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Introduction: Numerous studies have shown that prescription of folic acid during preconception period and early pregnancy decreases the incidence of neural tube defects. Nevertheless in France prescription of folic acid to women willing to conceive seems insufficient, according to the national perinatal survey from 2016 only 23% of women received a prescription before conception. Goal: The aim of this study is to understand the involvement of professionals (general practitioner, gynecologist and midwife) with regards to the prescription of folic acid to women before conception and to point out brakes and levers favouring this prescription. Material and Method: Our study is an epidemiological, cross-selectional, quantitative study conducted in 2019-2020 in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes through computerised questionnaires filled by 377 professionals. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model were used to point out factors contributing in the follow-up of the recommandation. Results: Among the 377 participants, most of them (81,4%) think they follow recommendations. However half of them (50,3%) think recommandations are unsuitable or hard to apply. Professionals who practice gynaecology and those who think recommendations are suitable are more likely to think they follow recommendations (p-value

International audience; CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering strategies allow the directed modification of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome to introduce point mutations, generate knock-out mutants, and insert coding sequences for epitope or fluorescent tags. Three practical aspects, however, complicate such experiments. First, the efficiency and specificity of single-guide RNAs (sgRNA) cannot be reliably predicted. Second, the detection of animals carrying genome edits can be challenging in the absence of clearly visible or selectable phenotypes. Third, the sgRNA target site must be inactivated after editing to avoid further double-strand break events. We describe here a strategy that addresses these complications by transplanting the protospacer of a highly efficient sgRNA into a gene of interest to render it amenable to genome engineering. This sgRNA targeting the dpy-10 gene generates genome edits at comparatively high frequency. We demonstrate that the transplanted protospacer is cleaved at the same time as the dpy-10 gene. Our strategy generates scarless genome edits because it no longer requires the introduction of mutations in endogenous sgRNA target sites. Modified progeny can be easily identified in the F1 generation, which drastically reduces the number of animals to be tested by PCR or phenotypic analysis. Using this strategy, we reliably generated precise deletion mutants, transcriptional reporters, and translational fusions with epitope tags and fluorescent reporter genes. In particular, we report here the first use of the new red fluorescent protein mScarlet in a multicellular organism. wrmScarlet, a C. elegans-optimized version, dramatically surpassed TagRFP-T by showing an eightfold increase in fluorescence in a direct comparison.

Introduction: La surcharge des services d'urgence (SU) engendre un retard diagnostic, thérapeutique et des séjours prolongés. La mise en place d'un tandem médico-infirmier ayant pour rôle d'identifier les patients à risque de séjour prolongé et d'accélérer l'orientation pourrait remédier à ceci. Objectif/Méthode: Evaluer l'impact d'un tel tandem sur les délais d'installation et la durée de séjour selon un dessin "avant-après". Résultats: La mise en place du tandem médico-infirmier a permis une réduction des durées de séjour dans les boxes du SU de 29 minutes. Les durées de séjour totale et en salle d'attente ont également été réduites de 32 et 24 minutes respectivement. La proportion de patient pris en charge dans les délais imposés par notre système de tri a augmenté de 17%. Conclusion: Une équipe de supervision opérationnelle du SU a permis d'améliorer significativement le flux en réduisant les durées de séjour.

Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) are essential components of heterochromatin which contribute to the transcriptional repression of genes. It has been shown that the methylation mark of vertebrate histone H1 is specifically recognized by the chromodomain of HP1. However, the exact biological role of linker histone binding to HP1 has not been determined. Here, we investigate the function of the Caenorhabditis elegans H1 variant HIS-24 and the HP1-like proteins HPL-1 and HPL-2 in the cooperative transcriptional regulation of immune-relevant genes. We provide the first evidence that HPL-1 interacts with HIS-24 monomethylated at lysine 14 (HIS-24K14me1) and associates in vivo with promoters of genes involved in antimicrobial response. We also report an increase in overall cellular levels and alterations in the distribution of HIS-24K14me1 after infection with pathogenic bacteria. HIS-24K14me1 localization changes from being mostly nuclear to both nuclear and cytoplasmic in the intestinal cells of infected animals. Our results highlight an antimicrobial role of HIS-24K14me1 and suggest a functional link between epigenetic regulation by an HP1/H1 complex and the innate immune system in C. elegans.