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1. Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies

Author

Andersson, P. A., Vartanova, I., Västfjäll, D., Tinghög, G., Strimling, P., Wu, J., Hazin, I., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Boski, P., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A. R., Dvoryanchikov, N., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Teixeira, M. L. M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zirganou-Kazolea, L., Eriksson, K., Andersson, P. A., Vartanova, I., Västfjäll, D., Tinghög, G., Strimling, P., Wu, J., Hazin, I., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Boski, P., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A. R., Dvoryanchikov, N., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Teixeira, M. L. M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zirganou-Kazolea, L., and Eriksson, K.

Abstract

When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions., Article; Export Date: 20 March 2024; Cited By: 0; Correspondence Address: P.A. Andersson; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden; email: per.a.andersson@liu.se

Published
2024
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2. Author correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P., Andrighetto, G., Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B., Cardenas, J., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H., Contreras-Ibáñez, C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R., Gill, C., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L., Leslie, L., Li, Y., Li, N., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N., Onyishi, I., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L., Persson, M., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A., Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R., Romanò, S., Romero, P., Sakki, I., Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Teixeira, M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q., and Lange, L.

Published
2021

3. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P., Andrighetto, G., Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B., Cardenas, J., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H., Contreras-Ibáñez, C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R., Gill, C., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L., Leslie, L., Li, Y., Li, N., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N., Onyishi, I., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L., Persson, M., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A., Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R., Romanò, S., Romero, P., Sakki, I., Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Teixeira, M., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q., and Lange, L.

Published
2021

4. Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (1481), 10.1038/s41467-021-21602-9)

Author

Eriksson, K. Strimling, P. Gelfand, M. Wu, J. Abernathy, J. Akotia, C.S. Aldashev, A. Andersson, P.A. Andrighetto, G. Anum, A. Arikan, G. Aycan, Z. Bagherian, F. Barrera, D. Basnight-Brown, D. Batkeyev, B. Belaus, A. Berezina, E. Björnstjerna, M. Blumen, S. Boski, P. Bou Zeineddine, F. Bovina, I. Huyen, B.T.T. Cardenas, J.-C. Čekrlija, Đ. Choi, H.-S. Contreras-Ibáñez, C.C. Costa-Lopes, R. de Barra, M. de Zoysa, P. Dorrough, A. Dvoryanchikov, N. Eller, A. Engelmann, J.B. Euh, H. Fang, X. Fiedler, S. Foster-Gimbel, O.A. Fülöp, M. Gardarsdottir, R.B. Gill, C.M.H.D. Glöckner, A. Graf, S. Grigoryan, A. Gritskov, V. Growiec, K. Halama, P. Hartanto, A. Hopthrow, T. Hřebíčková, M. Iliško, D. Imada, H. Kapoor, H. Kawakami, K. Khachatryan, N. Kharchenko, N. Khoury, N. Kiyonari, T. Kohút, M. Linh, L.T. Leslie, L.M. Li, Y. Li, N.P. Li, Z. Liik, K. Maitner, A.T. Manhique, B. Manley, H. Medhioub, I. Mentser, S. Mohammed, L. Nejat, P. Nipassa, O. Nussinson, R. Onyedire, N.G. Onyishi, I.E. Özden, S. Panagiotopoulou, P. Perez-Floriano, L.R. Persson, M.S. Pheko, M. Pirttilä-Backman, A.-M. Pogosyan, M. Raver, J. Reyna, C. Rodrigues, R.B. Romanò, S. Romero, P.P. Sakki, I. San Martin, A. Sherbaji, S. Shimizu, H. Simpson, B. Szabo, E. Takemura, K. Tieffi, H. Mendes Teixeira, M.L. Thanomkul, N. Tiliouine, H. Travaglino, G.A. Tsirbas, Y. Wan, R. Widodo, S. Zein, R. Zhang, Q.-P. Zirganou-Kazolea, L. Van Lange, P.A.M.

Abstract

The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. Cecilia Reyna was incorrectly associated with ‘Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Facultad de Psicología (UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. de la Reforma esquina, Enfermera Gordillo s/n, Córdoba, Argentina.’ instead of the correct ‘Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, República Argentina.’ This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. © The Author(s) 2021

