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3. Liquid metal-polydopamine composite for cell culture and electro-stimulation

Author

Allioux, Francois-Marie, primary, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Liu, Li, additional, Centurion, Franco, additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Zhang, Chengchen, additional, Ireland, Jake, additional, Biazik, Joanna, additional, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Yang, Jiong, additional, Mousavi, Maedehsadat, additional, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Xie, Wanjie, additional, Rahim, Md. Arifur, additional, and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh, additional

Published
2023
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4. Multifunctional liquid metal polymer composites

Author

Merhebi, Salma

Subjects
4004 Chemical engineering
Abstract

Liquid metals are fast becoming a new class of materials and additives for composites synthesis. In particular, gallium (Ga) and Ga-based liquid metal and alloys exhibit fluidity and frictionless behaviours along with metallic conductivity properties. Liquid metals based on Ga also present low-toxicity and can be readily formed into micro and nanodroplets or utilised in the bulk as conductive liquid substrates. The resulting Ga-based composites present novel physio-chemical behaviours and multifunctional properties that remain to be explored for a range of applications. In this PhD thesis, the author investigates three liquid metal/polymer composite systems synthesised with low toxicity input materials for remote magnetic actuation, ionic sensing and separation, and cell electrostimulation capabilities. In the first project, the author aims to develop conductive and magnetic liquid metal polymeric gels. Electrically and magnetic conductive nanodroplets of Ga-based alloys are in-situ synthesised in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution using mild mechanical agitation methods. The resulting conductive and magnetic gels show additional self-healing properties and demonstrate great potential for the design of soft electronic systems and robotics. For the second project, Ga-based composites are investigated for the sensing and separation of alkali metal ions. Nanodroplets of Ga-based alloys embedded into a crosslinked PVA flat-sheet composite provide selectivity and sensing capability and stability in mixed ionic alkali metal solutions. The Ga-based flat-sheet composite has implications for the efficient and low-energy recovery of lithium ions from brines. In the third project, conductive liquid metal polymer composites are prepared for cell culture and electrostimulation. The composite substrates are composed of bulk Ga coated with polydopamine (PDA) to enhance cell adhesion capability. The Ga/PDA composites surfaces show high biocompatibility for cell culture. With added electrical stimulation protocols, the proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells is promoted. The conductive and biocompatible substrates lead to the use of liquid metals in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Collectively, the findings presented in this thesis provide deep insights and scientific findings for future research directions in the field of liquid metal-based composites for multifunctional materials in soft electronics, separation and sensing, and biomaterials.

Published
2023
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6. A liquid metal–polydopamine composite for cell culture and electro-stimulation.

Author

Allioux, Francois-Marie, Merhebi, Salma, Liu, Li, Centurion, Franco, Abbasi, Roozbeh, Zhang, Chengchen, Ireland, Jake, Biazik, Joanna M., Mayyas, Mohannad, Yang, Jiong, Mousavi, Maedehsadat, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., Tang, Jianbo, Xie, Wanjie, Rahim, Md. Arifur, and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh

Abstract

Gallium (Ga) is a low melting point metal in the liquid state in the biological environment which presents a unique combination of fluidity, softness, and metallic electrical and thermal properties. In this work, liquid Ga is proposed as a biocompatible electrode material for cell culture by electro-stimulation since the cytotoxicity of Ga is generally considered low and some Ga compounds have been reported to exhibit anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Complementarily, polydopamine (PDA) was coated on liquid Ga to increase the attachment capability of cells on the liquid Ga electrode and provide enhanced biocompatibility. The liquid Ga layer could be readily painted at room temperature on a solid inert substrate, followed by the formation of a nanoscale PDA coating layer resulting in a conformable and biocompatible composite electrode. The PDA layer was shown to coordinate with Ga3+, which is sourced from liquid Ga, providing electrical conductivity in the cell culture medium. The PDA–Ga3+ composite acted as a conductive substrate for advanced electro-stimulation for cell culture methods of representative animal fibroblasts. The cell proliferation was observed to increase by ∼143% as compared to a standard glass coverslip at a low potential of 0.1 V of direct coupling stimulation. This novel PDA–Ga3+ composite has potential applications in cell culture and regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. Cell‐Mediated Biointerfacial Phenolic Assembly for Probiotic Nano Encapsulation

