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Obesity-related comorbidities are, in large part, originated from the dysfunction of adipose tissue. Most of them revert after the normalization of body mass. Adipose tissue is essentially occupied by adipocytes. However, different populations of immunological cells and adipocyte precursor cells (AdPCs) are the main cellular components of tissue. During obesity, body fat depots acquire a low-level chronic inflammation and adipocytes increase in number and volume. Conversely, weight loss improves the inflammatory phenotype of adipose tissue immune cells and reduces the volume of adipocytes. Nevertheless, very little is known about the evolution of the human AdPCs reservoir. We have developed a flow cytometry-based methodology to simultaneously quantify the main cell populations of adipose tissue. Starting from this technical approach, we have studied human adipose tissue samples (visceral and subcutaneous) obtained at two different physiological situations: at morbid obesity and after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. We report a considerable increase of the AdPCs reservoir after losing weight and several changes in the immune cells populations of adipose tissue (mast cells increase, neutrophils decrease and macrophages switch phenotype). No changes were observed for T-lymphocytes, which are discussed in the context of recent findings.

Plasma cell-rich acute rejection (PCAR) is a rare type of allograft rejection in renal transplantation. It is characterized by the presence of mature plasma cells that compromise more than 10% of inflammatory cells infiltrating the renal graft. The pathogenesis of PCAR is unknown, appears late, and has been related mainly to insufficient immunosuppression or infections. The treatment is not clearly defined, and the graft survival is poor. Here, we report a case series of 3 Spanish patients diagnosed with PCAR accompanied by donor-specific antibodies (DSA) after kidney transplantation. Mean to diagnosis was 2-12 years post-transplantation, and they began with abrupt deterioration of renal function. All patients were women and had preceding viral infection. In addition, two of the three patients recognize a doubtful adherence to immunosuppression. About treatment, 2 of the 3 patients, because the biopsy of the renal graft showed signs suggestive of incipient antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) (glomerulitis, capilaritis, transplant glomerulopathy), were started with corticosteroids, anti-thymoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulins. The last patient, who only showed PCAR at biopsy, was treated with corticosteroids and anti-thymoglobulin. After treatment, graft function improved in all of them, but one patient developed an ABMR and another required a dialysis program, all of which indicates the difficulty in management and treatment of PCAR.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of 5-aminoisoquinoline (5-AIQ), a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibitor, over renal dysfunction and fibrosis during recovery phase of cisplatin (CisPt)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups (n=8 each group): control, CisPt, and CisPt + 5-AIQ. Control and CisPt groups received a subcutaneous injection of either saline or 7 mg/kg CisPt, respectively. CisPt + 5-AIQ group received two intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg 5-AIQ 2 h before and 24 h after CisPt treatment. Thirteen days after the treatment, rats were housed in metabolic cages and 24-h urine collection was made. At day 14, CisPt-treated rats showed increased diuresis, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion, glucosuria and sodium fractional excretion (NaFE), and decreased creatinine clearance (CrCl). 5-AIQ significantly increased CrCl and decreased NAG excretion, glucosuria, and NaFE. In plasma, CisPt increased sodium, urea, and creatinine concentrations, while 5-AIQ treatment decreased these variables to the levels of control group. 5-AIQ completely prevented the body weight loss evoked by CisPt treatment. CisPt also induced an increased renal expression of PAR polymer, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen-IV. These variables were decreased in CisPt + 5-AIQ group. Tubular lesions and renal fibrosis were also decreased by 5-AIQ treatment. We conclude that inhibition of PARP1 with 5-AIQ can attenuate long-term nephrotoxic effects associated with the CisPt treatment, preventing renal dysfunction and body weight decrease and ameliorating tubular lesions and collagen deposition.