Published
2021

5. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Zickfeld, JH, Ven, NV, Pich, O, Schubert, TW, Berkessel, JB, Bhushan, B, Mateo, NJ, Barbosa, S, Sharman, L, Kokonyei, G, Schrover, E, Kardum, I, Aruta, JJB, Lazarevic, LB, Escobar, MJ, Stadel, M, Arriaga, P, Dodaj, A, Shankland, R, Majeed, NM, Li, YS, Lekkou, E, Hartanto, A, Ozdogru, AA, Vaughn, LA, Espinoza, MD, Caballero, A, Kolen, A, Karsten, J, Manley, H, Maeura, N, Eskisu, M, Shani, Y, Chittham, P, Ferreira, D, Bavolar, J, Konova, I, Sato, W, Morvinski, C, Carrera, P, Villar, S, Ibanez, A, Hareli, S, Garcia, AM, Kremer, I, Gotz, FM, Schwerdtfeger, A, Estrada-Mejia, C, Nakayama, M, Ng, WQ, Sesar, K, Orjiakor, CT, Dumont, K, Allred, TB, Gracanin, A, Rentfrow, PJ, Schonefeld, V, Vally, Z, Barzykowski, K, Peltola, HR, Tcherkassof, A, Haque, S, Smieja, M, Su-May, TT, IJzerman, H, Vatakis, A, Ong, CW, Choi, E, Schorch, SL, Paez, D, Malik, S, Kacmar, P, Bobowik, M, Jose, P, Vuoskoski, JK, Basabe, N, Dogan, U, Ebert, T, Uchida, Y, Zheng, MX, Mefoh, P, Sebena, R, Stanke, FA, Ballada, CJ, Blaut, A, Wu, Y, Daniels, JK, Kocsel, N, Burak, EGD, Balt, NF, Vanman, E, Stewart, SLK, Verschuere, B, Sikka, P, Boudesseul, J, Martins, D, Nussinson, R, Ito, K, Mentser, S, Colak, TS, Martinez-Zelaya, G, and Vingerhoets, A

Subjects
Emotional tears, Social support, Attachment, Cross-cultural, Emotional crying
Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.

Published
2021

6. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: a systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Department of Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A., Department of Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, and Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A.

Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.

Published
2021

7. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: a systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Department of Psychology

Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood., National Science Centre, Poland; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker Programme; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Hungarian Brain Research Programme; Internal Fund of the Open University of Israel

Published
2021

8. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Aycan, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0003-4784-334X & YÖK ID 5798); Özden, Seniha, Eriksson, K.; Strimling, P.; Gelfand, M.; Wu, J.; Abernathy, J.; Akotia, C. S.; Aldashev, A.; Andersson, P. A.; Andrighetto, G.; Anum, A.; Arıkan, G.; Bagherian, F.; Barrera, D.; Basnight-Brown, D.; Batkeyev, B.; Belaus, A.; Berezina, E.; Björnstjerna, M.; Blumen, S.; Boski, P.; Zeineddine, F. B.; Bovina, I.; Huyen, B. T. T.; Cardenas, J. C.; Čekrlija, Đ.; Choi, H. S.; Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C.; Costa-Lopes, R.; de Barra, M.; de Zoysa, P.; Dorrough, A.; Dvoryanchikov, N.; Eller, A.; Engelmann, J. B.; Euh, H.; Fang, X.; Fiedler, S.; Foster-Gimbel, O. A.; Fülöp, M.; Gardarsdottir, R. B.; Gill, C. M. H. D.; Glöckner, A.; Graf, S.; Grigoryan, A.; Gritskov, V.; Growiec, K.; Halama, P.; Hartanto, A.; Hopthrow, T.; Hřebíčková, M.; Iliško, D.; Imada, H.; Kapoor, H.; Kawakami, K.; Khachatryan, N.; Kharchenko, N.; Khoury, N.; Kiyonari, T.; Kohút, M.; Linh, L. T.; Leslie, L. M.; Li, Y.; Li, N. P.; Li, Z.; Liik, K.; Maitner, A. T.; Manhique, B.; Manley, H.; Medhioub, I.; Mentser, S.; Mohammed, L.; Nejat, P.; Nipassa, O.; Nussinson, R.; Onyedire, N. G.; Onyishi, I. E.; Panagiotopoulou, P.; Perez-Floriano, L. R.; Persson, M. S.; Pheko, M.; Pirttilä-Backman, A. M.; Pogosyan, M.; Raver, J.; Reyna, C.; Rodrigues, R. B.; Romanò, S.; Romero, P. P.; Sakki, I.; San Martin, A.; Sherbaji, S.; Shimizu, H.; Simpson, B.; Szabo, E.; Takemura, K.; Tieffi, H.; Mendes Teixeira, M. L.; Thanomkul, N.; Tiliouine, H.; Travaglino, G. A.; Tsirbas, Y.; Wan, R.; Widodo, S.; Zein, R.; Zhang, Q. P.; Zirganou-Kazolea, L.; Van Lange, P. A. M., College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Aycan, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0003-4784-334X & YÖK ID 5798); Özden, Seniha, Eriksson, K.; Strimling, P.; Gelfand, M.; Wu, J.; Abernathy, J.; Akotia, C. S.; Aldashev, A.; Andersson, P. A.; Andrighetto, G.; Anum, A.; Arıkan, G.; Bagherian, F.; Barrera, D.; Basnight-Brown, D.; Batkeyev, B.; Belaus, A.; Berezina, E.; Björnstjerna, M.; Blumen, S.; Boski, P.; Zeineddine, F. B.; Bovina, I.; Huyen, B. T. T.; Cardenas, J. C.; Čekrlija, Đ.; Choi, H. S.; Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C.; Costa-Lopes, R.; de Barra, M.; de Zoysa, P.; Dorrough, A.; Dvoryanchikov, N.; Eller, A.; Engelmann, J. B.; Euh, H.; Fang, X.; Fiedler, S.; Foster-Gimbel, O. A.; Fülöp, M.; Gardarsdottir, R. B.; Gill, C. M. H. D.; Glöckner, A.; Graf, S.; Grigoryan, A.; Gritskov, V.; Growiec, K.; Halama, P.; Hartanto, A.; Hopthrow, T.; Hřebíčková, M.; Iliško, D.; Imada, H.; Kapoor, H.; Kawakami, K.; Khachatryan, N.; Kharchenko, N.; Khoury, N.; Kiyonari, T.; Kohút, M.; Linh, L. T.; Leslie, L. M.; Li, Y.; Li, N. P.; Li, Z.; Liik, K.; Maitner, A. T.; Manhique, B.; Manley, H.; Medhioub, I.; Mentser, S.; Mohammed, L.; Nejat, P.; Nipassa, O.; Nussinson, R.; Onyedire, N. G.; Onyishi, I. E.; Panagiotopoulou, P.; Perez-Floriano, L. R.; Persson, M. S.; Pheko, M.; Pirttilä-Backman, A. M.; Pogosyan, M.; Raver, J.; Reyna, C.; Rodrigues, R. B.; Romanò, S.; Romero, P. P.; Sakki, I.; San Martin, A.; Sherbaji, S.; Shimizu, H.; Simpson, B.; Szabo, E.; Takemura, K.; Tieffi, H.; Mendes Teixeira, M. L.; Thanomkul, N.; Tiliouine, H.; Travaglino, G. A.; Tsirbas, Y.; Wan, R.; Widodo, S.; Zein, R.; Zhang, Q. P.; Zirganou-Kazolea, L.; Van Lange, P. A. M., College of Social Sciences and Humanities; Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Department of Psychology

Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about people's preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people's perception of the appropriateness of norm violations., Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences; Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; Czech Science Foundation; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology; Stockholm University

Published
2021

9. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Eriksson, Kimmo, Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P. A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Bou Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Cardenas, J. -C, Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L. T., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M. S., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Mendes Teixeira, M. L., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q. -P, Zirganou-Kazolea, L., Van Lange, P. A. M., Eriksson, Kimmo, Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P. A., Andrighetto, Giulia, Anum, A., Arikan, G., Aycan, Z., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Bou Zeineddine, F., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Cardenas, J. -C, Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. -S, Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L. T., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Özden, S., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M. S., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. -M, Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Mendes Teixeira, M. L., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q. -P, Zirganou-Kazolea, L., and Van Lange, P. A. M.

Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Martina Hřebíčková, Giulia Andrighetto, Dzintra Iliško, Minna S. Persson, Richard Wan, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Harry Manley, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Orlando Nipassa, Jered Abernathy, Hiroshi Shimizu, Tim Hopthrow, Kosuke Takemura, Katarzyna Growiec, Rizqy Amelia Zein, Olivia Foster-Gimbel, Habib Tiliouine, Angela Rachael Dorrough, Sheyla Blumen, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Kadi Liik, Per A. Andersson, Brent Simpson, Yang Li, N V Dvoryanchikov, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Yannis Tsirbas, C. M.Hew D. Gill, Anna Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Norman P. Li, Qing peng Zhang, Paweł Boski, Nneoma Gift Onyedire, Peter Halama, Linda Mohammed, Kerry Kawakami, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Marianna Pogosyan, Napoj Thanomkul, Davide Barrera, Sylvie Graf, Pedro Romero, Hansika Kapoor, Hirotaka Imada, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Jana L. Raver, Elizaveta Berezina, Alisher Aldashev, Sara Romanò, Mícheál de Barra, Sari Mentser, Zhuo Li, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Michal Kohút, Bernardo Manhique, Inna Bovina, Hyun Euh, Michele J. Gelfand, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Adote Anum, Alvaro San Martin, Fatemeh Bagherian, Xia Fang, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Hassan Tieffi, Mpho M. Pheko, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Lisa M. Leslie, Ike E. Onyishi, Toko Kiyonari, Gizem Arikan, Vladimir Gritskov, Sita Widodo, Susann Fiedler, Junhui Wu, Narine Khachatryan, Ani Grigoryan, Márta Fülöp, Inari Sakki, Kimmo Eriksson, Hoon Seok Choi, Andree Hartanto, Jan B. Engelmann, Pontus Strimling, Seniha Özden, Marie Björnstjerna, Birzhan Batkeyev, Natalia Kharchenko, Zeynep Aycan, Rui Costa-Lopes, Angela T. Maitner, Cecilia Reyna, Sara Sherbaji, Charity S. Akotia, Imed Medhioub, Anabel Belaus, Andreas Glöckner, Đorđe Čekrlija, Erna Szabo, Pegah Nejat, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Ravit Nussinson, Ninetta Khoury, Anja Eller, Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Aycan, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0003-4784-334X & YÖK ID 5798), Özden, Seniha, Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P. A., Andrighetto, G., Anum, A., Arıkan, G., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Zeineddine, F. B., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Cardenas, J. C., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. S., Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L. T., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M. S., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. M., Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Mendes Teixeira, M. L., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q. P., Zirganou-Kazolea, L., Van Lange, P. A. M., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Everyday thinking and arguing, Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, and Experimental and Political Economics / CREED (ASE, FEB)