Author

Centurion, Franco, primary, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Baharfar, Mahroo, additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Zhang, Chengchen, additional, Mousavi, Maedehsadat, additional, Xie, Wanjie, additional, Yang, Jiong, additional, Cao, Zhenbang, additional, Allioux, Francois‐Marie, additional, Harm, Gregory F. S., additional, Biazik, Joanna, additional, Kalantar‐Zadeh, Kourosh, additional, and Rahim, Md. Arifur, additional

Published
2022
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8. Soft Liquid Metal Infused Conductive Sponges

Author

Cai, Shengxiang, primary, Allioux, Francois‐Marie, additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Han, Jialuo, additional, Zhang, Jin, additional, He, Yilin, additional, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Christoe, Michael J., additional, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Wong, Edgar H. H., additional, Boyer, Cyrille, additional, Neff, Raymond, additional, and Kalantar‐Zadeh, Kourosh, additional

Published
2022
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9. Polydopamine Shell as a Ga3+ Reservoir for Triggering Gallium–Indium Phase Separation in Eutectic Gallium–Indium Nanoalloys

Author

Xie, Wanjie, primary, Allioux, Francois-Marie, additional, Namivandi-Zangeneh, Rashin, additional, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., additional, Han, Jialuo, additional, Rahim, Md. Arifur, additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Yang, Jiong, additional, Mousavi, Maedehsadat, additional, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Cao, Zhenbang, additional, Centurion, Franco, additional, Christoe, Michael J., additional, Zhang, Chengchen, additional, Wang, Yifang, additional, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Baharfar, Mahroo, additional, Ng, Gervase, additional, Esrafilzadeh, Dorna, additional, Boyer, Cyrille, additional, and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh, additional

Published
2021
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10. Nanotip Formation from Liquid Metals for Soft Electronic Junctions

Author

Allioux, Francois-Marie, primary, Han, Jialuo, additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Cai, Shengxiang, additional, Tang, Junma, additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Centurion, Franco, additional, Mousavi, Maedehsadat, additional, Zhang, Chengchen, additional, Xie, Wanjie, additional, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Rahim, Md. Arifur, additional, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., additional, and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh, additional

Published
2021
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11. Liquid Metal-Triggered Assembly of Phenolic Nanocoatings with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties

Author

Centurion, Franco, primary, Namivandi-Zangeneh, Rashin, additional, Flores, Nieves, additional, Tajik, Mohammad, additional, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Allioux, Francois-Marie, additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Donald, William A., additional, Boyer, Cyrille, additional, Dickey, Michael D., additional, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh, additional, and Rahim, Md. Arifur, additional

Published
2021
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12. Post-transition metal/polymer composites for the separation and sensing of alkali metal ions

Author

Merhebi, Salma, primary, Mohammad, Munirah, additional, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Zhang, Chengchen, additional, Cai, Shengxiang, additional, Centurion, Franco, additional, Xie, Wanjie, additional, Cao, Zhenbang, additional, Tang, Junma, additional, Rahim, Md Arifur, additional, Zhang, Jin, additional, Razmjou, Amir, additional, Leslie, Greg, additional, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh, additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, and Allioux, Francois-Marie, additional

Published
2021
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13. Bi–Sn Catalytic Foam Governed by Nanometallurgy of Liquid Metals

Author

Allioux, Francois-Marie, primary, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Merenda, Andrea, additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Daeneke, Torben, additional, O’Mullane, Anthony P., additional, Daiyan, Rahman, additional, Amal, Rose, additional, and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh, additional

Published
2020
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14. Magnetic and Conductive Liquid Metal Gels

Author

Merhebi, Salma, primary, Mayyas, Mohannad, additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Christoe, Michael J., additional, Han, Jialuo, additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Rahim, Md Arifur, additional, Yang, Jiong, additional, Tan, Thiam Teck, additional, Chu, Dewei, additional, Zhang, Jin, additional, Li, Sean, additional, Wang, Chun H., additional, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh, additional, and Allioux, Francois-Marie, additional

Published
2020
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15. Catalytic Metal Foam by Chemical Melting and Sintering of Liquid Metal Nanoparticles

Author

Allioux, Francois‐Marie, primary, Merhebi, Salma, additional, Tang, Jianbo, additional, Idrus‐Saidi, Shuhada A., additional, Abbasi, Roozbeh, additional, Saborio, Maricruz G., additional, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., additional, Han, Jialuo, additional, Namivandi‐Zangeneh, Rashin, additional, O'Mullane, Anthony P., additional, Koshy, Pramod, additional, Daiyan, Rahman, additional, Amal, Rose, additional, Boyer, Cyrille, additional, and Kalantar‐Zadeh, Kourosh, additional

Published
2019
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16. Polydopamine Shell as a Ga3+ Reservoir for Triggering Gallium-Indium Phase Separation in Eutectic Gallium-Indium Nanoalloys.

