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Abstract Background The Salmonella PreA/PreB two-component system (TCS) is an ortholog of the QseBC TCS of Escherichia coli. In both Salmonella and E. coli, this system has been shown to affect motility and virulence in response to quorum-sensing and hormonal signals, and to affect the transcription of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) pmrAB operon, which encodes an important virulence-associated TCS. Results To determine the PreA/PreB regulon in S. Typhimurium, we performed DNA microarrays comparing the wild type strain and various preA and/or preB mutants in the presence of ectopically expressed preA (qseB). These data confirmed our previous findings of the negative effect of PreB on PreA gene regulation and identified candidate PreA-regulated genes. A proportion of the activated loci were previously identified as PmrA-activated genes (yibD, pmrAB, cptA, etc.) or were genes located in the local region around preA, including the preAB operon. The transcriptional units were defined in this local region by RT-PCR, suggesting three PreA activated operons composed of preA-preB, mdaB-ygiN, and ygiW-STM3175. Several putative virulence-related phenotypes were examined for preAB mutants, resulting in the observation of a host cell invasion and slight virulence defect of a preAB mutant. Contrary to previous reports on this TCS, we were unable to show a PreA/PreB-dependent effect of the quorum-sensing signal AI-2 or of epinephrine on S. Typhimurium with regard to bacterial motility. Conclusion This work further characterizes this unorthadox OmpR/EnvZ class TCS and provides novel candidate regulated genes for further study. This first in-depth study of the PreA/PreB regulatory system phenotypes and regulation suggests significant comparative differences to the reported function of the orthologous QseB/QseC in E. coli.

Objective: to understand the experience of care of people with venous ulcers using an Unna's boot., Method: a qualitative study, based on the social phenomenology by Alfred Schütz, was carried out with 12 adults interviewed in 2015. The statements were analyzed and organized in thematic categories., Results: the following categories emerged: "Unna's boot annoyance versus wound improvement", "Difficulties for accessing care with the Unna's boot", "Care for healing and preventing recurrence", and "Receiving more attention from the healthcare professional"., Conclusion: the experience of care of people using an Unna's boot revealed the annoyance caused by this device, which was overcome due to the wound improvement. However, access to care was compromised by the lack of structure at the service, frustrating the patients' expectations regarding wound healing. The issues of these people's intersubjective universe should be considered in the management of care of venous ulcers.

Aim and Objective: To explore the individual experience of being readmitted for surgical site infection resulting from orthopaedic surgery., Background: Surgical site infection has been a cause of concern worldwide and contributes to the greatest number of hospital readmission occurrences. Health professionals must understand the meaning of these readmissions for the individual, as an understanding of these exclusive experiences improves the quality of surgical care., Design: Qualitative research based on the existential phenomenology of Martin Heidegger., Method: Eleven individuals who were readmitted because of surgical site infection participated in the study. The testimonials were obtained over an 11-month period in 2014-2015 based on the following leading question: What has it been like for you to be readmitted because of orthopaedic surgical site infection? The phenomenological analysis identified the sentiment units of the testimonials and their interrelation, revealing the meanings., Results: The revealed contents were fear and insecurity of the unknown, frustration, and the sense of time passing them by and being unable to live their lives. The individuals felt neglected, and they experienced their social relationality as impaired and sometimes approaching a breakdown. The patients connected with God as an attempt to avoid complications and death., Conclusion: We urge healthcare professionals to deepen their knowledge of the dimensions of care by developing competencies that consider the subjectivity of experiences of the health-disease process. When the only listening that takes place is qualified listening, the professional's attitudes compromise his or her ability to provide true care, which transcends the knowledge of doing and reaches the knowledge of doing with sensitivity., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Nursing care requires an attitude that considers the patient as more than a carrier of illness and should not be limited to what is described and prescribed, although the latter cannot be excluded in an organisational point of view., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: This study was conducted to understand the experiences of intimate partner violence among women from Portuguese-speaking countries living in the Greater Toronto Area., Method: A social phenomenological study was conducted with ten Portuguese-speaking women who had experienced intimate partner violence who were selected by community centre leaders. The interviews were transcribed, translated and analysed by categories., Results: The consequences of violence included health problems, effects on children, and negative feelings among the victims. Factors preventing the women from leaving abusive partners included religious beliefs, challenging daily jobs, and the need to take care of their husband. Factors that encouraged them to leave included getting support and calling the police. Some women expressed hope for the future either with their husband. Others, desired divorce or revenge. Their plans to rebuild their lives without their husband included being happy, learning English, and being financially stable., Conclusion: Using these findings can implicate in the improvement of care for these women.

