers with a saline solution, followed by reassessment with the Glatzel mirror and PNIF to compare results. The medians of total nasal airflow quantification were significant. Data on unilateral nasal cavity measurement indicated a sharp increase in nasal airflow in each nostril, with statistically significant differences between before and after nasal cleansing and massage maneuvers. The medians of the total PNIF were significant after the cleansing. It is concluded that the nasal airflow increased in PNIF after the cleansing maneuver.

The occurrence of metastatic tumors in the orofacial region is rare and may represent the first clinical manifestation of occult malignant disease. An orofacial lesion diagnosed as a metastatic tumor from a renal cell carcinoma in a 68-year-old man is reported. This metastatic tumor caused significant facial asymmetry involving the parotid gland and mandible regions, and the patient died four months after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the clinical aspects, the diagnostic approach, and the importance of early diagnosis to obtain a better response to treatment and provide longer survival time., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Rafael Netto et al.)

Purpose: The aggressive juvenile ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm that affects the jaws of young patients. The treatment can range from careful curettage to complete bone resection. Early dental rehabilitation through osseointegrated implants is indicated for functional recovery and esthetics., Materials and Methods: This article reports the case of a 20-year-old man submitted to osseous resection, installation of a titanium plate associated with bone graft and osteogenic substances with subsequent installation of osseointegrated dental implants., Results: After 28 months of clinical and radiographic follow-up, there were no signs of tumor recurrence. As the patient showed good graft integration, 3 dental implants could be installed and are now waiting to receive a prosthetic work., Conclusions: The use of a graft with morphogenetic proteins proved to be stable and efficient as it allowed the rehabilitation with dental implants.

DNA transposons are considered to be good candidates for developing tools for genome engineering, insertional mutagenesis and gene delivery for therapeutic purposes, as illustrated by the recent first clinical trial of a transposon. In this article we set out to highlight the interest of patent information, and to develop a strategy for the technological development of transposon tools, similar to what has been done in many other fields. We propose a patent landscape for transposon tools, including the changes in international patent applications, and review the leading inventors and applicants. We also provide an overview of the potential patent portfolio for the prokaryotic and eukaryotic transposons that are exploited by spin-off companies. Finally, we discuss the difficulties involved in tracing relevant state-of-the-art of articles and patent documents, based on the example of one of the most promising transposon systems, including all the impacts on the technological development of transposon tools.

Melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare malignant disease that is often discovered in an advanced stage; survival time is an average of five years. Oral melanoma makes up from 0.2 to 8 percent of all melanomas. The presentation of this clinical case demonstrates the complexity of clinical and histopathological manifestations and poor prognosis of oral melanoma.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of cell cycle-associated proteins in neuroblastic and melanocytic cell populations of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy., Study Design: Three cases of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy were selected. The immunohistochemical expression of MDM-2, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, and cyclin A was assessed through use of the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique., Results: Positive immunostaining for MDM-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, and cyclin A was occasionally observed in the large melanin-containing epithelioid cells., Conclusions: These data suggest that MDM-2 expression may be important for the development of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy and that the melanocytic cell population, not the neuroblastic one, is the proliferative component of the tumor.

One consequence of the lack of dystrophin is a higher vulnerability of myofibers to eccentric exercise. In this study, we compared the effect of downhill running on Biceps brachii of MDX mice with or without transplantation of normal myoblasts. Exercise induced damaged was detected by Evans blue staining. In control MDX mice, 26.3% of the fibers were permeated by this dye, myoblast transplantation prevented such necrosis. In the transplanted muscles, only dystrophin negative fibers were injured. Indeed, in muscles containing at least 40% dystrophin positive fibers, the damage was significantly reduced in the grafted muscle. Thus the transplantation of normal myoblasts increases the resistance of dystrophic muscles to exercise. Our results suggest that transplantation of normal myoblasts to DMD patients may have beneficial effects.

