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Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae) is regarded as highly valuable aromatic medicinal species with wide range of pharmaceutical application. In the present work, leaf essential oil of M. longifolia was applied for the assessment of in vitro pharmacological potentials and compositional analysis. A sum of 15 compounds were detected by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of M. longifolia essential oil with total area of 99.98% where major compounds were carvone (59.56%), D-limonene (20.81%), eucalyptol (10.08%). The anti-oxidant potency of M. longifolia was estimated using two methods viz., ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay where M. longifolia essential oil showed moderate anti-oxidant potency. M. longifolia essential oil revealed high anti-inflammatory and tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value 3.68 μL/mL and 1.22 μL/mL respectively compared to standard sodium diclofenac (5.33 μL/mL) and kojic acid (2.28 μL/mL). The acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory and genotoxic assay was performed, where M. longifolia essential oil revealed strong anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-genotoxic activity. Anti-microbial potential of M. longifolia essential oil was also where strong anti-bacterial activity was shown against Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus. For anti-fungal activity, M. longifolia essential oil showed no zone of inhibition against any used strains except Aspergillus flavus. From the present research it was established that M. longifolia essential oil possesses pharmaceutical potential with strong AchE inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tyrosinase, anti-genotoxic and anti-oxidant activity which can be used for plant-based drug development in future endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to compare the accumulation of phenolic compounds of different species and varieties of mint, zoned in Central Russia against the background of plant infection by Meloidogyne incognita.Materials and methods. Plants were grown from cuttings in a growing experiment in open ground. Mentha × piperita L. (varieties: Tik-Tak, Orange, Minneola, Mojito, Mitchum, Chocolate), M. spicata L. (varieties Morocco, Crispa) and M. longifolia L. (Longifolia) were taken for the study. A month later, the rooted plants were infected at the rate of 1000 sp. infective larvae of M. incognita per plant. After 8 weeks leaves were fixed in ethanol. The total content of phenolic compounds (PC), phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and catechins was studied using a spectrophotometer. The determination of the total content of PС was carried out using the Folin-Cecolte reagent with measurement at 725 nm, phenylpropanoids – by direct measurement of optical density at 330 nm, flavonoids – by reaction with aluminum chloride at 415 nm, the total content of flavans (catechins - flavan-3-ols), their oligomeric forms – proanthocyanidins, as well as leukoanthocyanidins were assessed by reaction with vanillin at 500 nm.Results and discussion. It has been shown that the accumulation of phenols is related to the species of plants. The varieties Mentha × piperita L. in most cases contained more phenols than M. spicata L. and M. longifolia L. A significant number of PC was noted in the violet-colored varieties Mitchum, Chocolate and Orange. The total content of PC almost completely correlates with the content of their precursors – phenylpropanoids. In terms of the content of flavonoids, the Mitchum variety stands out noticeably, and in terms of the content of catechins, the Orange variety stands out. Nematode infection in most varieties causes a noticeable increase in the total accumulation of soluble PC, phenylpropanoids and flavans, but leads to a decrease in the content of flavonoids.

In this study, the efficacy of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia, Achillea arabica and Artemisia absinthium plants were evaluated against important soil-borne fungal pathogens as Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Essential oils were obtained from plants by hydrodistillation method and the chemical components of essential oils were determined by analyzing by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components found as piperitone oxide (13.61%), piperitenone oxide (15.55%), pulegone (12.47%), 1-menthone (5.75%), and camphor (5.75%) in M. longifolia, á-selinene 13.38%, camphor 13.34%, L-4-terpineneol 8.40%, (−)-á-Elemene 7.01%, 1,8-cineole 4.71%, and (−)-spathulenol 3.84% in A. arabica, and á-thujone (34.64%), 1,8-cineole (19.54%), pulegone (7.86%), camphene (5.31%), sabinene (4.86%), and germacrene-d (3.67%) in A. absinthium. The antifungal activities of the oils were investigated 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.00, and 2.00 μl/ml concentrations with the contact effect method. M. longifolia oil (1.00 and 2.00 μl/ml) has displayed remarkable antifungal effect and provided 100% inhibition on mycelial growth of V. dahliae, R. solani and F. oxysporum. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new alternative and safe methods against soil-borne fungal pathogens.

