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5. Neonatal brain magnetic resonance imaging: clinical indications, acquisition and reporting.

Author

Austin, Topun, Connolly, Daniel, Dinwiddy, Kate, Hart, Anthony Richard, Heep, Axel, Harigopal, Sundeep, Joy, Harriet, Luyt, Karen, Malamateniou, Christina, Merchant, Nazakat, Rizava, Chrysoula, Rutherford, Mary A., Spike, Kelly, Vollmer, Brigitte, and Boardman, James P.

Subjects
CEREBRAL anoxia-ischemia, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, VERY low birth weight, PREMATURE infants, LOW birth weight, HYPOPLASTIC left heart syndrome, PICTURE archiving & communication systems
Published
2024
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6. Pharmacokinetics of melatonin as a neuroprotectant in preterm infants

Author

Merchant, Nazakat, Counsell, Serena, Azzopardi, Denis, and Edwards, David

Subjects
610
Abstract

Background and purpose: Advances in perinatal care have increased survival rates of infants but long-term neurodisability and social consequences have remained unchanged over the last decade. Preterm infants are deprived of the normal intrauterine exposure to maternal melatonin and experimental studies suggest that melatonin has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral white matter injury. However, pharmacokinetic data on melatonin in preterm infants are lacking, which hinders potential therapeutic trials. The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of melatonin in the relevant preterm population, assess the tolerability of melatonin and determine a dose regime that would allow replication of adult melatonin levels. Methods: In a multi-centre, single dose escalation/de-escalation, open label study in preterm infants less than 31 weeks gestation, melatonin was administered to eighteen infants in doses ranging from 0.04-0.6 micrograms/kilograms, over 0.5-6 hours. Pharmacokinetic profiles were analysed individually and by population methods. Results: Baseline melatonin was largely undetectable. At the highest and lowest doses half-life could not be calculated due to blood concentrations not reaching a consistent steady state, but infants receiving melatonin at 0.1 micrograms/kilogram/hour for 2 hours showed a median half-life of 15.82 hours and median maximum plasma concentration of 203.3 picograms/millilitre. Population pharmacokinetic analysis showed that clearance was 0.045 litre/hour, volume of distribution 1.098 litres and elimination half-life 16.91 hours with gender (p=0.047) and race (p < 0.0001) as significant covariates. Melatonin infusion appeared to be well tolerated in preterm infants. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetic profile of melatonin in preterm infants differs from that of adults. Slow clearance makes replication of adult and thus fetal concentrations of melatonin problematic. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Published
2014

9. Rich-club organization of the newborn human brain

Author

Ball, Gareth, Aljabar, Paul, Zebari, Sally, Tusor, Nora, Arichi, Tomoki, Merchant, Nazakat, Robinson, Emma C., Ogundipe, Enitan, Rueckert, Daniel, Edwards, A. David, and Counsell, Serena J.

Published
2014

14. Emergence of resting state networks in the preterm human brain

Author

Doria, Valentina, Beckmann, Christian F., Arichi, Tomoki, Merchant, Nazakat, Groppo, Michela, Turkheimer, Federico E., Counsell, Serena J., Murgasova, Maria, Aljabar, Paul, Nunes, Rita G., Larkman, David J., Rees, Geraint, Edwards, A. David, and Raichle, Marcus E.

Published
2010

15. Chapter 2 - Neonatology

Author

Lal, Mithilesh, Smit, Elisa, Merchant, Nazakat, Vimalesvaran, Sunitha, Nair, Vrinda, Loganathan, Prakash, Mallya, Prashant, Kumar, Rohit, Sundaram, Janakiraman, and Parthasarathy, Sathya

Published
2022
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22. Anticonvulsant effect of xenon on neonatal asphyxial seizures

Author

Azzopardi, Denis, Robertson, Nicola J, Kapetanakis, Andrew, Griffiths, James, Rennie, Janet M, Mathieson, Sean R, Edwards, A David, Deierl, Aniko, Merchant, Nazakat, Srinivasan, Latha, Viac, Isabelle, Kendall, Giles, Dinan, Mary, Uria, Cristina, Nandiran, Ratnaval, Turner, Mark, Wallace, Virginia, Franks, Nicholas, Maze, Mervyn, Fagiolo, Gianlorenzo, Hajnal, Joseph, Charles-Edwards, Geoff, Cady, Ernest, and Abernethy, Lawrence

Published
2013
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26. Contributors