Objective: To understand the life experience of homeless women., Method: A social phenomenological study was conducted with 10 women assisted by a shelter. The analysis of the interviews was based on the theoretical framework of social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz and thematic literature., Results: The participants face adversities in the street context, with emphasis on the risk of physical and sexual abuse, and seek shelters as a possibility for minimizing difficulties experienced. They hope to leave the streets; however, they see themselves trapped in this social reality, due to the addiction to alcohol and other drugs., Conclusion: The understanding of the life experience of homeless women shows daily confrontations and reveals the conflict between the desire for leaving and remaining on the streets, given the complexity of the reality that keeps them in this condition., Objetivo: Compreender a vivência de mulheres em situação de rua., Método: Pesquisa fenomenológica social realizada com 10 mulheres assistidas por um albergue. A análise das entrevistas ancorou-se no referencial teórico da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz e literatura temática., Resultados: As participantes enfrentam adversidades no contexto da rua, com destaque para o risco de violência física e sexual, e buscam o albergue como possibilidade de minimizar as dificuldades vivenciadas. Elas têm como expectativa sair da rua, porém se veem presas a esta realidade social em virtude do vício em álcool e outras drogas., Conclusão: A compreensão da vivência de mulheres em situação de rua aponta enfrentamentos cotidianos e revela o conflito entre o desejo de sair e permanecer na rua, dada a complexidade da realidade que as mantém nesta condição.

Objective: to identify nurses' knowledge and practice in the framework of the Family Health Strategy program with regard to social participation in health., Method: qualitative study which had the Family Health Units in a municipality of Minas Gerais as setting. Nine nurses participated in the study, and they were interviewed individually in July and August 2014. Data were collected and analyzed according to the content analysis technique and interpreted in the light of Paulo Freire's ontology and critical pedagogy., Results: the analyzed statements showed that nurses bring along conceptual and behavioral inconsistencies which need to be equalized, so their knowledge and practice can mediate the challenging construction of participatory management in health., Conclusion: an improvement in nurses' training is suggested, both academically and professionally, aiming at strengthening their political role in the process of consolidation of social participation in the Brazilian Unified Health System.

One third of the immigrant population around the world is made up of women. Of these women, many belong to the Portuguese community. Immigrants account for more than one in five Canadians. The Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada are vulnerable to be victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is a prevalent and important global health issue that affects differently diverse groups. There are few available researches regarding IPV on this population. The objective of this study is to understand how Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada experience IPV. This is a qualitative study with a social phenomenological focus. Alfred Schutz's motivation theory was used to analyze the impulses that led older women to face IPV. The data were collected from July to October 2013 in the Greater Toronto Area. Ten women 60 years or older were included in the study. The participants perceived themselves as being victimized by their current or ex partners. They are unhappy and suffer from a variety of health problems, which they related to their experience of IPV. These factors, along with participants' personal beliefs, and their legal situations as immigrants in Canada, made them act, either in a way that would try to maintain their relationships, or tried to escape the violent situation. IPV is a complex phenomenon, with different perceptions surrounding it. The experiences of the older immigrant women showed that ending the marriage is not always a possibility to them because of cultural issues and their immigrant status in Canada. Some women wish help and support to improve their relationships., (© The Author(s) 2016.)

Objective: The aim of this paper is to understand the experience of smokers in view of unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking., Method: This study is based on social phenomenology. Between November and December of 2014, nine interviews were conducted with people that had attempted to quit smoking. The content of these interviews was analyzed and discussed based on the related literature., Results: Unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking are related to tobacco addiction; cigarettes are seen as a support to cope with everyday stressful situations. Attempts to quit the smoking habits were based on the need of health improvement and insistence of family and friends. Smokers reported the use of habit cessation strategies learned in support groups, but they also express expectation of specialized psychological support., Conclusion: The study points out the need to expand the strategies of approaching smokers, and reinforcing psychological support in order to achieve success in the attempt to quit smoking.