Introduction and Objective: The genetic diversity of plant species and their relationship with wild species is very important to improve the yield of crops. The first step in the improvement of medicinal plants is to identify and collect endemic genotypes. Endemic genotypes are very important in the selection of cultivars due to their adaptability to the climate of the region. Mentha longifolia is one of the important endemic medicinal plants of Iran, which is used in various pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Essential oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and other compounds such as steroids and ceramides are important chemical compounds in oregano plant. In this study, morphological diversity, essential oil and antioxidant activity of 20 Mentha longifolia genotypes in West and East Azerbaijan provinces were investigated. The aim of this research, on the one hand, is to know the potential and range of diversity of Menta longifolia genotypes in its natural habitats in West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijan provinces. On the other hand, the introduction of regions with superior genotypes in terms of these traits is for use in breeding programs. Material and Methods: The collection of plant samples from some areas of two northwestern provinces of Iran (West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan) was done in the spring of 2022. In order to evaluate the morphological traits of the plant in the flowering season, 11 quantitative traits of the plant including plant height, inflorescence length, crown diameterstem diameter, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, number of inflorescences, fresh weight, dry weight and the number of sub-branches were evaluated. After drying the plant samples, essential oil extraction was done using a clonger, and the essential oil samples were transferred to Urmia University Jihad to identify compounds by gas chromatography. Extraction of plant samples was done by ultrasonic method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method. All the obtained data were analyzed with three repetitions and based on a completely random design using SPSS software. LSD test was used to compare the mean data. Data clustering was done based on Ward's method and Euclidean distance square measure. Principal component analysis was performed on the data. Also, in this study, correlation between studied traits was done by R software. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the genotypes collected from different regions have significant differences in terms of plant height, inflorescence length, crown diameterstem diameter, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, number of inflorescences, fresh weight, dry weight and the number of sub-branches are investigated (P < 0.01). The results of the analysis of the percentage and chemical composition of the essential oil showed that the type of genotype had a significant effect on the amount of these compounds in different genotypes of Mentha longifolia (P < 0.01). Among the studied genotypes, the highest percentage of essential oil and the amount of Trans-Caryophyllene and Germacrene D compounds were found in G18 of Iranq region of Tabriz, also the highest amount of Alpha-Terpineol and Spathulenol was found in G16 of Aghajari region of Maragheh. Also, there was a significant difference between different genotypes of mint in terms of antioxidant activity. The maximum amount of antioxidant activity (80.81%) was observed in G3 of Hachesu area in Shahindej. Based on Ward's cluster analysis, the genotypes were divided into three main groups. G1 alone was placed in a separate group due to the high content of Spathulenol and high antioxidant activity. The second group, which includes most of the genotypes (G2, G3, G5, G16, G19, G17, G20, G12, G14, G4, G6, G8, G11, G13, G9, G7 and G10), has a moderate amount of morphological traits, essential oil components and antioxidant activity. G15 and G18 genotypes were placed in the third group. The prominent features of these genotypes were high values of length and number of inflorescences, length and width of leaves, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of the plant, number of sub-branches, percentage of essential oil, alpha-Humulene, trans-Caryophyllene and GermacreneD and antioxidant activity. Using principal component analysis, 21 primary variables were determined in the form of two principal components. The first component explained 40% and the second component 19% of the total variance. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the percentage of essential oil and some morphological traits, the percentage of essential oil and the amount of Germacrene D, trans-Caryophyllene, beta-Farnesene and isomenthon, as well as antioxidant activity and morphological traits. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that G15 belonging to Maragheh with an altitude of 1776 m had the highest number of leaves, length and width of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight and number of subbranches, internode length and number of inflorescences compared to other genotypes. Therefore, it can be said that this genotype has priority for breeding, domestication and crop cultivation projects and is suitable for its introduction to the market as a medicinal plant. In addition, the results showed that the highest percentage of essential oil and the amount of compounds such as Germacrene D, Trans-Caryophyllene, Spathulenol, Beta-Farnesene, Alpha-Terpineol were obtained in genotypes with high altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mediterranean Basin is particularly rich in aromatic plants with essential oils whose composition and properties are still to be investigated. The aims of this work were to: investigate the chemical composition of essential oils from three typical Spanish aromatic species: Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia absinthium and Mentha longifolia; evaluate the antifungal potential of essential oils against seven plant pathogenic and postharvest fungi; analyse the effectiveness of the Mentha longifolia essential oil in extending the blueberry fruit shelf life. The main compounds for the Artemisia herba-alba essential oil were camphor (29.8%), trans-thujone (22%), 1,8-cineole (14.5%) and cis-thujone (10.8%). In the A. absithium essential oil, they were cis-cryshanthemyl acetate (35.4%), cis-β-epoxiocimene (36%) and trans-β-epoxiocimene (10.4%). α-Terpineol acetate (32.6%), pulegone (14.2%) and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone (10.3%) were the most important molecules in the obtained composition of the Mentha longifolia essential oil. Different bioassays were performed at the 300 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL doses using the distinct essential oils in potato dextrose agar culture medium. The Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia absinthium essential oils at 300 μg/mL were not very effective. The Mentha longifolia essential oil strongly inhibited mycelial growth at the two tested doses, but it totally inhibited the growth of Curvularia hawaiiensis, Fusarium nygamai and Verticilliun dahliae at 600 μg/mL. The blueberries coated with the Mentha longifolia essential oil solution obtained a statistically higher percentage of healthy fruit than the control. They could be considered an ecofriendly alternative for postharvest treatment, and for maintaining the quality and turgidity of these berries during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentha longifolia subsp. cyprica (Heinr. Braun) Harley, endemic to Cyprus, is traditionally used to treat tonsillitis and as an inhalant for headaches. In this study, the essential oil components, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content of extracts, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and the extracts from the aerial parts of M. longifolia subsp. cyprica are reported for the first time. The essential oil profile was determined by GC and GC/MS, and 28 compounds were identified. The main components were pulegone (71.5 %), 1,8-cineole (9.5 %), menthone (5.0 %), and limonene (3.4 %). The methanol extract revealed the highest antioxidant activity (0.109 mg/ml) and phenolic content (60.9 ± 0.034 mg gallic acid/g extract) compared to the ethyl acetate (0.368 mg/ml, 24.3 ± 0.032 mg GAE/g extract) and n-hexane (1.737 mg/ml, 10.1 ± 0.023 mg GAE/g extract) extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts was screened for their antibacterial and anticandidal effects against selected microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive bacterial strain to the tested samples (MIC, 500–1000 µg/ml). In contrast, better inhibition effects were shown against Candida species, with a MIC of 62.5 µg/ml against C. utilis. The results of this study may partially support the traditional use of M. longifolia subsp. cyprica and provide insight into an alternative species. [Display omitted] • Essential oil composition, phenolic content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the endemic M. longifolia subsp. cyprica were evaluated. • The essential oil profile was determined by GC and GC/MS; 28 compounds were identified. • The methanol extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant and phenolic content. • Essential oil and extracts showed better inhibitory effects against Candida species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentha longifolia (L.) L., also known as wild mint, is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. This study aimed to investigate the effects of essential oil of M. longifolia (MLEO) on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the liver and kidneys in the context of drug-induced liver injury caused by the anti-TB drugs rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide (INH-RIF-PZA). The chemical composition of MLEO was characterized using GC/MS analysis, which revealed the presence of pulegone, trans-p-menthan-3-one, piperitenone, and β-caryophyllene as its major volatile constituents. An INH/RIF/PZA mixture was administered to Wistar rats for 30 days, and silymarin was administered as a standard drug. MLEO was administered p.o. at doses of 50 mg and 100 mg/kg b.w. Both doses of the MLEO therapy effectively regulated all biochemical indicators of hepatic impairment and reduced the damage caused by the INH/RIF/PZA mixture. It may be deduced that MLEO has the ability to protect organs against INH/RIF/PZA-induced damage and could potentially be a valuable natural remedy for treating anti-TB-induced liver and kidney injuries.

Menta longifolia is an aromatic herb consists of dried aerial parts of Mentha longifolia belongs to family Lamiaceae. Overground parts of the plant yield 2-4% of an essential oil, of which the chief component appears to be the monoterpene ketone, carvone. Mentha longifolia thus approaches spearmint (Mentha spicata) rather than peppermint (M. piperita) in oil composition. Other major constituents of the essential oil, according to various studies, include piperitenone and its oxide, piperitone and its oxide and pulegone. The present study involves isolation of l-Carvone from Mentha longifolia using fractional distillation as a tool for separation which was quantified using Gas chromatography. Characterization of purified L-Carvone was done using NMR spectroscopy (1HNMR and 13C-NMR). Fractions collected using fractional distillation was evaluated for anti-microbial activity for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and the consequent surge in infections caused by them have become major public health concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit antibacterial properties and have wide applications in biomedical sciences. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized in the presence of antibiotics: Ceftazidime (Cft), Cefotaxime (Cef), Ceftriaxone (Cfx), and Cefepime (Cpm), along with the extract of Mentha longifolia. Mentha longifolia-based AgNPs were kept as the control for all experiments. The associated metabolites, structural properties, surface charges, and antibacterial activity of the AgNPs were also evaluated. Overall, a blue-shift of SPR peaks was observed for control AgNPs (λmax = 421 nm, 422 nm, 426 nm, and 406 nm for Cft-AgNPs, Cef-AgNPs, Cfx-AgNPs, and Cpm-AgNPs, respectively), compared to the control (λmax = 438 nm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that antibiotic-based AgNPs had distinct peaks that corresponded to the respective antibiotics, which were not observed in the control. XRD analysis showed that there were observed changes in crystallinity in antibiotic-based AgNPs compared to the control. TEM images revealed that all samples had spherical nanoparticles with different sizes and distributions compared to the control. The Zeta potential for extract-based AgNPs was − 33.6 mV, compared to -19.6 mV for Cft-AgNPs, -2 mV for Cef-AgNPs, -21.1 mV for Cfx-AgNPs, and − 24.2 mV for Cpm-AgNPs. The increase in the PDI value for antibiotic-based AgNPs also showed a highly polydisperse distribution. However, the antibiotic-AgNPs conjugates showed significantly higher activity against pathogenic bacteria. The addition of antibiotics to AgNPs brought significant changes in structural properties and antibacterial activities.