Author

Abdelgadir, Ibtihal, Adappa, Roshan, Adusumilli, Sudhakar, Agrawal, Shakti, Agwu, Juliana Chizo, Al-Araji, Rulla, Al-Kanani, Usama, Allen, Louise, Aniapravan, Roona, Aucott, Karen, Balasubramanian, Ramnath, Bandi, Srini, Barr, Sybil, Blackie, Barbara, Body, Gillian, Chakravorty, Subarna, Choudhery, Vince, Clarke, Angus, Cliffe, Lucy, Dandapani, Madhumita, de Sousa, Corinne, Devadason, David, Eldos, Yazeed, Elfaki, Elhindi, Foard, Lucy, Ghani, Sohail, Hadley, Graeme, Hain, Richard, Hewitt, Martin, Huda, Syed Haris, Hurley, Matthew, Hussain, Amna, Islam, Muhammad, James, Nadya, Jameson, Elisabeth, Janakiraman, Sundaram, Jarowska-Ganly, Agnieszka, Jay, Nicola, Kamani, Tawakir, Kumar, Rohit, Lal, Mithilesh, Loganathan, Prakash, Loke, Kah Yin, Lunn, Andrew, Mallya, Prashant, Marks, Stephen, Marshall, Eleanor, Martin, Katherine, McErlane, Flora, Merchant, Nazakat, Mustapha, Moriam, Nair, Vrinda, Ng, Khuen Foong, Parida, Amitav, Parthasarathy, Sathya, Powell, Colin, Prayle, Andrew, Radcliffe, Ruth, Ravescroft, Jane, Sakthivel, Muthukumar, Sismanoglou, Nafsika, Smit, Elisa, Smyth, Alan, Sonmez-Ajtai, Sibel, Srinivasan, Jothsana, Stewart, Richard, Taylor, Amy, Tulloh, Robert, Vimalesvaran, Sunitha, Walker, Joanna, Warlow, Timothy, Whyte, Lisa, Wilson, Kate Adel, and Wood, Damian

Published
2022
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31. Pharmacokinetics of melatonin as a neuroprotectant In preterm infants

Author

Merchant, Nazakat, Counsell, Serena, Azzopardi, Denis, and Edwards, David

Abstract

Background and purpose: Advances in perinatal care have increased survival rates of infants but long-term neurodisability and social consequences have remained unchanged over the last decade. Preterm infants are deprived of the normal intrauterine exposure to maternal melatonin and experimental studies suggest that melatonin has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral white matter injury. However, pharmacokinetic data on melatonin in preterm infants are lacking, which hinders potential therapeutic trials. The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of melatonin in the relevant preterm population, assess the tolerability of melatonin and determine a dose regime that would allow replication of adult melatonin levels. Methods: In a multi-centre, single dose escalation/de-escalation, open label study in preterm infants less than 31 weeks gestation, melatonin was administered to eighteen infants in doses ranging from 0.04-0.6 micrograms/kilograms, over 0.5-6 hours. Pharmacokinetic profiles were analysed individually and by population methods. Results: Baseline melatonin was largely undetectable. At the highest and lowest doses half-life could not be calculated due to blood concentrations not reaching a consistent steady state, but infants receiving melatonin at 0.1 micrograms/kilogram/hour for 2 hours showed a median half-life of 15.82 hours and median maximum plasma concentration of 203.3 picograms/millilitre. Population pharmacokinetic analysis showed that clearance was 0.045 litre/hour, volume of distribution 1.098 litres and elimination half-life 16.91 hours with gender (p=0.047) and race (p

Published
2013

37. List of Contributors

Author

Allen, Louise, Anderson, Mark, Armitage, Alice J, Baba, Megumi, Barton, Chris, Bitner-Glindzicz, Maria, Bomken, Simon, Brennan, Mary, Brierley, Joe, Byrne, Steve, Carroll, Daniel, Carroll, Will, Cartledge, Peter, Chiang, Nicole Y Z, Choonara, Imti, Clayton, Timothy H, Cunnington, Aubrey, Davie, Max, Davies, Graham, Dawson, Eleanor, Day, Ellie, Dommett, Rachel, Fewtrell, Mary, Fine-Goulden, Miriam, Foster, Helen, Garg, Shalabh, Goenka, Anu, Grech, Victor, Green, Jessica, Gregory, John W, Griffin, Hayley, Griffiths, Joanne, Hain, Richard D W, Harkensee, Christian, Hodes, Deborah, Hudson, Lee, Inwald, David P, James, Nadya, Jameson, Elisabeth, Jandial, Sharmila, Jenkins, Huw, Jones, Christine E, Kelly, Deirdre, Lachman, Peter I, Lal, Mithilesh Kumar, Langer, Daniel, Lapwood, Susie, Doare, Kirsty Le, Lenney, Warren, Li, Simon, Liang, YiFan, Linkson, Lynette M, Lodh, Rajib, Magnus, Dan, Marks, Stephen D, Marsh, Michael, Martin, Katherine, McCullagh, Gary, McDonagh, Janet, McErlane, Flora, Mehta, Anil, Merchant, Nazakat, Miall, Lawrence, Miller, Mike, Modi, Neena, Morgenstern, Daniel, Narayan, Omendra, O'Connor, David, Petransky, Ian, Phillips, Bob, Rajput, Kaukab, Ram, Dipak, Ray, Samiran, Rayfield, Sarah, Roberts, Irene A G, Robinson, Kerry, Runnacles, Jane, Ruth, Nicola, Sadarangani, Manish, Sammons, Helen, Sargant, Nwanneka N, Scott, Richard H, Sharland, Mike, Sinha, Rajiv, Sinha, Sunil K, Sinitsky, Lynn, Slaney, Charlotte, Starkey, Elizabeth, Stedmon, Jacqui, Tadros, Shereen, Tobin, Hannah, Tulloh, Robert M R, Turner, Paul J, Dr, Josef Vormoor, Warner, John O, Webster, Premila, Whyte, Lisa, Williams, Bhanu, Williams, Toni, and Yates, Helen

