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Introduction: S1-L5 transdiscal screw fixation is a direct stabilization technique used for surgical treatment of high-grade (III-IV) L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. It has not been used for nonspondylolisthetic cases or in combination with an interbody cage (IC). This study aimed to develop a novel, direct S1-L5 sacrolumbar interbody fusion (SLIF) technique, a combination of IC and sacrolumbar transdiscal screw. Methods: SLIF was tested in cadaveric, clinical, and finite element analysis settings. Three cadaveric lumbar spines were used to test the SLIF procedure before clinical application. Eight patients underwent the SLIF procedure. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by visual analog score for leg and back pain, short form 36, Oswestry disability index, and neurological examination. CT scans of the lumbar spine were used to assess the hardware placement and subsequent fusion. Finite element analysis was performed on a healthy human CT-based L5-S1 model. Intact segment, unilateral facetectomy and discectomy, SLIF, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedures were compared in terms of the range of motion (ROM), von Mises stress on hardware, and shear-induced directional deformity. Additionally, the same set of tests were conducted in an osteoporotic model. Results: Excellent hardware placement was feasible in three cadavers and eight patients. Preoperative neurological deficits improved in all patients. Statistically significant improvements were obtained on all self-reported questionnaire scores. All patients developed solid, Bridwell grade I fusions. Biomechanical testing revealed similar outcomes for TLIF and SLIF regarding the ROM. However, the screw's von Mises stress and shear-induced directional deformity were low for SLIF of healthy and osteoporotic bone. Conclusions: SLIF is a feasible, safe, and effective L5-S1 fusion option suitable for all clinical scenarios. It provides several biomechanical advantages, yielding excellent clinical outcomes.

Today's children are born and raised in media-saturated environments, surrounded by televisions, computers, tablets, smartphones, and other portable electronic devices. Because these devices have become an indispensable part of everyday life, they have a significant influence on children's entertainment and leisure, as well as their education. This study, therefore, examined the media environment in young children's homes (from 0 to 6 years of age), how early and how much they use television, computers, and tablet/smartphones, and the media environment in their homes and the parents' rules and regulations for their children's electronic media use. The sample for this study consisted of 412 parents of 0- to 6-year-old children who brought their children to the Social Paediatrics Department of the Faculty of Medicine in Ankara, Turkey, for developmental check-ups. The data for this study were collected through a questionnaire that was prepared by the researcher. The findings indicate that almost all children live in homes with different types of electronic media devices and they start to use them at an early age with longer time than recommended and parents try to use some rules in order to regulate their children's usage.

Industrial microwave-heating systems are pivotal in various sectors, including food processing and materials manufacturing, where precise temperature control and safety are critical. Conventional systems often struggle with uneven heat distribution and high fire risks due to the intrinsic properties of microwave heating. In this work, a fiber-optic-sensor-assisted monitoring system is presented to tackle the pressing challenges associated with uneven heating and fire hazards in industrial microwave systems. The core innovation lies in the development of a sophisticated fiber-optic 2D temperature distribution sensor and a dedicated fire detector, both designed to significantly mitigate risks and optimize the heating process. Experimental results set the stage for future innovations that could transform the landscape of industrial heating technologies toward better process quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Play as a teaching approach is a contemporary research area in early years that needs to be clearly defined. Early childhood teachers support the use of play, however the implementation of play as a teaching tool lacks clarity. This phenomenological study aimed to investigate early childhood teachers' perceptions and experiences of play-based teaching. The data for the study were gathered from six teachers through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. Teachers' perceptions on the role of play in early years, play in teachers' implementations, and place of play in teachers' daily routines are presented in a detailed manner within the study. The findings revealed that there are differences among teachers' play-based teaching strategies and most of the teachers observed as implementing play-based teaching practices. The participants believed in the importance of play-based teaching; however shortcomings were observed in some of the teachers' practices.