The objective of the current work was to test the antimicrobial impact of Salvia officinalis and Mentha longifolia collected from Al-Madinah city in Saudi Arabia and extracted by hydrodistillation versus Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC13047), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803), and Aspergillus fumigates (ATCC46645). M. longifolia essential oils showed higher inhibition zones versus tested microorganisms, especially against E. coli and C. tropicalis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of M. longifolia essential oils were determined for M. longifolia, where 3.9 and 62.5 µg/ml were the resulted values of the essential oils versus E. coli and C. tropicalis, respectively. Antioxidant impact of essential oils from both plants was compared using a DPPH assay where, M. longifolia showed the most promising antioxidant action with an IC50 of 88.73 ± 2.59 µg/ml. Transmission electron microscopic examination was applied after treatment of E. coli and C. tropicalis using M. longifolia essential oils, which showed their impact to destroy tested bacterial and fungal microbes as standard drugs. M. longifolia essential oils were further tested versus colorectal cancer cells, showed their cytotoxic impact versus cancer cells with an IC50 of 97.61 ± 1.8 μg/ml and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis, which showed that treated cells by M. longifolia essential oils dramatically elevated their apoptotic rate (P< 0.05) compared to untreated Caco-2 cells. M. longifolia essential oils showed minimal cytopathic action versus Vero cells, which revealed their potency. These results illustrated the possible pleiotropic experimental roles of M. longifolia growing in Al-Madinah City to be applied in pharmaceutical applications after in vivo confirmation of results.