Subjects
Male, Value of Life, PERCEPTIONS, RESPONSE, General Physics and Astronomy, Ostracism, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Gossip, STRENGTH, Social Norms, Sanctions, Attention, Comprehension, Female, Humans, Judgment, Negotiating, Social Support, Violence, Perception, Social Behavior, PUNISHMENT, purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1 [https], Multidisciplinary, purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https], CROSS-CULTURAL, 05 social sciences, Cultural universal, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Justice and Strong Institutions, PREVALENCE, 5144 Social psychology, NORM VIOLATION, 5141 Sociology, Psychology, Social norms, Cultural-differences, Punishment, Prevalence, Strenght, Origins, Social psychology, SDG 16 - Peace, Science, BF, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, META-NORMS, Social support, Human behaviour, 0502 economics and business, CULTURAL-DIFFERENCES, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Science and technology, Multidisciplinary sciences, Psychology and behaviour, COOPERATION, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, General Chemistry, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, ORIGINS, Value of life, Norm (social), 050203 business & management, Social behavior
Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about people's preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people's perception of the appropriateness of norm violations., Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences; Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; Czech Science Foundation; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology; Stockholm University

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Tara Bulut Allred, Agustín Ibáñez, Amparo Caballero, Anouk Kolen, Terri Tan Su-May, Shamsul Haque, Elif Gizem Demirag Burak, Jozef Bavolar, Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets, Phakkanun Chittham, Andreas Schwerdtfeger, Chew Wei Ong, Marie Stadel, Sadia Malik, Coby Morvinski, Victoria Schönefeld, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, María del Carmen Espinoza, Christine Joy A. Ballada, Darío Páez, Masataka Nakayama, Natália Kocsel, Adolfo M. García, Magdalena Bobowik, Janis Zickfeld, Tuğba Seda Çolak, Hans IJzerman, Jordane Boudesseul, Krystian Barzykowski, Elke Schrover, Gonzalo Martínez-Zelaya, Diogo Conque Seco Ferreira, Sergio Villar, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Leah Sharman, Philip C. Mefoh, Patrícia Arriaga, Inbal Kremer, Tobias Ebert, Franziska A. Stanke, Jonna K. Vuoskoski, Eleimonitria Lekkou, Nao Maeura, Asmir Gračanin, Argiro Vatakis, Kristina Sesar, Mustafa Eşkisu, Yaniv Shani, Kitty Dumont, Bruno Verschuere, Rebecca Shankland, Thomas W. Schubert, Friedrich M. Götz, Agata Blaut, René Šebeňa, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Nino Jose Mateo, Eric J. Vanman, Eunsoo Choi, Pilleriin Sikka, Gyöngyi Kökönyei, Harry Manley, Arta Dodaj, José J. Pizarro, Olivia Pich, Kenichi Ito, Irina Konova, Magdalena Śmieja, Nekane Basabe, Julie Karsten, Braj Bhushan, Catalina Estrada-Mejia, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Andree Hartanto, Jana B. Berkessel, Peter J. Rentfrow, Pilar Carrera, Sari Mentser, María Josefina Escobar, Uğur Doğan, Sebastian L. Schorch, Niels van de Ven, Anna Tcherkassof, Paul E. Jose, Wee Qin Ng, Wataru Sato, Yukiko Uchida, Sergio Barbosa, Shlomo Hareli, Michelle Xue Zheng, Ravit Nussinson, Igor Kardum, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Yang Wu, Nina F. Balt, Henna-Riikka Peltola, Diogo Martins, Yansong Li, Pavol Kačmár, Zahir Vally, Charles T. Orjiakor, Judith K. Daniels, UAM. Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología, MÜ, Eğitim Fakültesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü, Doğan, Uğur, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H., van de Ven, N., Pich, O., Schubert, T. W., Berkessel, J. B., Pizarro, J. J., Bhushan, B., Mateo, N. J., Barbosa, S., Sharman, L., Kökönyei, G., Schrover, E., Kardum, I., Aruta, J. J. B., Lazarevic, L. B., Escobar, M. J., Stadel, M., Arriaga, P., Dodaj, A., Shankland, R., Majeed, N. M., Li, Y., Lekkou, E., Hartanto, A., Özdoğru, A. A., Vaughn, L. A., del Carmen Espinoza, M., Caballero, A., Kolen, A., Karsten, J., Manley, H., Maeura, N., Eşkisu, M., Shani, Y., Chittham, P., Ferreira, D., Bavolar, J., Konova, I., Sato, W., Morvinski, C., Carrera, P., Villar, S., Ibanez, A., Hareli, S., Garcia, A. M., Kremer, I., Götz, F. M., Schwerdtfeger, A., Estrada-Mejia, C., Nakayama, M., Ng, W. Q., Sesar, K., Orjiakor, C. T., Dumont, K., Allred, T. B., Gra?anin, A., Rentfrow, P. J., Schönefeld, V., Vally, Z., Barzykowski, K., Peltola, H.-R., Tcherkassof, A., Haque, S., mieja, M., Su-May, T. T., IJzerman, H., Vatakis, A., Ong, C. W., Choi, E., Schorch, S. L., Páez, D., Malik, S., Ka?már, P., Bobowik, M., Jose, P., Vuoskoski, J. K., Basabe, N., Doğan, U., Ebert, T., Uchida, Y., Zheng, M. X., Mefoh, P., Šebe?a, R., Stanke, F. A., Ballada, C. J., Blaut, A., Wu, Y., Daniels, J. K., Kocsel, N., Balt, N. F., Vanman, E., Stewart, S. L. K., Verschuere, B., Sikka, P., Boudesseul, J., Martins, D., Nussinson, R., Ito, K., Mentser, S., Çolak, T. S., Martinez-Zelaya, G., Vingerhoets, A., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Department of Marketing, Research Group: Marketing, Tilburg University, Center Ph. D. Students, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Department of Social Psychology, Medical and Clinical Psychology, [Belirlenecek], Sociology/ICS, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, Emotions, Personal distress, Attachment, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Relaciones interpersonales, Emotional tears, Social support, 0302 clinical medicine, Emotional crying, Cross-cultural, Psychology, Faces, 10. No inequality, media_common, Inclusion, Emociones y sentimientos, Crying, 05 social sciences, Impact, Feeling, medicine.symptom, Social psychology, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Empathy, Interpersonal relations, Equivalence, 050105 experimental psychology, Exposure, Interpersonal relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Valence (psychology), Empathic concern, Distress, Individuals, Psicología, Psychologie, Llanto, Empatía, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood., National Science Centre, Poland; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker Programme; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Hungarian Brain Research Programme; Internal Fund of the Open University of Israel

Published
2021
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12. Cultural and personal values interact to predict divorce.

Author

Mentser S and Sagiv L

Abstract

We investigate the role of values in motivating the dissolution of marriage. Drawing on comprehensive value frameworks, we study how cultural values explain cross-national variation in divorce, how personal values explain further variation within nations, and how the two value systems interact together. In three archival studies, including more than 100,000 participants from over 55 countries, we study attitudes toward divorce as well as actual divorce. We found that divorce was more justifiable and likely in nations emphasizing autonomy values, and among individuals ascribing importance to self-direction, stimulation, and hedonism values. Divorce was less justifiable and likely in nations emphasizing embeddedness values, and among individuals ascribing importance to tradition and conformity values. Overall, the impact of personal values was stronger the more the culture emphasizes autonomy (vs. embeddedness) values. Understanding the role of values in divorce may inform individuals as to the values they desire in their future spouses., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Published
2025
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13. The poetry of psychological distance: Bidirectional associations between stimulus speed and its psychological distance and construal level.