Multi-layered walls are commonly used building elements that have the potential to reduce cooling loads by improving thermal insulation. This paper investigates the potential of reducing cooling load using different types of multi-layered. For this purpose, a model of a small room (1.15 × 1 × 1 m) was constructed. A software code based on the radiant time series method was developed using MATLAB to extract heat gain results. The results were verified with other researchers, and there was a 0.89% error. Overall, the results show that using solid or hollow bricks in construction can be an effective way to reduce heat gain, where Wall-C achieved the minimum heat gain of 60.8 W m−2 compared to 66.207 and 71.225 W m−2 for Wall-A and Wall-B respectively. The reasons for this could be due to the insulation hollow area provided by the bricks, which tends to reduce heat transfer through the wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion is the degradation of metals caused by chemical or electrochemical reactions with their environment. As a result of these reactions, undesirable conditions occur in the physical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties of metals. These conditions cause parts made of metallic materials to become unusable. Erosion corrosion is one of the most common types of corrosion in fluid transfer. There are several methods for preventing erosion corrosion. First of all, some precautions should be taken to prevent wear. Intervention is very important in terms of cost, especially at the design stage. Measures such as wide angle bends, wall thickness of wear-resistant material and corrosion allowance can be taken, especially in applications where the flow direction needs to be changed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of liquid fluid on erosion corrosion in Ti6Al4V, 304 stainless steel and MgAz91 elbow pipes by using the computer aided and finite element based AnsysWorkbench Explicit Dynamics module. For the design of the elbow pipe, SolidWorks was used for 3D studies. In the analysis of the pipe, the suitability of the pipe for the 3D model was examined. The effect of fluid rotation on the pipe walls and the effect of the pipe material on the flow along the pipe were determined. The standard k-e model based on the velocity-pressure relationship in continuous and steady flow was used for the flow calculations. The flow simulation showed that for all models the flow accumulation after rotation was more concentrated on the opposite walls of the pipe, as expected. The results obtained showed that the deformation in MgAZ91 material had the highest value at 9.14 × 10-8 mm. This situation has been interpreted to mean that it may vary depending on the flow rate automation. Designs on the old designs in the erosion structure of the liquid that occurs in the pipes with a new product design in the analysis design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The response of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to standard induction therapy is quite poor due to higher frequency of adverse genomic features, increased resistance to treatments, comorbidities and performance status. BCL-2 overexpression is implicated in survival of AML cells and treatment resistance. Preclinical data demonstrated the anti-leukemic effect of venetoclax, a selective BCL-2 overexpression is implicated in survival of AML cells and treatment resistance. Methodology: Venetoclax has received FDA approval for the treatment of AML patients >75 years of age and in combination with hypomethylating agents/low-dose cytarabine in patients not eligible for intensive therapy. Six newly diagnosed AML patients who were followed up in Gülhane Education and Training Hospital, Hematology clinic and treated with azacitidine+venetoclax were evaluated retrospectively. Results: F/M:1/5,the mean age was 77.3 (63-87).Two patients were secondary AML.All patients had normal karyotype.Venetoclax+azacytidine treatment was started in all patients as first-line treatment after obtaining off-label consent.The average number of courses of venetoclax + azacitidine administered 3.5 (1-8).Patients received 200 mg/day venetoclax because of fluconazole usage concomittantly.One patient died with a FEN attack at the end of the second cycle, and 5 patients are still being followed up. Conclusion: Azacitidine or decitabine monotherapy yields low response rates (10%-50%, including hematologic improvement), require 3.5 to 4.3 months to achieve best response, and are not curative, with a median OS of less than 1 year.Targeted therapies capable of rapidly inducing a high rate of clinical response, with better tolerability and durable responses for elderly patients with AML. The novel combination of venetoclax with decitabine or azacitidine was effective and well tolerated in elderly patients.

Rapid development of technology, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence, has fuelled the concept of Industry 4.0 among all types of businesses across the globe. This has driven sustainable growth for those businesses as well as promoted economic prosperity in the countries where they operate in. In view of this information, it is of absolute importance that the entire business landscape in Turkey avails itself to greater awareness and education about the benefits of embracing a comprehensive Industry 4.0 philosophy. It is also important to shed the light on the problems these businesses may face in transition from the old industrial philosophies to the new philosophy of Industry 4.0. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the level of Industry 4.0 awareness among businesses in Turkey. The research also seeks to determine how targeted Industry 4.0 educational programs and policies vary in relation to the demographic characteristics among some business operators in Turkey. A multiple case study design governed this entire research. Thus, views and in-depth data from 32 companies based in Turkey were collected by questionnaire and subsequently analysed in a detailed format. At the end of the study, the findings revealed that Industry 4.0 awareness differed depending on the employees’ levels of education. The researchers also discovered that the status or extent of relationships these companies had with foreign partners abroad has a significant impact on the awareness levels of Industry 4.0.