The present study aimed to explore the phytochemical profile, and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties, of Moroccan Mentha longifolia L. essential oil (ML-EO) using in vitro and in silico assays. Noteworthily, as chromatography (GC-MS/MS) revealed that ML-EO is majorly composed of piperitenone oxide (53.43%), caryophyllene (20.02%), and (−) germacrene D (16.53%). It possesses excellent antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 1.49 ± 0.00 for DPPH and 0.051 ± 0.06 μg/mL for ABTS. Moreover, the RP and TAC activities were 0.80 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 315.532 ± 0.00 mg EAA/g, respectively. ML-EO exhibited a potent antimicrobial effect, specifically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also exhibited strong antifungal ability, especially against Candida albicans. Regarding insecticidal activity, for ML-EO, a dose of 20 µL/mL produced a complete reduction in fecundity, fertility, and emergence of adult C. maculatus with mortality rates reaching 100%. In silico results showed that the antioxidant activity is mostly attributed to α-Cadinol, the antibacterial efficiency is attributed to piperitenone oxide, and antifungal capacity is related to cis-Muurola-4(15),5-diene and piperitenone oxide. Accordingly, ML-EO has high potential to be used as an alternative for preserving food and stored grain and protecting them against microbes and insect pests in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and the consequent surge in infections caused by them have become major public health concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit antibacterial properties and have wide applications in biomedical sciences. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized in the presence of antibiotics: Ceftazidime (Cft), Cefotaxime (Cef), Ceftriaxone (Cfx), and Cefepime (Cpm), along with the extract of Mentha longifolia. Mentha longifolia-based AgNPs were kept as the control for all experiments. The associated metabolites, structural properties, surface charges, and antibacterial activity of the AgNPs were also evaluated. Overall, a blue-shift of SPR peaks was observed for control AgNPs (λmax = 421 nm, 422 nm, 426 nm, and 406 nm for Cft-AgNPs, Cef-AgNPs, Cfx-AgNPs, and Cpm-AgNPs, respectively), compared to the control (λmax = 438 nm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that antibiotic-based AgNPs had distinct peaks that corresponded to the respective antibiotics, which were not observed in the control. XRD analysis showed that there were observed changes in crystallinity in antibiotic-based AgNPs compared to the control. TEM images revealed that all samples had spherical nanoparticles with different sizes and distributions compared to the control. The Zeta potential for extract-based AgNPs was − 33.6 mV, compared to -19.6 mV for Cft-AgNPs, -2 mV for Cef-AgNPs, -21.1 mV for Cfx-AgNPs, and − 24.2 mV for Cpm-AgNPs. The increase in the PDI value for antibiotic-based AgNPs also showed a highly polydisperse distribution. However, the antibiotic-AgNPs conjugates showed significantly higher activity against pathogenic bacteria. The addition of antibiotics to AgNPs brought significant changes in structural properties and antibacterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent, affecting almost half of the world's population. Eradicating H. pylori with antibiotics is a global challenge due to medication resistance. Developing new treatment regimens is one of the most important tactics for combating medication resistance. Herbal treatments have attracted a lot of interest recently among the many H. pylori infection adjunct therapies. M. longifolia is an edible plant found in northern Iran; its leaves have traditionally been used to cure gastrointestinal ailments. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) derived from M. longifolia leaves using GC-MS and assess the anti-H. pylori activity of the EO and methanolic extract using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. Results showed that the main components of M. longifolia EO were cis-Piperitenone oxide (67.064%), piperitenone oxide (9.135%), L-Menthone (5.745%), Trans Caryophyllene (5.271%) and Eucalyptol (3.524%). M. longifolia EO exhibited the greatest anti-H. pylori activity (MIC=187 µg/mL), while the methanolic extract was (MIC=1500 µg/mL). The phytochemicals studied in this study have the potential to be utilized as adjuvant therapy with standard antibiotics against H. pylori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild mint, or Mentha longifolia, is a well-known folk treatment. This plant's parts have been employed in Iranian and other traditional medicines. Numerous researches have demonstrated the plant's numerous pharmacological and medicinal properties. In order to review the traditional applications of M. longifolia as well as the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of its complete extract and key components, we prepared this study. An herb called Mentha longifolia has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including effects on the neurological system, gastrointestinal tract, and bacteria. Using Google, PubMed, Scholar, and other web resources, data were gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals (HM) are essential for living cells to maintain their equilibrium. This survey focuses on the problem of medicinal plant contamination due to environmental pollution produced by many different industrial activities and the atmospheric deposition of some toxic compounds. This analysis is important since plants can easily absorb organic and inorganic compounds from all environmental compartments (water, soil, air), which can enter and be transferred in the trophic chain, up to humans. Medicinal plants are relevant for a study about their interactions with different contaminants, in particular those inorganic persistent as HM, because they are used in the entire world for their beneficial properties and represent a significant part of traditional medicine. This review was undertaken to give readers a comprehensive understanding of chemical contaminants, such as HM, which are significant and frequent pollutants of herbal medicines and pose considerable health concerns to the human body. The information was obtained from several sources to figure out the levels of HM in three traditional medicinal plants used in Algeria's Setif region. The gathered data demonstrated that Zygophyllum species, Mentha longifolia, and Thymus vulgaris accumulate higher quantities of HM when cultivated in polluted soil as opposed to unpolluted soil. The data's conclusions imply that these plants contained different hazardous concentrations of HM over the World Health Organization's allowable limits. Rational herb consumption is necessary for a healthy diet. However, the exact mechanisms through which this HM affect human health are not well understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current work was to test the antimicrobial impact of Salvia officinalis and Mentha longifolia collected from Al-Madinah city in Saudi Arabia and extracted by hydrodistillation versus Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC13047), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803), and Aspergillus fumigates (ATCC46645). M. longifolia essential oils showed higher inhibition zones versus tested microorganisms, especially against E. coli and C. tropicalis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of M. longifolia essential oils were determined for M. longifolia, where 3.9 and 62.5 µg/ml were the resulted values of the essential oils versus E. coli and C. tropicalis, respectively. Antioxidant impact of essential oils from both plants was compared using a DPPH assay where, M. longifolia showed the most promising antioxidant action with an IC50 of 88.73 ± 2.59 µg/ml. Transmission electron microscopic examination was applied after treatment of E. coli and C. tropicalis using M. longifolia essential oils, which showed their impact to destroy tested bacterial and fungal microbes as standard drugs. M. longifolia essential oils were further tested versus colorectal cancer cells, showed their cytotoxic impact versus cancer cells with an IC50 of 97.61 ± 1.8 μg/ml and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis, which showed that treated cells by M. longifolia essential oils dramatically elevated their apoptotic rate (P< 0.05) compared to untreated Caco-2 cells. M. longifolia essential oils showed minimal cytopathic action versus Vero cells, which revealed their potency. These results illustrated the possible pleiotropic experimental roles of M. longifolia growing in Al-Madinah City to be applied in pharmaceutical applications after in vivo confirmation of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Mentha longifolia was obtained by hydro- [distillation method and its chemical composition was determined using GC-MS. This oil was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (64.91 %) and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (1.62 %). Piperitenone oxide (62.91 %) was identified as major compound along with limonene; germacrene-D; 1, 8-cineole; piperitenone; linalool propanoate and p-mentha-1, 8-diene-2-one. Piperitenone oxide (PO) was purified from the oil using column chromatography and identified by1D and 2D NMR and GC-MS. Its EO and PO were evaluated at different concentrations (31.25 to 1000 ppm) for their nematicidal activity against M. incognita in lab conditions. These effectively killed the nematodes with LC50/96h values of 92.74 and 34.15 ppm, respectively. In pot study, they were applied to tomato plants as bare root dipping and soil drenching at 1000 and 2000 ppm under polyhouse condition. PO showed promising nematicidal activity and suppressed nematode infestation and multiplication (9.5 galls/root and 11 egg masses/root) on tomato roots compared to EO (13 galls/root and 15.5 egg masses/root) as a soil dresser at 2000 ppm with increased plant biomass and Fluopyrum 400 SC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (6.5 galls/root and 5.2 egg masses/root). Piperitenone oxide showed potent nematicidal activity against M. incognita for the first time and could be used as an alternate to synthetic nematicide against M. incognita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weed control tries to suppress competitors for a crop and often relies on differential intoxication, making use of differences in uptake, development, or metabolism. We explored the possibility of using natural signals to shift competition in favour of the crop. Using the competitive horsemint (Mentha longifolia) as a paradigm, we showed that essential oils from certain mint species suppress the seedling development of different target species in a specific and efficient manner. The specificity concerned both the donor and the receptor. We demonstrated further that the effect of horsemint oil was specific for actin filaments, and not for microtubules. Since the elimination of actin will impair auxin transport, which is essential for root regeneration in vegetatively propagating weeds, we tested the efficacy of horsemint essential oil in combination with a slow-release carrier against field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), a pertinent weed in organic cereal production. We observed that the development of this weed can be specifically blocked, especially if the carrier is worked into the soil. We propose that allelopathic interactions, often relying on manipulative chemical signalling, harbour significant potential for organic weed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemical control is generally used against aphids. The harmful effects of the chemicals used in the control on the environment and human health have contributed to the development of alternative control methods. The main objective of this study was to determine chemical composition of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil obtained from spontaneous plants in Algeria, investigate repellent and con-tact toxicity effect on Aphis craccivora Koch control, and assess the impacts of essential oil on development, survival and reproduction of A. craccivora. Results: The essential oil showed a concentration dependent significant toxic and repellent effects. The highest effect was recorded for 8 μl/ml concentration of essential oil. The repellent effect and mortality rate in 8 μl/ml concentration were 84.37 and 80.66%, respectively. The values of LC50 and LC90 were 1.848 and 26.782 μl/ml, respectively. The effect of essential oil on immature period, adult longevity, natal period, survival, and fecundity was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings in this study showed that the essential oil of M. longifolia harvested in the Tamanrasset region of Algeria has a toxic effect on A. craccivora, and can have a potential to be used as an insecticide to control A. craccivora. The use of environmentally friendly bioinsecticide will enable effective management of A. craccivora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each medicinal herb contains one or more effective materials that are defined for therapeutic use according to the active ingredient of the plant. Since chemical drugs have side effects the value of medicinal plants is still preserved after several centuries. One of these spectroscopic methods for identifying functional groups in medicinal plants is (FTIR). This study aimed to identify the functional groups of Mentha longifolia medicinal plants native to Ilam by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method so that by recognizing the main and effective compounds of plants we can more easily step towards, recognizing and producing biomolecules and herbal medicines. According to the results of spectroscopy, it was found that this plant has 15 spectra, including groups O-H, C-H, C = C, N-O, C-O, S = O, C-Br, and C-I.