Objective: Characterizing readmissions from orthopedic surgical site infections., Method: An integrative review of literature in the LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO and PUBMED databases, using the descriptors Patient readmission, Wound infection, Cross infection, Orthopedic procedures, Orthopedics., Results: 78 studies were identified and 10 publications were selected. Surgical site infections are the most common cause of unplanned orthopedic readmissions, representing long periods of hospitalization, new surgical procedures and high costs, and greater possibility of subsequent hospitalizations. Most significant predictors have indicated average length of hospitalization, need for intensive care, emergency status at admission, risk of death, age > 65 years, males and higher body mass index., Conclusion: Readmission rates have increasingly become measures of quality and concerns about costs. New studies could involve issues related to indirect costs, specifically social and psychological costs.

Objective Understand the experiences and expectations of intensive care unit nurses in caring for organ donors and their families. Method Qualitative research, with a social phenomenological approach, conducted in 2013 with 20 nurses. Results The experiences of the nurses with the families of donors were represented by two categories: obstacles encountered and interventions performed in the care of the donors' families. The expectations of these professionals in caring for organ donors and their families were described in the category: care to save lives. Conclusion The study showed that the day-to-day work of intensive care nurses in their care of organ donors and their families is permeated with obstacles that interfere in the donation process. In light of this, their goal is to provide intensive care to deceased donors and humanized care to the families, to help family members agree to organ donation and enable organs to be made available for transplants.

Background: Domestic violence is a global public health issue, as it is in Brazil. The psychological violence is one of the most prevalent forms of domestic violence, affecting more women than men. However, many older adults do not consider it as a type of domestic violence. In addiction, psychological violence has received little attention from researchers. So, this study aims to further understand the phenomenon of psychological domestic violence perpetrated by relatives against older adult women (60 years and older)., Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a social phenomenological approach proposed by Alfred Schütz. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 older Brazilian women from three different agencies, two in Campina Grande and one in São Bernardo do Campo. Data collection took place between November 2012 and February 2013. We performed data analysis using the key concepts (such as the world of everyday life, natural attitude, intersubjetivity, stock of knowledge, biographical situation, social action, motivation and typification) proposed by Alfred Schutz., Results: Despite the fact that participants reported being psychologically abused, they also referred to being neglected and financially abused. They revealed being threatened, disrespected, neglected, financially abused, forced to do housework, and humiliated. Older women expressed feelings of sadness, anger, grief, and fear, which had negative effects on their health. Attempts by the participants to change their current situations were unsuccessful and resulted in feelings of helplessness. The abuser's behaviour will change, and leaving the abusive situation were two possible outcomes pointed for participants., Conclusions: A support network is crucial to help changing the behaviour of aggressors and/or to help older adult women leave the abusive situation. Further research is needed to understand the risk factors linked to abuse behaviours, to develop educational programs for the abusers, and to design social support for the victims.

Objective: To understand the process by which an obese woman decides to have bariatric surgery., Method: A qualitative survey with a social phenomenology approach, carried out in 2012, with 12 women, using the phenomenological interview., Results: A woman bases the decision to have the surgery on: the inappropriateness of her eating habits; a physical appearance that is incompatible with an appearance that is standardized by society; the social prejudice that she has to live with; the limitations imposed by obesity; and her lack of success with previous attempts to lose weight. Outcomes that she hopes for from the decision to have the surgery include: restoring her health; achieving social inclusion; and entering the labor market., Conclusion: This study allows one to reflect that prescriptive actions do not give a satisfactory response to a complexity of the subjective questions involved in the decision to have surgery for obesity. For this, what is called for is a program of work based on an interdisciplinary approach, and training that gives value to the bio-psycho-social aspects involved in a decision in favor of surgical treatment.

Objective To understand the experiences and expectations of nurses in the treatment of women with chronic venous ulcers. Method Phenomenological research was based on Alfred Schütz, whose statements were obtained in January, 2012, through semi-structured interviews with seven nurses. Results The nurse reveals the difficulties presented by the woman in performing self-care, the perceived limitations in the treatment anchored in motivation, and the values and beliefs of women. It showed professional frustration because venous leg ulcer recurrence, lack of inputs, interdisciplinary work and training of nursing staff. There was an expected adherence to the treatment of women, and it emphasized the need for ongoing care, supported self-care and standard practices in treatment. Conclusion That treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers constitutes a challenge that requires collective investment, involving women, professionals, managers and health institutions.

This is a qualitative research, which used the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz approach. Its purpose was meeting and discussing the expectations of teachers, nurses and students about teaching in the clinical field. Nine teachers, eleven nurses and eleven students of the Nursing Graduation grade from a public university of São Paulo were included in this study. Data were collected in 2012. As the results showed, there are expectations about the link between theory and practice that clinical teaching can offer and also the desire that such instruction enable the learners to develop a pro-active and participatory attitude. The reciprocity of perspectives was evident and should be considered when academic projects focused on nursing education are developed.

