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Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Educación is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Educação, Artes & Inclusão is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pacha: Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Abundant clinical evidences indicate that the increased risk of cerebral palsy (CP) may be associated with the intrauterine exposure to maternal infection. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of CP. However, little is known about the relationship between the intrauterine exposure of the fetus to CMV infection and CP. This study aims to explore the relationships between intrauterine CMV infection and clinical symptoms, classification, intelligence development and brain neuroimaging findings in children with CP. Methods In this study, 147 children with CP in recent 6 years were retrospectively analyzed (average age: 14.76 ± 3.07months; sex (M/F): 103/44). 148 children had CMV IgG and IgM positive sera identified by TORCH examination were selected as the control group (average age: 15.10 ± 3.21months; sex (M/F): 102/46), which also undergo the examination of CMV-DNA in urine. The age and sex of children in the control group were matched with those in the CP group. CMV-DNA in urine was detected by CMV fluorescence quantitative PCR, and t-test was performed to analyze the number of copies. For the CP group, standardized rehabilitation treatment was performed and the function of gross motor was evaluated by GMFM scale before and after treatment. The Gesell developmental scale (GDS) was used to assess the level of intellectual development. The classification of CP was conducted and the results of magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed. Finally, the correlations between the copy number of CMV-DNA and the clinical characteristics of children with CP were evaluated by the method of Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis. Results The level of CMV infection was negatively correlated with the developmental quotient (DQ) of children with CP. Negative association was found between the level of CMV infection and the level of the gross motor development. The level of CMV infection was positively related with the occurrence probability of spastic quadriplegia. However, no associations were found between the abnormalities of brain tissue and the number of CMV copies. Moreover, CMV infection might add the difficulty of the rehabilitation treatment. Conclusions CMV infection is a risk factor for the occurrence of CP in children. Pregnancy examination should be strengthened. Early detection and control of CMV infection may contribute to the rehabilitation of children with CP and reduce the disability and social burden.

The present paper offers a theoretical insight regarding the quality of life and health state of people with mental deficiency. Research results regarding the link between physical activity and quality of life of people with mental disorders are discussed. Literature review outlined that physical activity generates major benefits for people with mental deficiency. Conclusions point out the need to implement physical activities that can be performed by people with mental deficiency to increase their quality of life. Public and private stakeholders should cooperate in order to develop specific strategies and policies, as well as adapted programs for people with mental deficiency to maintain their health status and quality of life at a decent level.

Background: Abundant clinical evidences indicate that the increased risk of cerebral palsy (CP) may be associated with the intrauterine exposure to maternal infection. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of CP. However, little is known about the relationship between the intrauterine exposure of the fetus to CMV infection and CP. This study aims to explore the relationships between intrauterine CMV infection and clinical symptoms, classification, intelligence development and brain neuroimaging findings in children with CP.Methods: In this study, 147 children with CP in recent 6 years were retrospectively analyzed (average age: 14.76 ± 3.07months; sex (M/F): 103/44). 148 children had CMV IgG and IgM positive sera identified by TORCH examination were selected as the control group (average age: 15.10 ± 3.21months; sex (M/F): 102/46), which also undergo the examination of CMV-DNA in urine. The age and sex of children in the control group were matched with those in the CP group. CMV-DNA in urine was detected by CMV fluorescence quantitative PCR, and t-test was performed to analyze the number of copies. For the CP group, standardized rehabilitation treatment was performed and the function of gross motor was evaluated by GMFM scale before and after treatment. The Gesell developmental scale (GDS) was used to assess the level of intellectual development. The classification of CP was conducted and the results of magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed. Finally, the correlations between the copy number of CMV-DNA and the clinical characteristics of children with CP were evaluated by the method of Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis.Results: The level of CMV infection was negatively correlated with the developmental quotient (DQ) of children with CP. Negative association was found between the level of CMV infection and the level of the gross motor development. The level of CMV infection was positively related with the occurrence probability of spastic quadriplegia. However, no associations were found between the abnormalities of brain tissue and the number of CMV copies. Moreover, CMV infection might add the difficulty of the rehabilitation treatment.Conclusions: CMV infection is a risk factor for the occurrence of CP in children. Pregnancy examination should be strengthened. Early detection and control of CMV infection may contribute to the rehabilitation of children with CP and reduce the disability and social burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Educa UMCH is the property of Universidad Marcelino Champagnat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper offers a theoretical insight regarding the quality of life and health state of people with mental deficiency. Research results regarding the link between physical activity and quality of life of people with mental disorders are discussed. Literature review outlined that physical activity generates major benefits for people with mental deficiency. Conclusions point out the need to implement physical activities that can be performed by people with mental deficiency to increase their quality of life. Public and private stakeholders should cooperate in order to develop specific strategies and policies, as well as adapted programs for people with mental deficiency to maintain their health status and quality of life at a decent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: BIS (bispectral index) indicates brain activity, and therefore, the depth of general anesthesia. Mentally challenged patients have different degrees of brain impairment and different levels of intelligence; as a result, it is expected that the BIS score of these patients will be different from that of healthy patients during general anesthesia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the BIS score and the severity of mental disability during general anesthesia for dental procedures. Materials & Methods: Forty-four mentally challenged patients were selected and included in this crosssectional descriptive/analytical study. After giving the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test to the patients, they were classified into different groups in terms of the severity of mental disability. After giving and maintaining the same general anesthesia level to the patients, BIS scores were calculated at 5-, 15-, 30- and 45-minute intervals after induction of anesthesia. BIS scores were compared at various degrees of mental deficiency, and possible correlations were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and Spearman’s correlation test with SPSS 22 (α = 0.05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in BIS scores between various degrees of mental deficiency except for the 30-minute interval after the induction of general anesthesia (p value = 0.025). Conclusion: In this study, the severity of mental deficiency did not affect the depth of general anesthesia except for the 30-minute interval after its induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Few researchers have examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating aggressive behaviors among individuals with dual diagnosis (intellectual disability and mental health conditions) due to the relatively recent interest in the field of psychopathology in intellectual disability. This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating aggressive behaviors among clients with dual diagnoses in a community rehabilitation center, Ibadan, Oyo state, and the moderating effects of parenting style and socioeconomic status in the associations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A 2 × 2 × 2 pre-test post-test factorial design was used. Parenting style and socioeconomic status at two levels each moderated the associations. A sample of 22 participants purposively selected was exposed to treatment using cognitive behavioral therapy, while the other five were exposed to placebo treatment all for 8 weeks. Data collected were analyzed using Line Chart and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS: Improvements were found in the post-treatment scores obtained on the Aggressive Scale for Youths. A reduction in the Aggressive Incidents chart was recorded for each participant in the treatment group when compared with the control group, using a line chart and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Evidence also demonstrated that parenting style (authoritarian and authoritative), F (1,14) = 0.75, P