We test the hypothesis that PARP inhibition can decrease acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and other renal lesions related to prolonged cold ischemia/reperfusion (IR) in kidneys preserved at 4°C in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Material and Methods. We used 30 male Parp1+/+ wild-type and 15 male Parp10/0 knockout C57BL/6 mice. Fifteen of these wild-type mice were pretreated with 3,4-dihydro-5-[4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxyl]-1(2H)-isoquinolinone (DPQ) at a concentration of 15 mg/kg body weight, used as PARP inhibitor. Subgroups of mice were established (A: IR 45 min/6 h; B: IR + 48 h in UW solution; and C: IR + 48 h in UW solution plus DPQ). We processed samples for morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and western-blotting studies. Results. Prolonged cold ischemia time in UW solution increased PARP-1 expression and kidney injury. Preconditioning with PARP inhibitor DPQ plus DPQ supplementation in UW solution decreased PARP-1 nuclear expression in renal tubules and renal damage. Parp10/0 knockout mice were more resistant to IR-induced renal lesion. In conclusion, PARP inhibition attenuates ATN and other IR-related renal lesions in mouse kidneys under prolonged cold storage in UW solution. If confirmed, these data suggest that pharmacological manipulation of PARP activity may have salutary effects in cold-stored organs at transplantation., Funding: This research was supported by CTS no. 138 Research Group and from the Carlos III Health Institute of the Spanish Ministery of Health and Consumer Affairs (Red de Investigación Renal, REDinREN 012/0021/0025). “FEDER una manera de hacer Europa”.

To analyze and compare the expression of MTNR1A receptor in normal and pathological major and minor salivary glands.Twenty samples of major and minor salivary glands and 10 with Warthin's tumor were studied. Expression of the MTNR1A receptor (goat polyclonal antibody raised against a peptide mapping at the N-terminus of MEL-1A R of human origin) was analyzed.The excretory ducts of major salivary glands demonstrated intense intracytoplasmic positivity but scant cytoplasmic membrane positivity for MTNR1A. The studied Warthin's tumors showed intense cytoplasmic positivity for MT1 receptor in all cylindrical epithelial cells lining spaces and a less intense positivity in basal cells. The lymphoid component accompanying the tumor was negative for MT1 receptor.Intense intracytoplasmic positivity for the MTNR1A receptor in the excretory ducts of human major and minor salivary glands and Warthin's tumor was found. The intense expression of MTNR1A receptors observed in this study in the excretory ducts of major and minor salivary glands may be related to salivary regulation.

We present the case of a 74-year-old woman, who came to emergency services due to the sudden appearance of a mass at the right lateral cervical level 2 days earlier. The most relevant personal history data were: diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and chronic kidney disease Stage IV (with normal serum levels of uric acid for the previous 8 years). The patient did not report fever, dysphagia, odynophagia, dyspnoea or dysphonia. However, she did indicate pain with palpation of the lesion. In the physical examination, we did not observe any other alterations at the buccal oropharyngeal, laryngeal or cavity levels. The most significant data from analyses were leukocytosis with left deviation, as well as elevated CRP; the other figures were as expected considering her base condition. Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan revealed a nodular lesion with

We report an unusual case of hemangiopericytoma-like dermatofibroma in the right shoulder of an 82-year-old patient with a well-defined nodular growth located in the dermis. Microscopic study revealed a band of haphazardly arranged cells with a vascular component of gaping, simple, endothelial-lined vascular structures with intervening postcapillary venules and capillary-sized slit-like "staghorn" vascular channels filled with erythrocytes; abundant mast cells were also observed. The neoplasm cells were positive for CD68 and Factor XIIIA and negative for CD34. Few data have been published on the presence of abundant mast cells (tryptase and CD117 positive) in these neoplasm. The differential diagnosis of this entity should consider other spindle cell neoplasm, including hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, myopericytoma, angioleiomyoma, amelanotic melanoma, pecoma, and benign and malignant peripheral nerve tumors. We present an infrequent case of dermatofibroma with a vascular pattern resembling hemangiopericytoma and the presence of abundant mast cells, which may be responsible for this vascular component.

Myositis ossificans circumscripta is a form of heterotopic ossification that is benign in nature associated to a trauma, but may appear clinically and radiologically as a malignant neoplasm. We describe a rare case of calcifying of myositis ossificans not associated to trauma in a 35-year-old woman with a mass in her upper third and external of right thigh. We discuss some of the difficulties of diagnosis and histological evolution of the lesion. Keywords Myositis ossificans; Thigh; Differential diagnosis; Nontraumatic

Background Multiple eccrine hidrocystomas of de upper lip are bening cystic lesions that are associated with a chronic course. It is reported in the literature as a rare pathology. Case report We describe the case of a 60-year-old woman who was referred to the dermatology department for presenting multiple lesions translucent papular asymptomic two years of evolution on the upper lip. Increase in size in summer and physical exercise, improving winter. Conclusion To make the diagnosis of multiple eccrine hidrocystomas is necessary clinical and histopathological findings, taking different lines of treatment.