Objective: The integration of nanomaterials and herbal medicine has led to the design of new nanocomposites, which are therapeutically more effective. The purpose of this study was to prepare different zinc oxide (ZnO)-based nanoparticles (NPs) via Mentha longifolia extract based on gauze linen fibre and study its effects on wound healing. Methods: The textural properties, morphology, thermal stability, purity, spectroscopic and phase structure of nanoparticles were investigated. Subsequently, male Wistar rats were subjected to wounds in six different treatment groups: Group I: control; group II: ZnO/W prepared in water (W); group III: ZnO/M synthesised with Mentha longifolia (M) extract; group IV: ZnO/copper(II) oxide (CuO)/M nanocomposite synthesised with M extract; group IV: treated with ZnO/silver (Ag)/M nanocomposite; group V: treated with ZnO/Ag/M nanocomposite; and finally, group VI: treated with ZnO/CuO/Ag/M nanocomposite. In all groups, the wounds were treated for 21 days with prepared samples. Every seven days, after measuring the decreasing rate of the wound size, tissue samples from each group were taken for histopathological analysis. The prepared tissue sections were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining for the formation of the epidermis, dermis and muscular tissue, and Masson's Trichrome staining for the formation of collagen fibres. Results: The results showed that the ZnO/CuO/Ag/M nanocomposite was a significantly more effective wound healing material in comparison with other samples (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the integration of ZnO/CuO/Ag nanocomposites with secondary metabolites of Mentha longifolia gave rise to a superior combination, which could support different phases of wound healing via the regulation of cytokines and growth factors in the course of healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentha longifolia L (ML) is locally used as an herbal contraceptive. We aim to assess the toxicity profile and validate the antifertility effects of its leaves in male rats. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10 animals/group) were divided into four groups. The Control group received.9% saline, while groups II, III, and IV received 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg/day ML doses for 28 days. ML induced a dose-dependent decrease in percent fertility as well as the number of pups born in ML preexposed pairs, with maximum change observed in the ML3 group (60%, 3.75 ± 1.25) as compared to control (100%, 8.75 ± .48) group. A significant (P < .01) decrease in the rate of daily sperm production was observed in the ML3 group (.86 ± .16) in contrast to the control (2.93 ± .05). The levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase declined significantly in treatment groups (ML1-P < .001, ML2-P < .05, and ML3-P < .01). A significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (P < .001) was found in all treatment groups. The concentrations of LH (P < .001), FSH (P < .001), and testosterone (P < .001) were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner among ML-treated groups. Decreases in spermatogonial populations, mature spermatids, seminiferous tubule diameter, lumen diameter, and epithelial height were noticed at higher doses. The reversibility study depicted a reduction in both pregnancy outcomes and litter size. Besides contraceptive effects, M. longifolia L usage is associated with oxidative stress; therefore, it is important to consume this herb appropriately and its excessive usage should be prohibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to explore the phytochemical profile, and evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties, of Moroccan Mentha longifolia L. essential oil (ML-EO) using in vitro and in silico assays. Noteworthily, as chromatography (GC-MS/MS) revealed that ML-EO is majorly composed of piperitenone oxide (53.43%), caryophyllene (20.02%), and (−) germacrene D (16.53%). It possesses excellent antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 1.49 ± 0.00 for DPPH and 0.051 ± 0.06 μg/mL for ABTS. Moreover, the RP and TAC activities were 0.80 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 315.532 ± 0.00 mg EAA/g, respectively. ML-EO exhibited a potent antimicrobial effect, specifically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also exhibited strong antifungal ability, especially against Candida albicans. Regarding insecticidal activity, for ML-EO, a dose of 20 µL/mL produced a complete reduction in fecundity, fertility, and emergence of adult C. maculatus with mortality rates reaching 100%. In silico results showed that the antioxidant activity is mostly attributed to α-Cadinol, the antibacterial efficiency is attributed to piperitenone oxide, and antifungal capacity is related to cis-Muurola-4(15),5-diene and piperitenone oxide. Accordingly, ML-EO has high potential to be used as an alternative for preserving food and stored grain and protecting them against microbes and insect pests in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential mechanisms of the absorption and distribution of metals in the aromatic herbs Mentha spicata and Mentha longifolia, as well as their potential for the bioaccumulation of these elements. The herbs were sampled from the slopes of Mount Bjelasica in Montenegro. After the microwave processing of the herb samples and the associated soil, the content of the investigated metals Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Taking average values from various parts of both types of mint, the metals were present in the following descending order: Fe (570 mg/kg) Mn (54.0) Zn (30.6) Cu (27.2) Ni (2.45). The metals under investigation are most commonly present in the roots of the mint, except in the case of Ni in M. longifolia. Manganese is more commonly found in the tissues of M. longifolia than in M. spicata, while the other investigated metals are found relatively uniformly in both types of mint. The bioaccumulation potential of M. spicata, from the soil to the roots, is greatest for Cu and Fe, and generally uniform, with the next highest potential being shown by Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune diseases represent a complex array of conditions where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. These disorders, affecting millions worldwide, encompass a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis to lupus and type 1 diabetes. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) translocator, expressed across immune and other cell types, plays crucial roles in immune disorders and inflammatory diseases. With a realm towards natural remedies in modern medicine for disease prevention, this study investigates the electronic properties and behaviors of bioactive compounds from dietary sources, including Apium graveolens L. (Celery), Coriandrum sativum seeds (Coriander), and Mentha longifolia, as AhR modulators. Through comprehensive analysis (HOMO-LUMO, ESP, LOL, and ELF), electron-rich and -poor regions, electron localization, and delocalization are identified, contrasting these compounds with the toxic AhR ligand, TCDD. Evaluation of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties reveals favorable pharmacokinetics without blood-brain barrier penetration, indicating drug-like characteristics. Molecular docking demonstrates stronger interactions of dietary flavonoid ligands with AhR transcription compared to TCDD. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the stability of complexes and the sustainability of interactions formed. This research underscores the potential of natural compounds as effective AhR modulators for therapeutic interventions in immune-related disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A comparative study was conducted on the essential oils (EOs) chemical composition from two subspecies of wild Mentha longifolia typhoides and schimperi, growing in Egypt, followed by biological investigation of EOs as antibacterial, antiquorum sensing and burn wound healing agents. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of hydro-distillated EOs led to identification of 99 % of oil components. Schimperi oil revealed broadspectrum antibacterial activity with MIC values of 156 ∼ 625 μg/ml, lower than or close to ampicillin. The oil from typhoides exhibited a higher antiquorum-sensing effect. The potential of oils to heal burn injuries was assessed by applying the oils in ointment form to second-degree burn injury in mice for 21 days. Interestingly, skin healing activity in group treated with typhoides oil was more effective than that of the positive control (Silver sulfadiazine 1 %). These results suggest a promising candidate in the area of burn wound healing therapy.

Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., a wild, diploid mint species, has been developed as a model for mint genetic and genomic research to aid breeding efforts that target Verticillium wilt disease resistance and essential oil monoterpene composition. Here, we present a nearcomplete, chromosome-scale mint genome assembly for M. longifolia USDA accession CMEN 585. This new assembly is an update of a previously published genome draft, with dramatic improvements. A total of 42,107 protein-coding genes were annotated and placed on 12 chromosomal scaffolds. One hundred fifty-three genes contained conserved sequence domains consistent with nucleotide binding siteleucine-rich-repeat plant disease resistance genes. Homologs of genes implicated in Verticillium wilt resistance in other plant species were also identified. Multiple paralogs of genes putatively involved in p-menthane monoterpenoid biosynthesis were identified and several cases of gene clustering documented. Heterologous expression of candidate genes, purification of recombinant target proteins, and subsequent enzyme assays allowed us to identify the genes underlying the pathway that leads to the most abundant monoterpenoid volatiles. The bioinformatic and functional analyses presented here are laying the groundwork for using marker-assisted selection in improving disease resistance and essential oil traits in mints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Weed control tries to suppress competitors for a crop and often relies on differential intoxication, making use of differences in uptake, development, or metabolism. We explored the possibility of using natural signals to shift competition in favour of the crop. Using the competitive horsemint (Mentha longifolia) as a paradigm, we showed that essential oils from certain mint species suppress the seedling development of different target species in a specific and efficient manner. The specificity concerned both the donor and the receptor. We demonstrated further that the effect of horsemint oil was specific for actin filaments, and not for microtubules. Since the elimination of actin will impair auxin transport, which is essential for root regeneration in vegetatively propagating weeds, we tested the efficacy of horsemint essential oil in combination with a slow-release carrier against field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), a pertinent weed in organic cereal production. We observed that the development of this weed can be specifically blocked, especially if the carrier is worked into the soil. We propose that allelopathic interactions, often relying on manipulative chemical signalling, harbour significant potential for organic weed control.

Mentha longifolia is an important medicinal and aromatic perennial herb that exhibits wide distribution range from sub-tropical to temperate regions. In the present study, agro-morphological traits and genetic differences in 19 different populations of M. longifolia were studied to evaluate the level and extent of its diversity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the different phenotypic characters show considerable differences among various populations and was significant at p < 0.05. Molecular diversity analysis performed by using arbitrary amplified eleven ISSR primers generated a total of 121 amplicons that range within the size of 200–2500 base pairs (bp). Each primer on average generated 11 amplicons with percentage polymorphism being 100. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed more (64%) among population genetic diversity and less (36%) within the populations. Greater genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.6852) among these populations occurs due to low gene flow (Nm = 0.2297) and greater habitat variability. Geographic and genetic distances were positively correlated according to Mantel's test. In order to remove any kind of biases, we used R software to perform cluster and redundancy analysis to analyse the extent of relatedness among studied populations. In terms of morphological and molecular aspects, the populations were grouped into four and five clusters respectively based on hierarchical clustering method. The results demonstrated that M. longifolia displays a great degree of morphological and genetic variation and can be utilized in breeding, genetic improvement, and gene bank conservation programmes in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each medicinal herb contains one or more effective materials that are defined for therapeutic use according to the active ingredient of the plant. Since chemical drugs have side effects the value of medicinal plants is still preserved after several centuries. One of these spectroscopic methods for identifying functional groups in medicinal plants is (FTIR). This study aimed to identify the functional groups of Mentha longifolia medicinal plants native to Ilam by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method so that by recognizing the main and effective compounds of plants we can more easily step towards, recognizing and producing biomolecules and herbal medicines. According to the results of spectroscopy, it was found that this plant has 15 spectra, including groups O-H, C-H, C = C, N-O, C-O, S = O, C-Br, and C-I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus with consequences of diabetic nephropathy. Here we amined to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of methanolic Mentha longifolia (MML) against serotonin-induced hypoglycemia allied toxicity in the rat model of diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats via alloxan administration and validated by blood glucose level measurement. After that, the animals were treated with serotonin and methanolic extract of Mentha longifolia. Surprisingly, serotonin treatment significantly reduced the glucose levels to hypoglycemic conditions, accompanied by impaired redox defense system, abnormal kidney histopathology, dyslipidemia, and altered level of liver toxicity markers. Interestingly these changes were rescued by the methanolic extract of M. longifolia. The present study suggests that impaired serotonin levels during diabetic conditions may accelerate hypoglycemic allied free radical-dependent abnormalities; however, medicinal plants like M. longifolia can reduce these deleterious effects by scavenging free radicals and their associated toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing resistance of human microbial pathogens to the available antibacterial compounds is a significant threat, resulting in the search for new antibiotic resources such as plants and probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Urtica dioica, Mentha longifolia, and bacteriocin purified from a probiotic bacteria using the standard disk diffusion method against some pathogenic strains. Materials and methods: Ethanolic/methanolic extract of U. dioica, M. longifolia, and bacteriocin from probiotic bacteria were prepared by the standard methods. The effect of different concentrations of the extracts on some antibiotic-resistant bacteria was evaluated using the standard disk diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Results: The disk diffusion test showed that the bacteriocin Lactobacillus casei had more growth inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial strains than the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of U. dioica and M. longifolia. Bacteriocin extract of L. casei exhibited significant antibacterial activity at the concentrations of 12 and 18 mg/mL (P≤0.05) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while a 12 mm zone of inhibition was observed in the concentration of 1.5 mg/mL against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Conclusion: According to the agar well diffusion method results, the bacteriocin producing L. casei has an extensive range of antibacterial spectrum against resistant bacteria. It can be used as an alternative to antimicrobia agents for the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. It is suggested that in future research, the cytotoxicity of the extracts be evaluated in vitro/in vivo studies.

Abstract Background Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections especially in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Accordingly, the aim of our study was to detection of adeABC efllux pump encoding genes and antimicrobial effect of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia and Menthol on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem and ciprofloxacin in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Methods A total of 75 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected. The presence of efflux pump genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia and Menthol and their combined effect with antibiotics were measured by microbroth dilution method and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Results The frequency of adeA, adeB, and adeC genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii were 86.7, 90.7, and 92%, respectively. When the essential oil of Mentha longifolia was combined with ciprofloxacin and imipenem, MICs decreased 4- and 8-fold, respectively. In the combination of menthol with imipenem, the resistance to imipenem was reduced from 0- to 16-fold in 90% (63/70) of the isolates. Conclusion The presence of efflux pump genes in more than 90% of A. baumannii isolates indicates its potential role in inducing imipenem- and ciprofloxacin-resistance in this bacterium. Menthol has an antimicrobial effect as an active ingredient in Mentha longifolia. In the future, the combination of medicinal plants with antibiotics can be used as a complement in treating diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria such as A. baumannii infections.

Study the inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of four medical plants: Mentha longifolia, Mentha spicata, Cyperus rotundus and Nigella sativa (black cumin) against some human pathogenic fungi isolated from different clinical cases, showed that (4) from 14 cases gave positive effect on Aspergillus fumigatus bythe frequency 16.67% Studying the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract against the isolated fungi, showed that aqueous extract of black sead at conc. 30 mg/ml was the best one, which inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus by 87.5%. Alcoholic extracts of black cumin (10 mg/ml), spearmint (15 mg/ml)and horsemint (30 mg/ml) were more effective against A. fumigatus, and inhibited the growth of A.fumigatus completely. Testing some chemical antifungals against the isolated fungus showed that ketoconazole at concentration (3.5 , 3.0 , 2.5 mg/ml) inhibited the growth by the ratio of 100%, 93.0% and 90. 0 % respectively.