Published
2017
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40. Prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome after hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia by diffusion tensor imaging analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics

Author

Tusor, Nora, primary, Wusthoff, Courtney, additional, Smee, Natalie, additional, Merchant, Nazakat, additional, Arichi, Tomoki, additional, Allsop, Joanna M., additional, Cowan, Frances M., additional, Azzopardi, Denis, additional, Edwards, A. David, additional, and Counsell, Serena J., additional

Published
2012
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42. Tractography of the corticospinal tracts in infants with focal perinatal injury: comparison with normal controls and to motor development

Author

Roze, Elise, primary, Harris, Polly A., additional, Ball, Gareth, additional, Elorza, Leire Zubiaurre, additional, Braga, Rodrigo M., additional, Allsop, Joanna M., additional, Merchant, Nazakat, additional, Porter, Emma, additional, Arichi, Tomoki, additional, Edwards, A. David, additional, Rutherford, Mary A., additional, Cowan, Frances M., additional, and Counsell, Serena J., additional

Published
2011
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43. Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Preterm Infants With Punctate White Matter Lesions

Author

Bassi, Laura, primary, Chew, Andrew, additional, Merchant, Nazakat, additional, Ball, Gareth, additional, Ramenghi, Luca, additional, Boardman, James, additional, Allsop, Joanna M, additional, Doria, Valentina, additional, Arichi, Tomoki, additional, Mosca, Fabio, additional, Edwards, A David, additional, Cowan, Frances M, additional, Rutherford, Mary A, additional, and Counsell, Serena J, additional

Published
2011
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46. Is it micropenis? Does size matter?

Author

Wood, Katherine, Nanduri, Vasanta, and Merchant, Nazakat

Subjects
PENIS abnormalities, PENIS size, INFANT diseases, HYPOGONADISM, HYDROCORTISONE, MALE reproductive organ diseases, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, NEONATOLOGY, PITUITARY gland, DISEASE complications, HYPOPITUITARISM, DIAGNOSIS
Published
2017
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47. Common genetic variants and risk of brain injury after preterm birth.

Author

Boardman JP, Walley A, Ball G, Takousis P, Krishnan ML, Hughes-Carre L, Aljabar P, Serag A, King C, Merchant N, Srinivasan L, Froguel P, Hajnal J, Rueckert D, Counsell S, and Edwards AD

Subjects
Alleles, Armadillo Domain Proteins genetics, Brain pathology, Catechol O-Methyltransferase genetics, Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 genetics, Cohort Studies, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Endophenotypes, Fatty Acid Desaturases genetics, Gene Library, Genetic Carrier Screening, Genotype, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Infant, Newborn, Intelligence genetics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Phosphoproteins genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Schizophrenia genetics, Brain Damage, Chronic diagnosis, Brain Damage, Chronic genetics, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genetic Variation genetics, Infant, Premature, Diseases diagnosis, Infant, Premature, Diseases genetics
Abstract

Background: The role of heritable factors in determining the common neurologic deficits seen after preterm birth is unknown, but the characteristic phenotype of neurocognitive, neuroanatomical, and growth abnormalities allows principled selection of candidate genes to test the hypothesis that common genetic variation modulates the risk for brain injury., Methods: We collected an MRI-linked genomic DNA library from 83 preterm infants and genotyped tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 relevant candidate genes. We used tract-based spatial statistics and deformation-based morphometry to examine the risks conferred by carriage of particular alleles at tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in a restricted number of genes and related these to the preterm cerebral endophenotype., Results: Carriage of the minor allele at rs2518824 in the armadillo repeat gene deleted in velocardiofacial syndrome (ARVCF) gene, which has been linked to neuronal migration and schizophrenia, and rs174576 in the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene, which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for endogenous long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis and has been linked to intelligence, was associated with white matter abnormality measured in vivo using diffusion tensor imaging (P = .0009 and P = .0019, respectively)., Conclusions: These results suggest that genetic variants modulate white matter injury after preterm birth, and known susceptibilities to neurologic status in later life may be exposed by the stress of premature exposure to the extrauterine environment., (Copyright © 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)

Published
2014
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