Author

Nussinson R, Rozenberg I, Hatzek A, Mentser S, Navon M, Gilead M, Simchon A, Sverdlik N, and Liberman N

Subjects
Humans, Female, Adult, Male, Young Adult, Social Perception, Psychological Distance
Abstract

Based on the cognitive-ecological approach and on logical-functional principles, in 12 studies (11 preregistered), we examine the novel hypotheses that psychological distance and construal level (CL) are associated in people's minds with stimulus speed: the psychologically distant/abstract is slow, and the psychologically close/concrete is fast. The findings support our expectations. Study Set I examined the association between psychological distance and speed. Findings show that psychological distance is implicitly and explicitly associated with speed (Study 1), that psychological distance is seen as compatible with slow and proximity with fast (Study 2), that stimulus psychological distance affects its perceived speed (Study 3), and that stimulus speed affects its psychological distance (Study 4). Study Set II examined the association between construal level and speed. Findings show that construal level is explicitly associated with speed (Study 5), that abstract is seen as compatible with slow and concrete with fast (Study 6), that natural language word distribution structures reflect an association between abstractness and speed (Study 7), that construal level affects speed (Study 8), and that speed affects stimulus construal level (Study 9). Study Set III examined implications for communication and person perception. Findings suggest that slow-paced (vs. fast-paced) speech is associated with larger perceived spatial and social distance between speaker and audience and larger audiences (Studies 10a, 10b) and that people infer an expansive (contractive) regulatory scope from slow-paced (fast-paced) spoken messages (Study 11). We elaborate on possible mechanisms and their theoretical and practical implications in domains including decision making and urban design. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2024
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14. Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies.

Author

Andersson PA, Vartanova I, Västfjäll D, Tinghög G, Strimling P, Wu J, Hazin I, Akotia CS, Aldashev A, Andrighetto G, Anum A, Arikan G, Bagherian F, Barrera D, Basnight-Brown D, Batkeyev B, Berezina E, Björnstjerna M, Boski P, Bovina I, Huyen BTT, Čekrlija Đ, Choi HS, Contreras-Ibáñez CC, Costa-Lopes R, de Barra M, de Zoysa P, Dorrough AR, Dvoryanchikov N, Engelmann JB, Euh H, Fang X, Fiedler S, Foster-Gimbel OA, Fülöp M, Gardarsdottir RB, Gill CMHD, Glöckner A, Graf S, Grigoryan A, Gritskov V, Growiec K, Halama P, Hartanto A, Hopthrow T, Hřebíčková M, Iliško D, Imada H, Kapoor H, Kawakami K, Khachatryan N, Kharchenko N, Kiyonari T, Kohút M, Leslie LM, Li Y, Li NP, Li Z, Liik K, Maitner AT, Manhique B, Manley H, Medhioub I, Mentser S, Nejat P, Nipassa O, Nussinson R, Onyedire NG, Onyishi IE, Panagiotopoulou P, Perez-Floriano LR, Persson M, Pirttilä-Backman AM, Pogosyan M, Raver J, Rodrigues RB, Romanò S, Romero PP, Sakki I, San Martin A, Sherbaji S, Shimizu H, Simpson B, Szabo E, Takemura K, Teixeira MLM, Thanomkul N, Tiliouine H, Travaglino GA, Tsirbas Y, Widodo S, Zein R, Zirganou-Kazolea L, and Eriksson K

Subjects
Humans, Judgment, Morals, Anger, Emotions, Disgust
Abstract

When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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15. Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries.

Author

Andrighetto G, Szekely A, Guido A, Gelfand M, Abernathy J, Arikan G, Aycan Z, Bankar S, Barrera D, Basnight-Brown D, Belaus A, Berezina E, Blumen S, Boski P, Bui HTT, Cárdenas JC, Čekrlija Đ, de Barra M, de Zoysa P, Dorrough A, Engelmann JB, Euh H, Fiedler S, Foster-Gimbel O, Freitas G, Fülöp M, Gardarsdottir RB, Gill CMHD, Glöckner A, Graf S, Grigoryan A, Growiec K, Hashimoto H, Hopthrow T, Hřebíčková M, Imada H, Kamijo Y, Kapoor H, Kashima Y, Khachatryan N, Kharchenko N, León D, Leslie LM, Li Y, Liik K, Liuzza MT, Maitner AT, Mamidi P, McArdle M, Medhioub I, Teixeira MLM, Mentser S, Morales F, Narayanan J, Nitta K, Nussinson R, Onyedire NG, Onyishi IE, Osin E, Özden S, Panagiotopoulou P, Pereverziev O, Perez-Floriano LR, Pirttilä-Backman AM, Pogosyan M, Raver J, Reyna C, Rodrigues RB, Romanò S, Romero PP, Sakki I, Sánchez A, Sherbaji S, Simpson B, Spadoni L, Stamkou E, Travaglino GA, Van Lange PAM, Winata FF, Zein RA, Zhang QP, and Eriksson K

Subjects
Humans, Pandemics prevention & control, Social Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Norms, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract

The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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16. The impact of language-induced cultural mindset on originality in idea generation.