Author

Xie, Wanjie, Allioux, Francois-Marie, Namivandi-Zangeneh, Rashin, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., Han, Jialuo, Rahim, Md. Arifur, Tang, Jianbo, Yang, Jiong, Mousavi, Maedehsadat, Mayyas, Mohannad, Cao, Zhenbang, Centurion, Franco, Christoe, Michael J., Zhang, Chengchen, Wang, Yifang, Merhebi, Salma, Baharfar, Mahroo, Ng, Gervase, Esrafilzadeh, Dorna, and Boyer, Cyrille

Published
2021
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17. Multifunctional liquid metal polymer composites

Author

Merhebi, Salma ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-3118

Subjects
anzsrc-for: 4004 Chemical engineering
Abstract

Liquid metals are fast becoming a new class of materials and additives for composites synthesis. In particular, gallium (Ga) and Ga-based liquid metal and alloys exhibit fluidity and frictionless behaviours along with metallic conductivity properties. Liquid metals based on Ga also present low-toxicity and can be readily formed into micro and nanodroplets or utilised in the bulk as conductive liquid substrates. The resulting Ga-based composites present novel physio-chemical behaviours and multifunctional properties that remain to be explored for a range of applications. In this PhD thesis, the author investigates three liquid metal/polymer composite systems synthesised with low toxicity input materials for remote magnetic actuation, ionic sensing and separation, and cell electrostimulation capabilities. In the first project, the author aims to develop conductive and magnetic liquid metal polymeric gels. Electrically and magnetic conductive nanodroplets of Ga-based alloys are in-situ synthesised in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution using mild mechanical agitation methods. The resulting conductive and magnetic gels show additional self-healing properties and demonstrate great potential for the design of soft electronic systems and robotics. For the second project, Ga-based composites are investigated for the sensing and separation of alkali metal ions. Nanodroplets of Ga-based alloys embedded into a crosslinked PVA flat-sheet composite provide selectivity and sensing capability and stability in mixed ionic alkali metal solutions. The Ga-based flat-sheet composite has implications for the efficient and low-energy recovery of lithium ions from brines. In the third project, conductive liquid metal polymer composites are prepared for cell culture and electrostimulation. The composite substrates are composed of bulk Ga coated with polydopamine (PDA) to enhance cell adhesion capability. The Ga/PDA composites surfaces show high biocompatibility for cell culture. With added electrical stimulation protocols, the proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells is promoted. The conductive and biocompatible substrates lead to the use of liquid metals in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Collectively, the findings presented in this thesis provide deep insights and scientific findings for future research directions in the field of liquid metal-based composites for multifunctional materials in soft electronics, separation and sensing, and biomaterials.

Published
2023

18. Catalytic Metal Foam by Chemical Melting and Sintering of Liquid Metal Nanoparticles.

Author

Allioux, Francois‐Marie, Merhebi, Salma, Tang, Jianbo, Idrus‐Saidi, Shuhada A., Abbasi, Roozbeh, Saborio, Maricruz G., Ghasemian, Mohammad B., Han, Jialuo, Namivandi‐Zangeneh, Rashin, O'Mullane, Anthony P., Koshy, Pramod, Daiyan, Rahman, Amal, Rose, Boyer, Cyrille, and Kalantar‐Zadeh, Kourosh

Subjects
*METAL foams, *LIQUID metals, *METAL nanoparticles, *BLOWING agents, *TRANSITION metal alloys, *FOAM
Abstract

