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Background: Primary cutaneous lymphomas are neoplasms of the immune system with a distinct tropism for the skin and an absence of extracutaneous manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Studies focusing on cutaneous lymphomas in children and adolescents remain scarce and often do not encompass the rare subtypes. Objectives: To address this knowledge gap by describing the clinical, histological and molecular characteristics of a large group of paediatric patients affected by primary cutaneous lymphoma. We also provided the Paediatric Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Atlas that illustrates the clinicopathological spectrum of observed presentations, in the hope of supporting other physicians in the diagnostic process. Methods: Retrospective chart review of paediatric patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous lymphomas between 1980 and 2022 at the Paediatric Dermatology Unit of Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan. Results: A total of 101 patients (58 males, 43 females) met the inclusion criteria. The most common subtypes were lymphomatoid papulosis (n = 48) and mycosis fungoides (n = 31). These were followed by primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (n = 7), primary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphomas (n = 5), primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas (n = 3), primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphomas (n = 2), subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphomas (n = 2), primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n = 1), primary cutaneous precursor B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 1) and Sézary syndrome (n = 1). Clinical follow‐up data covering a median of 70.8 months (range 1–324) were available for 74 patients, of whom three died due to cutaneous lymphoma. Conclusions: Our findings shed light on the peculiar aspects and long‐term outcomes of paediatric cutaneous lymphomas, particularly emphasizing their distinctive features in comparison to their adult counterparts and exploring the less common subtypes. Further larger‐scale studies are warranted to better characterize these entities and to achieve a more rapid and accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a patient with mycetoma caused by Aspergillus nidulans. It discusses the characteristics of Aspergillys nidulans, symptoms experienced by the patient, the patient's medical history, results of the patient's histopathological or mycological examination, and treatment received by the patient.

Chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because of the a modest improvement in survival and quality of life but its efficacy has already reached a plateau. Several molecular targets involved in the uncontrolled growth of lung cancer cells has been recently discovered and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway is as a key therapeutic target. Strategies to block such pathway include tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies. Erlotinib and gefitinib are two EGFR-TKI active against NSCLC. Their efficacy has been proven to be definitively superior in presence of activating EGFR mutation in the tumor. This evidence does not apply to the monoclonal antibody cetuximab, which efficacy in NSCLC was recently demonstrated in a single phase III study. The good tolerability profile of EGFR inhibitors make these agents suitable for maintenance and adjuvant setting, while sequencing of EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy seems to be preferred. This article reviews the role of EGFR inhibitors focusing mainly on compounds in phase III clinical development.