Author

Arieli S and Mentser S

Subjects
Humans, Individuality, Commerce, Language, Cognition
Abstract

Creativity is vital in the contemporary business world. Drawing on the culture-as-situated-cognition theory, we investigate how language affects divergent thinking. We study multicultural bilinguals (Arabs in Israel) whose two languages reflect contrasting cultural mindsets: individualism (Hebrew) versus collectivism (Arabic). Theoretically, individualism is associated with novel thinking as it encourages autonomy of thought and action, whereas collectivism encourages compliance to social norms. We investigate the impact of language as a factor that may affect performance in divergent thinking tasks through its associated cultural mindset, distinguishing this from the effects of the speaker's proficiency in the language. We expected that individualism induced by language (in this case, Hebrew) would promote greater originality in tasks demanding high, but not moderate, levels of ingenuity. Study 1 ( N = 163) induced competing cultural mindsets using two cultural primes-language and task instructions-in a divergent thinking task. As hypothesized, Hebrew was associated with greater originality (uniqueness of ideas) but not fluency (number of ideas); and this pattern is specific to language, not the cultural prime induced by task instructions. Study 2 ( N = 137) confirmed that the effect is stronger in tasks calling for greater ingenuity. Implications for language management in organizations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2022
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17. Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies.

Author

Eriksson K, Strimling P, Gelfand M, Wu J, Abernathy J, Akotia CS, Aldashev A, Andersson PA, Andrighetto G, Anum A, Arikan G, Aycan Z, Bagherian F, Barrera D, Basnight-Brown D, Batkeyev B, Belaus A, Berezina E, Björnstjerna M, Blumen S, Boski P, Bou Zeineddine F, Bovina I, Huyen BTT, Cardenas JC, Čekrlija Đ, Choi HS, Contreras-Ibáñez CC, Costa-Lopes R, de Barra M, de Zoysa P, Dorrough A, Dvoryanchikov N, Eller A, Engelmann JB, Euh H, Fang X, Fiedler S, Foster-Gimbel OA, Fülöp M, Gardarsdottir RB, Gill CMHD, Glöckner A, Graf S, Grigoryan A, Gritskov V, Growiec K, Halama P, Hartanto A, Hopthrow T, Hřebíčková M, Iliško D, Imada H, Kapoor H, Kawakami K, Khachatryan N, Kharchenko N, Khoury N, Kiyonari T, Kohút M, Linh LT, Leslie LM, Li Y, Li NP, Li Z, Liik K, Maitner AT, Manhique B, Manley H, Medhioub I, Mentser S, Mohammed L, Nejat P, Nipassa O, Nussinson R, Onyedire NG, Onyishi IE, Özden S, Panagiotopoulou P, Perez-Floriano LR, Persson MS, Pheko M, Pirttilä-Backman AM, Pogosyan M, Raver J, Reyna C, Rodrigues RB, Romanò S, Romero PP, Sakki I, San Martin A, Sherbaji S, Shimizu H, Simpson B, Szabo E, Takemura K, Tieffi H, Mendes Teixeira ML, Thanomkul N, Tiliouine H, Travaglino GA, Tsirbas Y, Wan R, Widodo S, Zein R, Zhang QP, Zirganou-Kazolea L, and Van Lange PAM

Published
2021
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18. Distinguishing deliberate from systematic thinking.

Author

Amit A, Mentser S, Arieli S, and Porzycki N

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Competency, Middle Aged, Motivation, Cognition, Decision Making, Individuality, Personality, Thinking
Abstract

Deliberate thinking and systematic thinking are often conflated when contrasted with intuitive thinking. We argue that, in fact, nonintuitive thinking is multidimensional, and that deliberate and systematic thinking are distinct nonintuitive processes. We establish their distinct meanings in 6 studies using 3 research paradigms. Our first paradigm (Studies 1 and 2) takes an individual differences approach. Adopting a meta-analytic design with the addition of new data, we find that deliberate thinking and systematic thinking are differentially associated with personality traits (openness to experience with deliberate thinking; conscientiousness with systematic thinking) and with personal values (self-direction vs. conformity with deliberate thinking; security vs. stimulation with systematic thinking). Our second paradigm (Studies 3 and 4) employs a decision-making task (choosing between different problem types and levels of difficulty) to test for deliberate and systematic thinking in isolation from each other. We show that systematic thinking (in oneself and others) predicts a selection of rule-based over context-based problems, while deliberate thinking predicts a selection of difficult over simple problems. Our third paradigm (Studies 5 and 6) takes a cultural perspective. We show that although deliberate thinking is universally perceived as signifying competence, the contribution of systematic thinking to perceptions of competence is culturally dependent, differing for participants under a collectivistic versus individualistic mindset. Together our findings highlight the need to distinguish between deliberate and systematic thinking and underscore the need for studies of intuitive versus nonintuitive thinking to take a multidimensional perspective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2021
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19. Identity-motivated reasoning: Biased judgments regarding political leaders and their actions.

