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Michael Quiquempoix,1,2 Fabien Sauvet,1,2 Mégane Erblang,1– 3 Pascal Van Beers,1,2 Mathias Guillard,1,2 Catherine Drogou,1,2 Aurélie Trignol,1,2 Anita Vergez,1,2 Damien Léger,2,4 Mounir Chennaoui,1,2 Danielle Gomez-Merino,1,2 Arnaud Rabat1,2 1Department of Operational Environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Paris, France; 2VIFASOM Team (EA 7330), University of Paris - Hôtel Dieu AP-HP Hospital, Paris, France; 3LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; 4Centre du sommeil et de la vigilance, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu AP-HP, Paris, 75004, FranceCorrespondence: Michael Quiquempoix, Department of operational environments, Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 1, avenue du Général Valérie André, BP 73, Brétigny sur Orge, Paris, 91223, France, Email michael.quiquempoix@def.gouv.frIntroduction: It is widely admitted that both total sleep deprivation (TSD) and extended task engagement (Time-On-Task, TOT) induce a cognitive fatigue state in healthy subjects. Even if EEG theta activity and adenosine both increase with cognitive fatigue, it remains unclear if these modifications are common mechanisms for both sustained attention and executive processes.Methods: We performed a double-blind counter-balanced (placebo (PCBO) and caffeine (CAF) - 2× 2.5 mg/kg/24 h)) study on 24 healthy subjects (33.7 ± 5.9 y). Subjects participated in an experimental protocol including an habituation/training day followed by a baseline day (D0 and D1) and a total sleep deprivation (TSD) day beginning on D1 at 23:00 until D2 at 21:00. Subjects performed the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) assessing sustained attention, followed by the executive Go-NoGo inhibition task and the 2-NBack working memory task at 09:15 on D1 and D2.Results: We showed differential contributions of TSD and TOT on deficits in sustained attention and both executive processes. An alleviating effect of caffeine intake is only observed on sustained attention deficits related to TSD and not at all on TOT effect. The caffeine dose slows down the triggering of sustained attention deficits related to TOT effect.Discussion: These results suggest that sustained attention deficits induced by TSD rely on the adenosinergic mechanism whereas TOT effect observed for both sustained attention and executive would not.Keywords: total sleep deprivation, time on task, caffeine, sustained attention, inhibition, working memory, cognitive fatigue, mental fatigue, healthy subjects

In the field of architecture, codesign has been explored through various methodologies and tools, with the latter still in their nascent stages regarding their ability to effectively communicate with users, potentially leading to less inclusive processes. In this context, the use of full-scale models emerges as an alternative codesign tool due to its capacity to provide information, engage users, and encourage mutual learning. This research delves into this topic, contrasting full-scale models with two traditional participatory tools, namely architectural visualisations and small-scale models. Two design processes were experimented with, applying action research as a methodology with a primarily qualitative focus. Through maps, photographic documentation, and surveys, the interactions experienced by users with the three tools were graphically represented. This information was then compared using an evaluation table, which demonstrated the advantages of each tool that mitigate their respective limitations. For example, architectural visualisations excel in rapid information transmission, small-scale models offer flexibility, and full-scale models enhance inclusivity. This table can serve as a guide for planning other codesign processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While pharmacists-led interventions in hypertension have proven effective in high-income countries, their implementation and impact in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC) remain limited. This study assessed the implementation and outcomes of the hypertension program FarmaTeCuida (FTC), which integrated community pharmacies into the public primary care level using information and communication technologies. The study took place during the pandemic in General Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires, Argentina, so modifications to the implementation strategy and expected outcomes were also analyzed. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted using the non-adoption, abandonment, scaling-up, dissemination, and sustainability (NASSS) conceptual model. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders using snowball sampling until thematic saturation was achieved. The quantitative approach employed a quasi-experimental, prospective, longitudinal design in a cohort of hypertensive patients enrolled in the FTC program since October 2020 to March 2022. Adoption, access, adherence to follow-up, and blood pressure levels were assessed. Clinical outcomes were compared to a cohort of hypertensive patients attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) in 2021 but not enrolled in the FTC program. Routine data from this cohort was obtained from the municipal health information system (HIS). Results: Out of 33 PHCCs, 23 adopted the FTC program, but only four collaborated with community pharmacies. A total of 440 patients were recruited, with 399 (91%) enrolled at PHCCs. Hypertensionwas detected in 63%(279/440) of cases at the first visit (113were possible hypertensive patients; 26 newhypertensive patients and 140 already diagnosed). During follow-up, FTC identified 52 new hypertensive patients (12% out of 440). Reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed in patients enrolled in both the FTC programand the comparison group over 60 days. In themultivariate analysis that included all hypertensive patient (FTC and HIS)we found strong evidence that for each month of follow up, SBP was reduced by 1.12 mmHg; however, we did not find any significant effect of the FTC program on SBP trend (interaction FTC*months has a p-value = 0.23). The pandemic was identified as the main reason for the program's underperformance; in addition we identified barriers related to technology, patient suitability, implementation team characteristics, and organizational factors. Discussion: Our study, grounded in the NASSS model, highlights the profound complexity of introducing innovative strategies in low- and middle-income settings. Despite substantial challenges posed by the pandemic, these obstacles provided valuable insights, identified areas for improvement, and informed strategies essential for reshaping the care paradigm for conditions like hypertension in resource-constrained environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

David Merino, Pablo Loza-Alvarez The Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain Abstract: Adaptive optics (AO) retinal imaging has become very popular in the past few years, especially within the ophthalmic research community. Several different retinal techniques, such as fundus imaging cameras or optical coherence tomography systems, have been coupled with AO in order to produce impressive images showing individual cell mosaics over different layers of the in vivo human retina. The combination of AO with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy has been extensively used to generate impressive images of the human retina with unprecedented resolution, showing individual photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium cells, as well as microscopic capillary vessels, or the nerve fiber layer. Over the past few years, the technique has evolved to develop several different applications not only in the clinic but also in different animal models, thanks to technological developments in the field. These developments have specific applications to different fields of investigation, which are not limited to the study of retinal diseases but also to the understanding of the retinal function and vision science. This review is an attempt to summarize these developments in an understandable and brief manner in order to guide the reader into the possibilities that AO scanning laser ophthalmoscopy offers, as well as its limitations, which should be taken into account when planning on using it. Keywords: high-resolution, in vivo retinal imaging, AOSLO