Objective: to investigate the meaning of the action of nurses in the donation process to maintain the viability of organs and tissues for transplantation., Method: this qualitative study with a social phenomenological approach was conducted through individual interviews with ten nurses of three Organ and Tissue Procurement Services of the city of São Paulo., Results: the experience of the nurses in the donation process was represented by the categories: obstacles experienced in the donation process, and interventions performed. The meaning of the action to maintain the viability of organs and tissues for transplantation was described by the categories: to change paradigms, to humanize the donation process, to expand the donation, and to save lives., Final Considerations: knowledge of the experience of the nurses in this process is important for healthcare professionals who work in different realities, indicating strategies to optimize the procurement of organs and tissues for transplantation.

The chronic venous leg ulcer is the major therapeutic problem of lower limb injuries, which can trigger changes in the daily life of the person affected by it. This study aimed to understand the daily life of men who lives with chronic venous ulcers. A phenomenological study was conducted with eight men, who were interviewed during June and July of 2001. The study asked questions related to: "Restrictions in social life" and "Recovering the skin integrity and restart the activities affected by the wound". The answers revealed that men with these ulcers have social implications in the areas of productivity and sexuality. This leads to restrictions in everyday life with loss in performance of socially established roles for men, leading to anxiety for his return at full performance of his social role. The findings suggest significant experiential aspects that may guide professionals in the planning and implementation of health actions aimed to treat these patients.

Objective: to understand the experience of women who induced an abortion during adolescence as demanded by their mothers., Method: qualitative study with a social phenomenology approach conducted in 2010 with three women through interviews with open questions., Results: the participants tried to hide their pregnancies from their mothers and when the mothers found out about the pregnancies they decide to interrupt it, demanding that their daughters have an abortion, which was performed in an unsafe manner, regardless of the adolescents' desire. After the abortion, the adolescents experienced suffering, guilt, and regret for not having fought against their mothers' decisions. These women expect to be autonomous to make their own decisions, take care of their own health and become pregnant again., Conclusion: the study evidenced the decision for an abortion was centered on the adolescents' mothers, a result that deserves to be further explored in future research deepening the relationship established between daughter and mother in the situation of an induced abortion. We suggest the creation of opportunities for the triad of health professional/adolescent/family to dialogue, especially the mother, who in the context of family relations, can help the daughter to safely deal with an early pregnancy and prevent it instead of influencing the adolescent to induce an abortion.

Nursing care can be considered a social action that is set in the everyday world, where intersubjective relations are established and must be valued by the nurse in the different contexts in which it acts. It is a theoretical study which aimed to highlight the main concepts of the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz's and its contribution to Nursing as a knowledge and professional practice field. The following questions guided this study: what is the understanding of caring in Nursing from the perspective of the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz's? How to apply Alfred Schütz's theoretical concepts in the action of caring in Nursing? The theoretical concepts of the social phenomenology and their interface with Nursing were delimited. By incorporating the concepts of the t theory of social action developed by Alfred Schütz into Nursing, this study allows nurses to value and apply the aspects highlighted by this theoretical framework within healthcare, education and scientific research.

This qualitative study used a social phenomenology approach to elucidate the experiences, care needs and expectations of the elderly women. Nine elderly women were interviewed between February and May 2011 using a semi-structured questionnaire. The elderly women referred to their physical, mental, and social limitations. They valued ​​the preservation of their autonomy in daily activities and in self-care and considered their families to be a fundamental support. They had expectations of remaining healthy, pursuing leisure activities, and having improved access to healthcare information and treatment. The absence of prospects at this stage of life was related to the loss of significant people and the loss of health. The results of this study reveal important aspects of the experiences of elderly women and encourage further research and improvement in teaching, clinical practice and management policies in relation to the needs of these women.

Integrative review of Brazilian studies about evidence-based practices (EBP) about prevention in human health, published in Web of Science/JCR journals, between October 2010 and April 2011. The aim was to identify the specialties that most accomplished these studies, their foci and methodological approaches. Based on inclusion criteria, 84 studies were selected, mainly published in public health journals, focusing on primary care and also addressing clinical issues and different specialties. Prevention foci and methodological approaches also varied, with a predominance of systematic reviews without meta-analysis. The results indicate that there is no single way to conceptualize and practice EBP in the field of prevention, and that its application may not only serve to obtain indisputable evidence to equip intervention actions. This endless knowledge area is under construction, with a view to the analysis and further understanding of health phenomena.