Mentha longifolia . is a perennial herb of Mentha in Labiatae. Considering the biological activities of Mentha longifolia essential oils, this work was planned to study the yields, relative percentage content and semi-quantitative change of chemical constituents as well as the biological activities of essential oils extracted by different extraction methods. Steam-distillation (SD), lipophilic solvents (n-hexane) extraction (LSE) and supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SC-CO2) were employed to produce essential oils from Mentha longifolia. The essential oil obtained from LSE (1.21 ± 0.06%, w/w) showed the highest yield. A total of 39 compounds were identified by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major compounds in SD and LSE were carvone, limonene, trans-caryophyllene and α-Terpineol, the major compounds in SC-CO2 were carvone, trans-caryophyllene, trans-β-Farnesene and Germacrene D. All essential oils showed varying degrees of antioxidant and anti-COX-2 activity. The IC50 ranging from (0.69 ± 0.01 ~ 15.61 ± 0.16 mg/mL) for DPPH and (0.16 ± 0.001 ~ 2.19 ± 0.11 mg/mL) for ABTS, SC-CO2 produced essential oil showed the highest scavenging activity both on DPPH and ABTS. Meanwhile, all the EOs showed the strong inhibition activity on COX-2, the EO obtained by SC-CO2 also showed the highest capacity to inhibit COX-2.

In this study, three different ecotypes of M. longifolia collected from Lorestan province, Iran. three habitats including Khorramabad (ecotype 1), Aleshtar (ecotype 2), and Delfan (ecotype 3) counties (ecotype 3) were selected. In addition to analysing the chemical composition of the essential oils, for the first time, the effects of essential oils of these ecotypes against plant pathogenic bacterial including Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas syringae together with Bacillus subtilis , a biocontrol agent, and viability of colon tumour cell (SW742) was evaluated. Results showed that ecotype 1 had the highest concentration of the essential oil. All three bacteria showed the same level of sensitivity to the essential oils of M. longifolia extracted from three different ecotypes. Considering the findings of the effects of essential oils on SW742 tumour cell viability, we can suggest that M. longifolia essential oil obtained from ecotype 3 can be used to reduce the cell viability of SW742 tumour cells. It can be concluded that M. longifolia essential oil can be used to reduce tumour cell viability and their anti-microbial activity against plant pathogens.

Essential oils are well known to act as biopesticides in pest management programs. The main purpose of this research is to explore the insecticidal potential (fumigant and repellent toxicity) of binary mixtures of essential oils extracted from leaves of three Mentha species namely Mentha rotundifolia, M. viridis and M. longifolia collected from north Tunisia against adults of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed quantitative and qualitative variations among oils chemical composition. Three common compounds β-pinene (0.37–1.06%), α-limonene (0.32–18.39%) and pulegone (0.54–68,057%) were detected. Results showed that when applied alone, the oils exhibited a strong gradient of toxicity with M. rotundifolia being the most effective (CL50: 7.67 μL/L air) compared to M. longifolia (CL50: 12.32 μL/L air) and M. viridis oil (CL50: 100.16 μL/L air). In essential oils binary mixtures experiments, the combination M. rotundifolia x M. viridis exhibited the strongest insecticidal activity (CL50: 8.19 μL/L air) followed by M. rotundifolia x M. longifolia (CL50: 12.49 μL/L air) and M. longifolia x M. viridis (CL50: 19.36 μL/L air). Repellent toxicity was highly dependent upon oils binary mixture and concentrations. The mixture M. longifolia x M. viridis was more effective (PR = 40% at the concentration of 0.032 μl/cm2). Overall, this work demonstrates the interest of combing essential oils as a promising alternative to control S. oryzae in storage. This work promotes operating technologies of essential oils to better guide the biopesticide industry towards a sustainable development path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horsemint (Mentha longifolia L), is wild-growing species, widespread in Eurasia and Africa. The review focuses on its potential utilization as a preservative and flavoring in the food industry based on the polyphenolic and terpenoid composition. Several phenolic antioxidants were detected in horsemint, among which rosmarinic acid may have a key role. Nineteen other acids, and fifty-five flavonoids (six which are de novo) were also identified. The antiradical efficacy in horsemint extract has not yet been adequately justified. Similarly, systematic screening of the flavonoid composition of the species is lacking. Horsemint essential oils possesses an outstandingly wide variability in composition which may serve as basis of special flavoring or antimicrobial agents. The efficacy of horsemint volatiles have been demonstrated against more than twenty microbes. As current literature of horsemint lacks comparable results, the present review provides the broadest and therefore, a critical overview, on its most important secondary compounds and the factors influencing their accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effects of oral administration of Mentha longifolia on growth performance, hematological, serum parameters, and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total of 360 rainbow trout (10.48±0.2 g) were divided into 4 groups and fed with supplemented diets with 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % M. longifolia extract in a 4 weeks period. At the end of 4 weeks, 20 fish were selected per treatment and injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml (108 cells/ml) of the bacterial suspension. Results showed a significant increase in the final weight, special growth rate, food conversion efficiency, RBC and WBC count, hematocrit (HCT) value, hemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP) and lysozyme activity in fish fed M. longifolia (especially with 0.2 and 0.3 % concentrations) when compared with control (p

Nowadays, nanoemulsions are considered by many researchers because of their unique physiochemical properties such as small particle size, long-term physical stability and transparency. In this research, fumigant toxicity of Mentha longifolia L. essential oil and its nanoemulsion against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) has been studied. The experiments were conducted at laboratory conditions at 27±2°C temperature, 65±5% relative humidity and darkness. Essential oil of M. longifolia had higher fumigant toxicity than nanoemulsion, during early hours after treatment. The LC50 values of oil and nanoemulsion for the adults of the pest were 10.1 and 16.1 µl/l, respectively. The values of LC50 were 4.9 and 9.4 µl/l for oil and nanoemulsion during incubation period, respectively. In concentration of 25 µl/l, LT50 of M. longifolia essential oil and nanoemulsion were 2.2 and 11.1 days, respectively. In concentration of 10.1 µl/l, essential oil did not have durability, but this parameter of nanoemulsion is good (LT50= 9.04 days). At 9 µl/l of essential oil, the average time for the mortality of 50% eggs was 4.7 days. The LT50 of nanoemulsion at this concentration was 17.09 days. At 4.9 µl/l of nanoemulsion, the LT50 was 12.8 days, while essential oil did not have durability. The average diameter of nanoemulsion particles has been estimated about 10-36 nm by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). By using laser light scattering (SEMATech), this value was 234 nm. Considering obtained results, using nanoemulsion form of M. longifolia essential oil increase its fumigant toxicity and durability.