Aims: Many and different tensions that the veteran and disabled athletes always experience during their lives take part in their mental activities. Therefore, one of the most effective methods in the prevention of their mental disorders is to find out the psychological factors that resolve the veteran athletes’ behavioral disorders and problems. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between mental toughness, the stress coping styles, and optimism in the veteran and disabled athletes of the Iranian Sitting Volleyball Super-League. Instrument & Methods: In the correlational descriptive study, 70 male veteran and disable volleyball athletes of the Iranian Sitting Volleyball Super-League were studied in 2014. The subjects were purposefully selected. Data was collected by athlete mental toughness, stress coping styles, and the life-orientation revised test questionnaires. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using correlational Spearman correlation and simple linear regression tests. Findings: The mental toughness significantly correlated with the stress coping styles and the problem-focused, intuitional, and avoidance styles. More than 8% of the changes in the stress coping styles was explained by the mental toughness. The optimism significantly correlated by the mental toughness and the confidence and control components. In addition, more than 18% of the mental roughness changes was explained by the optimism. However, the optimism significantly correlated with the intuitional stress coping style only. Conclusion: The tougher veteran and disabled volleyball athletes cope with stress through better styles. In addition, it is possible to improve mental toughness through the optimism skills trainings.

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The implementation of quality management systems in the private institutions of social solidarity is a recent reality in Portugal, with a practice still rather limited. In this sense the Portuguese Social Security Institute has put to these organizations an imperative quality certification as a form of positive differentiation, launching a remarkable interest in the topic. In this paper we report the results of a study on the evaluation of the impact of implementing the benchmark EQUASS on quality of life of customers of a private social solidarity institution, for the period elapsing between 2012 and 2016. This study was based on the implementation of Gencat Scale, resulting as main conclusion the improvement of the quality of life of these people, especially in "personal development" and "interpersonal relations and rights" dimensions. To this change were decisive requirements underpinning the benchmark, in particular the adoption of the personal development plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism is a behavior disorder with genetic influences indicated from twin and family studies and from the co-occurrence of autism with known genetic disorders. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a known genetic disorder with behavioral manifestations including autism. A literature review of these two disorders substantiates a significant association of autism and TSC with 17-58% of TSC subjects manifesting autism and 0.4-3% of autistic subjects having TSC. In initial data collected on 13 TSC probands and 14 autistic probands in our family study of autism and TSC, we identified 7 TSC subjects with autism. The seven TSC autistic probands are similar to non-TSC autistic probands on the Social and Communication domains of the Autism Diagnostic Inventory (ADI) (Le Couteur et al., 1989), but show fewer Repetitive Rituals. There are more male TSC probands with autism than female, despite an equal sex ratio among TSC probands. The TSC probands with autism have significantly more seizures and mental retardation than those without autism; however, the extent and etiology of associations require further study. Our preliminary findings suggest that a fruitful approach for delineating genetic influences in autism may come from further investigation of possible mechanisms underlying the association of autism and TSC.