Transplantation of normal myoblasts into dystrophic muscles is a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the success of such grafts is limited by the immune system responses. To avoid rejection problems, autologous transplantation of the patient's corrected myoblasts has been proposed. Regretfully, the low proliferative capacity of DMD myoblasts in culture (due to their premature senescence) limits such procedure. On the other hand, modification of dermal fibroblasts leading to the myogenic pathway using a master regulatory gene for myogenesis is an interesting alternative approach. In this study, the retrovirally encoded MyoD1 cDNA was introduced in dermal fibroblasts of TnI LacZ mice to provoke their conversion into myoblast-like cells. In vitro and in vivo assays were done and the results were compared to those obtained with uninfected fibroblasts and myoblasts. Some MyoD1-expressing fibroblasts were able to fuse and to express beta-galactosidase (under the transcriptional control of the Troponin I promoter), dystrophin and desmin in vitro. Thirty days following implantation of these modified fibroblasts in muscles of mdx mice, an average of 7 beta-Gal+/Dys-muscle fibers were observed. No beta-Gal+ fibers were observed after the transplantation of uninfected fibroblasts. Our results indicate that the successful implantation of myoblasts obtained from genetically modified fibroblasts is indeed feasible. However, the in vitro conversion rate and the in vivo fusion of genetically modified fibroblasts must be largely increased to consider this approach as a potential therapy for DMD and other myopathies.

Background: The inflammatory reaction that occurs during the 5 days after transplantation led at 3 days to the death of 70% of injected myoblasts. Use of anti-inflammatory agents appeared to be a possible way to increase myoblast survival. The application of gene transfer techniques to cell transplantation offers the potential for the prevention of inflammatory reaction., Methods: In this study, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene was introduced in myoblasts with a retroviral vector to permit the secretion of this anti-inflammatory cytokine. Survival of (1) infected myoblasts expressing TGF-beta1 or (2) normal myoblasts transplanted with genetically modified cloned myoblasts was compared with survival of normal myoblasts., Results: Expression of TGF-beta1 by myoblasts or by cotransplanted cells decreased myoblast mortality after 3 days by roughly 20% (66.0+/-3.0% in control vs. 46.3+/-4.2% and 46.2+/-5.9%). The increase of myoblast survival by TGF-beta1 expression was correlated with a lower polymorphonuclear cell and macrophage infiltration in muscles compared with control. In addition, cytotoxicity of neutrophils against myoblasts was assayed in vitro. The oxidation of myoblasts by activated neutrophils was decreased after infection of the myoblasts with the TGF-beta1 retroviral vector., Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the insertion of TGF-beta1 decreases inflammatory reaction observed after myoblast transplantation and thus prolongs their survival.

We investigated the role of the neural tube in muscle cell differentiation in developing somitic myotome of chick embryo, particularly through fast myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression. An embryonic fast MHC labeled with EB165 mAb was expressed in somitic cells from stage 15 of Hamburger and Hamilton (H.H.) (24 somites). Moreover, a distinct early embryonic fast MHC was expressed only from stage 15 of H.H. to stage 36 (E10). Like neonatal MHC, this isoform was labeled with 2E9 mAb but differed in its immunopeptide mapping. Expression of EB165-labeled embryonic fast MHC occurred in somitic myotomes deprived of neural tube influence by in ovo ablation as well as in somite explants cultured alone in vitro. Conversely, ablation of the neural tube prevented somitic expression of MHC labeled with 2E9 mAb. The neural tube induced in vitro expression of this MHC in explants of somites which failed to express it when cultured alone. These results indicate that signals emanating from the neural tube are required for the expression of early embryonic fast MHC isoform in developing somitic myotome.

ALD muscle development was studied from day 2 to week 15 in males of two turkey strains. At 15 weeks, the heavy-weight (HW) strain weighted 2.2 times as much as the light-weight strain (LW). Morphometric and immunocytochemical analysis showed the presence of small fibers in HW ALD muscle which simultaneously accumulated ventricular and embryonic fast myosin heavy chain isoforms. The appearance of these nascent myofibers suggests that hyperplasia contributes to the growth of HW ALD muscle.