This study is founded on the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger, with the objective to understand the care needs of women infected with the human papilloma virus. Participants were fourteen women who had been diagnosed with this infection. The guiding questions were: What is it like to have this diagnosis? Tell me your experience, from when you received your diagnosis until today. What has your health care been like? The questions revealed the theme - seeking care as solitude - which showed the importance of the support of family and friends. The presence of the infection as the cause of marital conflicts and separation was another highlighted aspect. The statements showed that there was a sense of resignation after an unsuccessful attempt to find accurate and clear information in order to make assertive decisions. Health interventions for infected women must overcome the traditional models of care, including interventions for health promotion and prevention, with trained professionals who are sensitive to the subjective dimension.

Objective: To understand how nurses see care delivery to elderly women., Methods: In this phenomenological study, ten nurses working at Primary Health Care Units were interviewed between September 2010 and January 2011., Results: In care delivery, nurses consider the elderly women's knowledge background and biographical situation, and also value the family's participation as a care mediator. These professionals have the acuity to capture these women's specific demands, but face difficulties to deliver care to these clients. Nurses expect to deliver qualified care to these women., Conclusion: The theoretical and methodological approach of social phenomenology permitted revealing that the nurse designs qualified care to elderly women, considering the possibilities in the context. This includes the participation of different social actors and health sectors, assuming collective efforts in action strategies and professional training, in line with the particularities and care needs of elderly women nurses identify.

This is a qualitative research based on the social phenomenology approach, performed in 2010 with eight adolescents who experienced abortion and were assisted in a philanthropic hospital institution in the state of Minas Gerais. This research aimed at understanding the experience and care needs regarding adolescents in an abortion situation. The results show that the pregnancy impact led to the fear of non acceptance by the family and at the same time, the feeling of happiness for the possibility of being a mother. The abortion experience was marked by suffering and the care provided was considered satisfactory, being highlighted the need for more attention and information. The adolescents plan to continue their studies and have in mind the possibility of a new pregnancy. The planning of preventive actions aimed at this audience, and the development of new scientific investigations that include the perspective of family members and health professionals begin to emerge.

This is a phenomenological study that aimed to understand the experience of the student enrolled in both the Bachelor and the teaching undergraduate degree in nursing at the same time. Interviews with eight nursing students from a public university of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were undertaken. Analyses were conducted based on the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Results showed that according to the pupils, there is no connection between the teaching courses and the Bachelor ones, but they also highlighted that the teaching degree helps educational activities in nursing. The students have interest in working with health education and to become nursing teachers. They also consider that the dual degree allows the expansion of knowledge and generates better expectations related to professional practice. However, it has gaps which need to be reviewed by those who work in nursing education, addressing the specific theoretical and practical needs of nursing students.

The nurse has a key role in involving parents in the care of newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to comprehend how the nurses experience the care provided to newborns in the presence of the parents. This is a qualitative study using social phenomenology, with the participation of seven nurses, interviewed between January and February 2009. The nurses perceived the needs of parents; had positive expectations regarding the care provided and acknowledge themselves to be the link between them, helping them to live with the hospitalized child. However, in emergencies, the nurses had difficulties in caring for the neonate in the presence of the parents. The nurses positively evaluated the presence of parents in the neonatal intensive care unit, involving them permanently in the care of the newborn. The study evokes the emergence of a care context (nurse/neonate/parents) that precedes the proximity between the subjects and the demands presented by them.

During theoretical and practical activities in clinical training areas, nursing teachers provide the bases needed for the development of future professionals. The goal is to understand the experience of nursing teachers with nursing students in clinical training areas. Therefore, a phenomenological qualitative method was chosen, and Martin Heidegger's philosophical framework was used to support data analysis. Five faculty from a Chilean university participated in the study. The analysis permitted discovering the following themes: being a faculty at the hospital, contact with nurse practitioners and being a faculty in care teaching. The study demonstrated that teaching/care integration is a constructive element that facilitates the teaching and learning process, aiming to prepare nursing professionals who incorporate the bases of authentic care into their activities.