Metal foams are highly sought‐after porous structures for heterogeneous catalysis, which are fabricated by templating, injecting gas, or admixing blowing agents into a metallic melt at high temperatures. They also require additional catalytic material coating. Here, a low‐melting‐point liquid metal is devised for the single‐step formation of catalytic foams in mild aqueous environments. A hybrid catalytic foam fabrication process is presented via simultaneous chemical foaming, melting, and sintering reaction of liquid metal nanoparticles. As a model, nanoparticles of tertiary low‐melting‐point eutectic alloy of indium, bismuth, and tin (Field's metal) are processed with sodium hydrogen carbonate, an environmentally benign blowing agent. The competing endothermic foaming and exothermic sintering reactions are triggered by an aqueous acidic bath. The overall foaming process occurs at a localized temperature above 200 °C, producing submicron‐ to micron‐sized open‐cell pore foams with conductive cores and semiconducting surface decorations. The catalytic properties of the metal foams are explored for a range of applications including photo‐electrocatalysis, bacteria electrofiltration, and CO2 electroconversion. In particular, the Field's metal‐based foams show exceptional CO2 electrochemical conversion performance at low applied voltages. The facile process presented here can be extended to other low‐temperature post transition and transition metal alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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19. Polydopamine Shell as a Ga3+Reservoir for Triggering Gallium–Indium Phase Separation in Eutectic Gallium–Indium Nanoalloys

Author

Xie, Wanjie, Allioux, Francois-Marie, Namivandi-Zangeneh, Rashin, Ghasemian, Mohammad B., Han, Jialuo, Rahim, Md. Arifur, Tang, Jianbo, Yang, Jiong, Mousavi, Maedehsadat, Mayyas, Mohannad, Cao, Zhenbang, Centurion, Franco, Christoe, Michael J., Zhang, Chengchen, Wang, Yifang, Merhebi, Salma, Baharfar, Mahroo, Ng, Gervase, Esrafilzadeh, Dorna, Boyer, Cyrille, and Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh

Abstract

Low melting point eutectic systems, such as the eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloy, offer great potential in the domain of nanometallurgy; however, many of their interfacial behaviors remain to be explored. Here, a compositional change of EGaIn nanoalloys triggered by polydopamine (PDA) coating is demonstrated. Incorporating PDA on the surface of EGaIn nanoalloys renders core–shell nanostructures that accompany Ga–In phase separation within the nanoalloys. The PDA shell keeps depleting the Ga3+from the EGaIn nanoalloys when the synthesis proceeds, leading to a Ga3+-coordinated PDA coating and a smaller nanoalloy. During this process, the eutectic nanoalloys turn into non-eutectic systems that ultimately result in the solidification of In when Ga is fully depleted. The reaction of Ga3+-coordinated PDA-coated nanoalloys with nitrogen dioxide gas is presented as an example for demonstrating the functionality of such hybrid composites. The concept of phase-separating systems, with polymeric reservoirs, may lead to tailored materials and can be explored on a variety of post-transition metals.

Published
2021
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20. Polydopamine Shell as a Ga 3+ Reservoir for Triggering Gallium-Indium Phase Separation in Eutectic Gallium-Indium Nanoalloys.

Author

Xie W, Allioux FM, Namivandi-Zangeneh R, Ghasemian MB, Han J, Rahim MA, Tang J, Yang J, Mousavi M, Mayyas M, Cao Z, Centurion F, Christoe MJ, Zhang C, Wang Y, Merhebi S, Baharfar M, Ng G, Esrafilzadeh D, Boyer C, and Kalantar-Zadeh K

Abstract

Low melting point eutectic systems, such as the eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) alloy, offer great potential in the domain of nanometallurgy; however, many of their interfacial behaviors remain to be explored. Here, a compositional change of EGaIn nanoalloys triggered by polydopamine (PDA) coating is demonstrated. Incorporating PDA on the surface of EGaIn nanoalloys renders core-shell nanostructures that accompany Ga-In phase separation within the nanoalloys. The PDA shell keeps depleting the Ga 3+ from the EGaIn nanoalloys when the synthesis proceeds, leading to a Ga 3+ -coordinated PDA coating and a smaller nanoalloy. During this process, the eutectic nanoalloys turn into non-eutectic systems that ultimately result in the solidification of In when Ga is fully depleted. The reaction of Ga 3+ -coordinated PDA-coated nanoalloys with nitrogen dioxide gas is presented as an example for demonstrating the functionality of such hybrid composites. The concept of phase-separating systems, with polymeric reservoirs, may lead to tailored materials and can be explored on a variety of post-transition metals.

Published
2021
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