Author

Arieli S, Amit A, and Mentser S

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Social Perception, Trust, Young Adult, Attitude, Judgment, Motivation, Politics, Problem Solving, Social Identification
Abstract

We investigate how constituents interpret information about political leaders in the course of forming judgments about them. More specifically, we are interested in the intentionality attributed to the actions and decisions taken by political leaders - whether they are perceived as designed to benefit the politician's own interests, or the interests of the public. In two field studies, we show that the political orientation of constituents plays a central role in driving constituents' judgments about political leaders and their actions (in terms of beneficiary attributions), reflecting an identity-motivated reasoning process. Political leaders of the ingroup are perceived more favorably than political leaders of the outgroup, in terms of trust and a desire to see that leader represent the country in the international arena. More interestingly, constituents are likely to attribute the actions of ingroup leaders as intended to benefit the country (national interests), and the actions of outgroup leaders as intended to benefit the political leaders themselves (egoistic interests)., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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20. Kama muta: Conceptualizing and measuring the experience often labelled being moved across 19 nations and 15 languages.

Author

Zickfeld JH, Schubert TW, Seibt B, Blomster JK, Arriaga P, Basabe N, Blaut A, Caballero A, Carrera P, Dalgar I, Ding Y, Dumont K, Gaulhofer V, Gračanin A, Gyenis R, Hu CP, Kardum I, Lazarević LB, Mathew L, Mentser S, Nussinson R, Onuki M, Páez D, Pásztor A, Peng K, Petrović B, Pizarro JJ, Schönefeld V, Śmieja M, Tokaji A, Vingerhoets A, Vorster A, Vuoskoski J, Zhu L, and Fiske AP

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Metaphor, Concept Formation physiology, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Emotions physiology, Language
Abstract

English-speakers sometimes say that they feel "moved to tears," "emotionally touched," "stirred," or that something "warmed their heart;" other languages use similar passive contact metaphors to refer to an affective state. The authors propose and measure the concept of kama muta to understand experiences often given these and other labels. Do the same experiences evoke the same kama muta emotion across nations and languages? They conducted studies in 19 different countries, 5 continents, 15 languages, with a total of 3,542 participants. They tested the construct while validating a comprehensive scale to measure the appraisals, valence, bodily sensations, motivation, and lexical labels posited to characterize kama muta. The results are congruent with theory and previous findings showing that kama muta is a distinct positive social relational emotion that is evoked by experiencing or observing a sudden intensification of communal sharing. It is commonly accompanied by a warm feeling in the chest, moist eyes or tears, chills or piloerection, feeling choked up or having a lump in the throat, buoyancy, and exhilaration. It motivates affective devotion and moral commitment to communal sharing. Although the authors observed some variations across cultures, these 5 facets of kama muta are highly correlated in every sample, supporting the validity of the construct and the measure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2019
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21. Sensitivity to Deviance and to Dissimilarity: Basic Cognitive Processes Under Activation of the Behavioral Immune System.

Author

Nussinson R, Mentser S, and Rosenberg N

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Disgust, Facial Recognition physiology, Immune System physiology, Infections, Social Behavior, Social Perception
Abstract

Throughout evolutionary history, pathogens have imposed strong selection pressures on humans. To minimize humans' exposure to pathogens, a behavioral immune system that promotes the detection and avoidance of disease-connoting cues has evolved. Although most pathogens cannot be discerned by our sensory organs, they produce discernable changes in their environment. As a result, a common denominator of many disease-connoting cues is morphological deviance-figurative disparity from what is normal, visual dissimilarity to the prototype stored in memory. Drawing on an evolutionary rationale, we examine the hypothesis that activation of the behavioral immune system renders people more sensitive to morphological deviance and more prone to perceive dissimilarities between stimuli. In Study 1 ( N = 343), participants who scored higher on disgust sensitivity demonstrated greater differentiation between normal and disfigured faces, reflecting greater sensitivity to morphological deviance in the bodily domain. In Study 2 ( N = 109), participants who were primed with pathogen threat demonstrated greater differentiation between perfect and imperfect geometrical shapes, reflecting greater sensitivity to morphological deviance even in stimuli that have nothing to do with health or disease. In Study 3 ( N = 621), participants who scored higher on disgust sensitivity perceived pairs of neutral pictures as less similar (i.e., more dissimilar) to each other. Literature on the relations to social deviance and implications for social perception and for social behavior is discussed.

Published
2018
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