This is an integrative review of Brazilian studies on evidence-based practices (EBP) in health, published in ISI/JCR journals in the last 10 years. The aim was to identify the specialty areas that most accomplished these studies, their foci and methodological approaches. Based on inclusion criteria, 144 studies were selected. The results indicate that most EBP studies addressed childhood and adolescence, infectious diseases, psychiatrics/mental health and surgery. The predominant foci were prevention, treatment/rehabilitation, diagnosis and assessment. The most used methods were systematic review with or without meta-analysis, protocol review or synthesis of available evidence studies, and integrative review. A strong multiprofessional expansion of EBP is found in Brazil, contributing to the search for more selective practices by collecting, recognizing and critically analyzing the produced knowledge. The study also contributes to the analysis itself of ways to do research and new research possibilities.

In Brazil, the delivery and birth care model in Brazil has been the topic of many studies and discussions about introducing obstetric practices that take women's autonomy into account in the parturition process. Birthing Centers propose models that represent a new scenario to deliver such care. The objective of this was to understand the experience of women in labor in the context of a Birthing Center located in the city of São Paulo. Data was collected from March to October 2007 and analyzed according to the Alfred Schütz social phenomenology framework. Seven women participated in this study. Results showed that women choose the Birthing Center expecting to receive humanized care and that, within this context, they have positive and negative experiences. It is imperative to discuss public policies for delivery care, as well as its implementation and impact on perinatal health indicators.

The nurse is one of the professionals responsible for the care directed toward the physical, mental and social development of newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of nurses working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was performed in 2008, through interviews with 12 nurses working in public and private hospitals of the city of São Paulo. The units of meaning identified were grouped into three categories: Developing actions; Perceiving their actions and Expectations. The analysis was based on social phenomenology. It was concluded that the overload of activities, the reduced number of staff, the lack of materials, equipment and the need for professional improvement are the reality of the work of the nurse in this sector. To supervise the care is the possible; integral care of the newborn, involving the parents, is the ideal desired.

The trajectory of this study was focused on understanding the experience of being a nursing teacher, woman and mother and reconciling work, motherhood and other daily activities. Participants were 11 women, mothers, teachers at higher education Institutions. Social Phenomenology was adopted for the analysis. The context of meanings was evidenced by categories: Difficulty in performing multiple activities; care of oneself and conciliation of social roles. Women give priority to being a mother, so that they have less time to take care of themselves. In spite of desiring to invest in teaching, they expect to have more time available to be in touch with their children and partner. This study showed that the professional and personal worlds need an interface, which allows for co-existence between the different roles women play in society.

Objective: to examine how adolescent fathers experience recurring parenthood., Design: qualitative study with a social phenomenological focus., Participants: five fathers between 16 and 19 years of age, each with two children., Findings: the participants perceived themselves as mature, responsible, worried about the care and education of their children, and desiring a secure future life. These factors made them seek employment, their own home, marital stability, construction of a family and return to school. They experienced the ambivalence of desiring one reality and living another, given that, as adolescent parents, they regretted the loss of their freedom., Key Conclusions: recurring parenthood in adolescence is a complex phenomenon, with many possible perceptions. The diverse experiences depend on the social context that is defined by the wishes, plans, possibilities and meanings of each distinct social class., Implications for Practice: care delivery to these adolescents should consider not only theoretical and chronobiological aspects, but also the experiences of these young people and the psychosocial and cultural factors involved in their fatherhood., (Copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The study was motivated by observations of the routine at neonatal intensive care units (NICU), thoughts about the dichotomy between theory, discourse, and the practice of many nurses towards the newborns' parents. The objectives were to learn about nurses' experiences regarding neonatal care to newborns and their parents, and to understand how nurses experience the process of affective attachment between newborns hospitalized at NICUs and their parents. This study was developed according to the social phenomenology approach of Alfred Schütz. Study subjects were eight practical nurses who had worked at NICU of public and private hospitals. Categories of experience emerged from the discourses, including Human Contact. The analysis revealed that nurses see themselves as the connection between parents and children, and believe they play an important role in creating the affective attachment between parent and child.

This study aimed at understanding the reality of being a clinical nurse who works with nursing students while they develop their care experience in the clinical practice. The research was carried out by means of a phenomenological approach. Nine clinical nurses were interviewed and based on their discourses four categories of concretely experienced events were identified and interpreted according to Martin Heidegger's philosophical reference. Among the categories emerging from those discourses, this article highlights the following: being a nurse with students in their educational process, and the possibility of being with private and public university students. These aspects are presented here in order to encourage reflections on the important participation of clinical nurses in the education of future nursing professionals.