Widespread usage of the internet and computers have facilitated a number of human resource management activities such as compensation management, performance management, vocational training and other personnel management affairs across various enterprises. It is known that the employment of a qualified labour force becomes increasingly difficult due to increasing competition conditions. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the right person is recruited for the enterprise and that he/she is attached to his/her employer. Thanks to information technologies, the recruitment process can be implemented more quickly and effectively. The present study aims at determining whether the employer-employee has a sense of trust; whether employee’s performance, disciplinary action, reporting status and significant inconvenience status are taken into account by an enterprise in the iron and steel industry. Logistic regression method is used as an analysis method. The effects of the demographic variables on the dependent variables are also determined. Considering the results obtained, it is observed that the loyalty of the employees to the employer is not very strong, but at the level of improvement, the employees do not consider working at the company for many years.

“Geleneksel İslam İnancında Mitolojik Unsurların Kritiği: Cinlerle İlgili İnanışlar Bağlamında Bir İnceleme” adlı çalışmada cin inancının Sümerlerden Yahudiliğe kadar olan tarihsel gelişimi incelenmiş, akabinde Müslümanların cin inancının büyük ölçüde yarı animist/ruhçu câhiliye Araplarından tevarüs ettiği gösterilmiştir. Câhiliye Arapları varlık dünyasının dik yarısını cinlere tahsis etmişlerdir. İnandıkları mesh teorisi söz konusu bu cin ve şeytanların istedikleri surete/biçime girmesine olanak tanır. Yılan bunların başında gelir. Cân; hem yılan hem de şeytan/İblis demektir. Yılanları bu yüzden öldürmekten korkarlar. Cin ve şeytan olarak nitelemedikleri pek az varlık/hayvan vardır. Bu teori İsrailoğullarının domuz ve maymuna dönüştürülmesini de izah eder. Tabiat olaylarını cinlerle izah ederler. Kum fırtınaları cin kabilelerinin birbirleriyle savaşırken çıkardığı tozdan kaynaklanır. Aşağı yukarı tüm biyolojik ve psikolojik rahatsızlıkların etiyolojisinde mutlaka bu mitolojik varlıklar bulunur. Nazar, veba hep onların eseridir. Şairler şiirlerini, kâhinler kehanetini onlar vasıtasıyla icra eder. İslâm yeni bir ontoloji ve epistemoloji getirmediğinden, davetini muhataplarının epistemesi/mütearifesi üzerinden yaptığından; câhiliye cin inancı İslâm sonrası da büyük ölçüde devam etmiştir. Son bölümde cin ve şeytanların zikredildiği âyetler yeni bir okumaya tabi tutulmuştur. Yiyen, içen, evlenen, kabileler halinde yaşayan, şair ve kâhinlere gökten haber getiren, istedikleri anda istedikleri surete girebilen, birçok hastalıklara neden olduğuna, büyü ve kehânet sektöründe faaliyet gösterdiğine inanılan bu hibrit varlıkların mahiyeti, nesnel gerçekliği sorgulanmıştır. Söz konusu bu mitik varlıkların Kur’ân’da zikredilmesinin nedeni cinlere tapan müşriklerin sakîm inançlarını tasvir etmekten ibaret olup, bilinenin aksine cinlerin ispatı olmayıp, nefyidir. İlgili âyetler tarihsel (sebeb-i nüzul) ve metinsel (siyak ve sibak) bağlamından yararlanılarak incelendiğinde “cin” kelimesinin “melek, şeytan ve insanlar” için de kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Şeytan kelimesi de bir sıfat olması hasebiyle çoğunlukla “insan şeytanları” (Mekke şeytanları, Medineli münafıklar ve Yahudi liderler); bazen “haset, megalomani, unutma” vb. kişilik zaaflarını betimlemede; nadiren de soyut şeytan (İblis) için kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Süleyman’ın cin ve şeytanlarını “yabancı işçiler ve ustalar” olarak te’vil etme imkânı bulunamamıştır. Bu konuda en makul çözümün Kur’ân’ı “edebî bir metin” olarak gören yaklaşımlarda olduğu söylenilebilir. Cin inancı, tabiat yasalarının henüz bilinmediği mitolojik bir evren tasavvurunun doğal uzantısıdır. İlk Müslümanların evren tasavvurunun da büyük ölçüde mitolojik olduğunu, bu nedenle vahyin ilk muhataplarının mütearifesini esas alarak onlarla diyalog kurduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Evren tasavvurumuzun cin inancı etrafında oluşan mitolojik unsurlardan arındırılması, değişen vesâilin (bilimsel verilerin) mesâil-i kelâm’a intibak ettirilmesi suretiyle din dilinin güncellenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.