Objective: Mentha longifolia L. Hudson has been used in folk medicine for various purposes especially for its anti-inflammatory effects. Lymphocytes play a central role in development of inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of M. longifolia on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), as main players in development of inflammation. Materials and Methods: PBLs stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were cultured in the presence of the plant extracts. The effects of the extracts on activation of cells were determined by BrdU assay. The viability of cells was examined by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. Also, IFN-γ (T helper 1, TH1) and IL-4 (TH2) secretion was measured by ELISA. Results: Except for the water extract which had a weak inhibitory effect, treatment of cells with more than 1μg/ml of butanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts resulted in strong inhibition of cells proliferation (IC50 4.6-9.9 µg/ml). Flow cytometry analysis showed that these extracts at ≤10μg/ml were non-cytotoxic. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts at 10 μg/ml decreased IFN-γ production in a dose-dependent manner from 919±91.1 pg/ml in PHA-only-treated cells to 568±22.6 pg/ml (in dichloromethane-treated cells) and 329±12.3 pg/ml (in ethyl acetate-treated cells) (p

Background & Objective: Food poisonings caused by consumption of domestic dairy products such as cheese due to Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) are one of the hygienic problems in foodstuffs. Nowadays, using natural preservatives instead of synthetic preservatives in foods has been regarded increasingly and among these natural compounds, medicinal plants comprise these materials that finding their antimicrobial effects have high priority. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial effect of Thyme (Thymus persicus (and Pennyroyal (Mentha longifolia) alcoholic (ethanolic) and aqueous extracts against isolated bacteria from domestic cheeses. Material & Methods: After preparing Thyme and Pennyroyal, alcoholic (ethanolic) and aqueous, the extract of these plants were gained and their antimicrobial effects were investigated in concentrative levels of 0.39- 100 percent against E. coli and S. aureus isolated from domestic cheese by microdilution method. E. coli PTCC 1270 and S. aureus PTCC 1112 were used as control. Results: Alcoholic (ethanolic) extract of Thyme and Pennyroyal showed more antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus in comparison with Escherichia coli (P0.05). Conclusion: According to current study results, alcoholic (ethanolic) extract of Thyme and Pennyroyal have high antibacterial potency and they can be used as alternative instead of synthetic preservatives for protection against food borne bacterial poisoning and infection.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder manifested by cognitive deterioration where the available treatments failed to delay its progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective activity in an aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD in vivo model and phytochemical profile of the traditional Egyptian herb Mentha longifolia (Ml). Male albino rats were injected with Ml fractions and essential oil for 15 days followed by AlCl3 for 30 days. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers were measured namely: malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, cholinesterase activity was tested and analysis of brain neurotransmitters using HPLC was performed. Results showed that methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions were able to reverse the AlCl3 mediated MDA increase, GSH decrease and exhibited anticholinesterase activity. EaFr reversed the increased levels of NF-κB and NO. Ml fractions and oil counteracted the AlCl3 effect on brain neurotransmitters. Forty metabolites were tentatively characterized in the bioactive fractions using UPLC-PDA- ESI- MS. 5,6,4′-trihydroxy- 3′, 7,8-trimethoxy flavone was isolated from Ml as a first report, in addition to 5,6-dihydroxy- 3′, 4′,7,8-tetramethoxy flavone and rosmarinic acid. These findings suggest that Ml is a promising nutraceutical and source of lead compounds halting AD progression. Practical applications: The results presented in this paper unravels the neuroprotective effect of Mentha longifolia fractions and oil by acting as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant agents, and regulating the levels of neurotransmitters. This provides basic knowledge for the development of Ml as a source of lead compounds and a promising food supplement protective against Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ol, named longifoin A, together with five known compounds, was isolated from the aerial part of Mentha longifolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compound 1 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide induced RAW 264.7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, life table parameters of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) on four organic plants belonging to, Brassicaceae: Siberian (Russian) kale, Brassica napus L. var. pabularia L., Lacianto (Tuscan/Italian) kale, Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia, and Lamiaceae: Spearmint, Mentha spicata L. and Saudi Mint, Mentha longifolia L. were evaluated. The study also aimed to investigate plant nutritional content and morphological characters to explain how plant sources affect the life parameters of TSSM. Plants were cultivated in two organic locations: Giza Governorate (30° 09' 07.0" N, 30° 51' 00.2" E), and Fyoum Governorate (29° 34' 40.9" N, 30° 55' 38.3" E). Experiments were under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 2 °C and 75-80% RH. TSSM had the shortest life cycle, longevity, life span, the highest values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproductive rate (GRR), shortest mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) on Siberian kale (Brassicaceae). Plant leaves were scanned by SEM to determine how plant texture could affect the TSSM's biology. Plant nutritional contents resulted in highly significant differences among the dry material of four tested plants for Nitrogen (N), Phosphor (P), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) and Calcium (Ca). It is concluded that organic plant source, definitely affect life table parameters and behavior of TSSM. Plant-herbivore relation, were significant due to plant nutritional contents and morphological characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate of the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Mentha longifolia collected from different regions of Lorestan province (Khorramabad, Aleshtar, Delfan) and to determine the antibacterial activities against three certain bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli). The chemical profiling of the essential oil was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. GC-MS analysis revealed that essential oil of M. longifolia from Khorramabad region was constituted by pulegone (54.41%) and 1, 8-cineole (22.05%) as a major component. M. longifolia from Aleshtar was rich in piperitenone (29.29%), pulegone (17.53%), piperitenone oxide (14.35%), 1, 8-cineole (14.34%) and the main component of M. longifolia from Delfan was citronelyll acetate (59.93%), aromadrene (5.1%), respectively. A significant correlation between geographical and soil characteristics, except phosphorus and electrical conductivity, with the essential oils components was detected. The results obtained using MIC and MBC showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oil of M. longifolia from studied region was in the range of 0.03-2 mg/mL. The most effective essential oil in bacterial inhibition for E. coli and S. aureus bacteria was the essential oil from Aleshtar and Delfan, respectively. Two bacteria P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were least susceptible to M. longifolia essential oil from Khorramabad region. The essential oil of M. longifolia from different regions of Lorestan provinc exhibited low to high inhibitory activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria,.which depended to the region of collected plants and studied bacterial strains. In this research, three components citronellyl acetat, citronellal and aromandrene was detected in M. longifolia essential oil for the first time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile profile of Mentha longifolia was observed using GC-MS, GC-FID, FT-IR and 13 CNMR. Twenty-two constituents were found to be present in this essential oil, accounting 96.04 (%) of total essential oil and oxegenated monoterpenes were major class of compounds. The key constituents of this essential oil were pieritenone oxide (45.9%), piperitone (17.5%), beta caryophyllene (10.2%), and Germacrene D (5.0%). FT-IR showed peak at 1669 and 1707 cm -1 which may be due to the presence of carbonyl groups. Among the tested compounds, Germacrene D showed highest binding affinity value of -6.8 kcal mol -1 and a pKi value of 6.01. The dsc studies revealed that boiling point of this EO is above 200 °C. Microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) was carried out for the assessment of antimycobacterial activity using isoniazid and nicotinic as reference compound and oil was found to be active within conc. range of 0.8-1.6 μg/mL against mycobacterium tuberculosis, hence can act as a potential candidate against antituberculosis.