The authors briefly analyze the situation of maternal health care in Brazil and, based on their findings, they comment that there have been transformations in the health care model for women and families and propose some measures, including recovery of the work of the obstetric nurse or midwife (obstetriz, in Portuguese). They comment that women care tendencies in the delivery process presuppose incorporation of the paradigm of improving the physiology of valuing women's experience, the approach to the family, health advice that prioritizes prevention, education and relationships, without ignoring safety. They appoint that building this health care model, which includes the work of the midwife, may improve maternal health indicators.

Qualitative and phenomenological study based on reports of women between 48 and 55 years old with spontaneous menopause for 12 months or more. Results evidenced five theme categories that were analyzed and interpreted based on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's theoretical-philosophical reference framework. Among the categories that emerged from reports, the theme 'reflecting on sexuality' was emphasized, and is presented with a view to understanding the existential aspects of the climacteric experience, focusing on the exercise of sexuality.

Considering the importance of prenatal care quality to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, the aim of this study was to evaluate quality in the assistance to low-risk pregnant women by means of quality indicators stated by the Health Ministry. This is an evaluating, quantitative and retrospective study carried out in a Prenatal Service in a Family Health Unit in a city in the state of São Paulo. The results showed that the Family Health Program provides a quality prenatal assistance and that the link established between the Unit professionals and the Health Community Agents with pregnant women is imperative for the adherence to the Prenatal Assistance Program.

This study investigated the experience of nursing workers at the Sterile Processing Department (SPD) of a hospital in Londrina, State of Paraná, using the qualitative phenomenological method. Ten interviews were conducted. The analysis of the discourses made possible to build four categories: 1) How the individual came to be part of the department - describes the various ways one may come to work in the unit; 2) Speaking about the work involved in the SPD - describes the turnover, the multiple simultaneous tasks that must be performed and the preference for certain areas; the closed atmosphere; the technological evolution; and the interpersonal relationships; 3) Dealing with difficulties - describes the daily routine; the repetitive and monotonous work; the physical exhaustion; the lack of supplies and equipment; the adjustment period; and the under-appreciation, discrimination, and ignorance of other health workers about their work; 4) Overcoming the obstacles - reveals that through greater awareness of their role in the Department these professionals are able to recognize their importance.

This study aimed to understand the meanings women who possess health plans hold regarding pregnancy and get to know their care needs in this phase of the vital cycle. It was based on the qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration. The discourses analysis was based on the sociologist and fenomenologist Alfred Schutz's thought. Having health plans and being attended in private institutions were defined as inclusion criteria. The following categories emerged from the discourses: having new responsibilities; experiencing a special situation; experiencing insecurity, anxiety and expectations; feeling limited; trusting the health professional. It was found, through the analysis of categories, that the experience of the pregnant women who participated in the study is similar to those who do not possess health plans. However, in the category "trusting the health professional" it was possible to perceive the importance of possessing health plan, which allows the intersubjectivity between the woman and the health professional.

This study aimed to analyze the scientific production of nursing dissertations and theses with a phenomenological approach published from 1981 to 2002. A descriptive, retrospective and bibliometric research was carried out. The material analysis, which is part of the database of the catalogue Information on Nursing Research and Researchers, resulted in 217 studies, 71,9% from the master's course and 28,1% from the doctoral course. Among the obtained results, it stands out that the theoretical-philosophical reference chosen to support the data discussion found in investigations has not been used emphatically. There is a need to discuss the unveiled data, through the subjects' discourse, in the light of the philosophical reference framework mentioned in the research trajectory.

This study investigates the relation between female nurses and osteomuscular disturbances associated with their work. It is clear from the study that Nursing professionals are exposed to a number of unfavorable conditions in their working environment. Predominant complaints are related to the osteomuscular system, which affects mostly females due not only to the biological characteristics of women, but also because of the uneven distribution of work between genders that prevails nowadays.

This is a case study with a phenomenological approach on the experience of a woman who works in nursing and suffers from the de Quervain's disease, an osteo-muscular disorder related to working conditions. This study aimed to understand what means to be a woman working in nursing and suffering from an osteo-muscular disorder related to working conditions through a worker of the Material and Sterilization Center of a private hospital. The philosophical referential from Martin Heidegger was used for the comprehensive analysis of the statement in question. The analysis revealed that the physiopathological process of the de Quervain's disease caused changes in the worker's life, characterized by painful manifestations and especially by physical limitations, which generate a multiplicity of feelings. Anguish is present in the process of accepting the disease, when the worker perceives the fragility of her existence and recognizes herself as the one responsible for her own care, reaching authenticity and transcending the disease.

Qualitative study with the approach of the Social Phenomenology that had as objective to know graduation students and egresses of a Nursing School percieve mental patient and, to understand how the education of psychiatric nursing reflects in this process. The "living student-type" perceives the mental patient as a different person, violent, without control, who loses the reason, without abilities and conditions of living socially, who awakes conflicting emotions as fear, prejudice and compassion. The egresses have mental patients as a person who needs help, because the lack of knowledge, psychic and emotional resources of the professionals, the relatives and the society favors the segregation and the exclusion. Thus, the education needs the practice subsidized theoretically by the axes that support the principles of the Psychiatric Reformation.

The aim of this study was to achieve an understanding of what new mothers served by private health care realize about the postpartum period, as well as identifying what their help and care needs are, during this life cycle. The research development proposition has been grounded on a qualitative research model with the phenomenological approach. Some categories came out from the statements: Taking charge of her child; feeling overloaded, overwhelmed and insecure; sensing herself vulnerable; experiencing a magic and unique emotion; reporting postpartum care satisfaction. After reviewing the categorical analysis, the postpartum living experiences as described by the subjects have been found quite similar to that of women without private health care. Nevertheless, the access to good quality in private health services became an important aspect because it enabled a close subjective relationship of mother and health care professional, allowing a safe postpartum experience.

This study aimed to understand the meaning of nurses' actions related to ethical occurrences involving nursing professionals. Data were collected through interviews with nurse managers and members of a Nursing Ethics Committee who experienced the phenomenon. Data were analyzed in the framework of social phenomenology. The nurses' experiences gave rise to the following categories of meaning, as these professionals seek: the humanization of nursing care; continuous improvement of the care process; professional credibility; patients' satisfaction; demystification of the fear of punishment; partnership in the educational process; respect for ethical secrecy and expectation related to the event being forwarded to the Nursing Ethics Committee. The social typification was described at the end. Nurses' actions in cases of ethical events attract the interest of nursing professionals, who want to ensure a risk or damage-free care and to promote the valuation of these professionals.

This qualitative phenomenological research was carried out in order to understand how women experience living with advance gynecological cancer. We chose to make a qualitative survey in a phenomenological approach, based on the following directive question: "I'd like you to tell me your experience: 'How is it to be a woman with gynecological cancer?" ' Six women were interviewed. The ontological unification which emerged from the speeches were analyzed and interpreted according to Martin Heidegger's philosophical referential. These unifications made possible to see ways to care for these women that go far beyond technical and scientific knowledge. It is necessary to understand what has been lived by the other, thus ensuring a quality of care that contemplates subjectivity and inter-subjectivity.

The trajectory of this study was focused on understanding the meaning of taking care of women with cancer, without any possibilities of cure, through their perspective. With this proposal, we chose to carry out a qualitative survey, according to a phenomenological approach, based on these directive questions: "Tell me how I can take care of you. How would you like to be taken care of?" The descriptions evidenced the ontological unifications that were analyzed and interpreted according to Martin Heidegger's reference framework. These unifications made it possible to reveal ways for the act of taking care in the dying process that go beyond technical-scientific knowledge, because taking care also involves empathy, listening, patience, zeal, pain control and autonomy. Based on these women's point of view, we could reach the sense of being a person with cancer in the dying process, not as something finished, but as a person with possibilities, in spite of facing the factual situation of living with the existential end.

Qualitative study of phenomenological approach, accomplished from women's testimony aged between 58 and 55, who had presented spontaneous menopause over the last 12 months or more. The results evidenced five thematic categories that were analyzed and interpreted under the light of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's philosophical theoretical referral. Among the categories that have emerged from the testimonies, the unveiled theme "Make yourself aware of the world through your body in space and time" will be presented with the objective of stimulating the reflection on existential aspects of experiencing this reproductive cycle phase and make considerations on the climacteric woman health care.

This is the study of the experience of a Japanese woman with cervical uterine cancer carried out in a hospital in the city of Osaka, Japan, using Alfred Schütz's "case study" with the Social Phenomenology approach. The aim was to grasp the meaning of the disease and of hospitalization for this woman, and to try to understand the reasoning around her action. Through the analysis of the data, it was possible to understand that the hospitalization process has to be seen respecting, in addition to individual characteristics, the cultural world, which remits us to human actions and is an important influence on the behavior and attitude regarding the disease and hospitalization.