Introduction: cerumen impaction can cause symptoms such as tinnitus, dizziness, ear fullness and hearing loss. It is estimated that from 2% to 6% of the adult population has impacted or excess cerumen, with a higher incidence in patients with mental deficiency. Objective: this study aims to evaluate the incidence of impaction cerumen in 400 individuals with mental disabilities. Methods: longitudinal and prospective cohort study. This study included 400 patients aged 13 to 51 years, with a diagnosis of mental disability, associated or not with physical disability; considering gender, age, degree of mental deficiency, physical disability, presence of earwax and association with external auditory canal alterations such as acute external otitis. Results: the presence of impacted earwax in the left ear was found in 33.0% of the sample and in 32.75% in the right ear. In 31% of the individuals found physical disability, spastic paralysis was the one with the highest incidence (15.5%). In relation to the degree of mental deficiency, the severe one was the most incident (41.5%). Among the 165 patients with impacted earwax in the right ear, 25.5% had physical disability and 7.5% had acute external otitis; and among the 161 patients with impacted earwax in the left ear, 27.3% and acute external otitis in 8.25%. Conclusion: mentally handicapped individuals have a significantly higher impact incidence of cerumen than the population. In both ears, it was noted that the higher the degree of mental deficiency, the greater the chance of impacted earwax and acute external otitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychology / Revista de Psihologie is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article uses pupil records and patient files from Toronto, along with other sources, to examine the interconnected rise of special education classes and the complete exclusion from public schools of children labelled with a form of mental deficiency referred to as ‘‘idiocy’’ or ‘‘imbecility’’ or later represented by an intelligence quotient below fifty. It was the first provincial special education laws that also enabled schools to legally exclude some children not just from the new special classes but also from public schooling altogether. Drawing on eugenics and the ideas of mental deficiency experts, school officials justified exclusion by claiming that some types of disabled children were ‘‘ineducable’’ – they could not learn or their presence in schools would harm others’ learning. The article looks at student experiences to show how exclusion curtailed their schooling. It also examines how families responded to the exclusion. Families were historical actors, despite the limitations imposed on them by their circumstances, by the policies and prevailing attitudes about class, gender, and single mothers, and by the nature of their family member’s disability. The article contributes to ‘‘the new disability history,’’ a growing subfield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the school year 2012-2013 a cross-curricular programme was designed by a class teacher and a music teacher in a school for children with special needs in Athens, Greece. The programme was based on the Carl Orff approach. The purpose of this article is to show the advantages and the effectiveness of the elemental music and movement approach when applied in a group of students with special educational needs in a public school for special education. The motivation of the cooperating teachers in selecting this specific group stemmed from the particular challenges that they were facing. The first challenge was the lack of homogeneity among the students. There were children with mental deficiencies, pervasive developmental disorders (autism) and rare syndromes. The second challenge was that the programme focused on only one specific topic that sought to acquaint children with their body and how to relate to it through space and time. The final challenge was the use of music and movement as the main means of achieving the goals of this programme. The goals were both musical and non-musical. The outcomes of the programme were thought to be positive by both teachers. The students worked in a group and their cooperation increased progressively during the programme. They showed progress not only cognitively but also psychokinetically and socially. At the end of the school year, their progress was marked by their participation in the school festival, in a performance of music and movement, which was the result of their efforts all year.

Quando o assunto é o ensino escolar dos alunos com deficiência intelectual, não é raro o questionamento sobre o modo de trabalhar com tais alunos. Para tanto, este artigo procura apresentar uma descrição e uma compreensão acerca das características da deficiência intelectual em relação ao quadro principal de prejuízo cognitivo (as funções intelectuais) e adaptativo (as funções sociais, emocionais e práticas), para, então, definir as possibilidades da prática pedagógica no contexto escolar. O estudo foi construído a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a área da deficiência intelectual, dos transtornos da aprendizagem e do desenvolvimento, da inclusão escolar e do ensino especializado. Embora a deficiência intelectual seja um desafio no ensino escolar em face de seu objetivo curricular, tanto na sala de aula comum quanto no atendimento educacional especializado, é possível estabelecer um contexto pedagógico prolífico tendo em vista os objetivos educacionais de desenvolvimento pessoal e formação acadêmico-profissional, cultural e cidadã. Portanto, fato é que a didática no ensino do aluno com deficiência intelectual precisa ser específica não só em relação às peculiaridades do quadro da deficiência, como também em relação à individualidade de cada sujeito. De qualquer modo, mesmo que a deficiência intelectual não permita sua reversão completa, uma vez que consiste em um desenvolvimento neurológico deficitário, avanços escolares são possíveis.When the subject is the teaching of pupils with intellectual handicap, it is not unusual to question the way of working with them. The present article seeks to show a description and an understanding of the features of intellectual handicap in relation to the wider picture of cognitive (the intellectual functions) and adaptive (the social, emotional, and practical functions) handicap, so as to then define the possibilities of the pedagogical practice within the school context. The study was built based on a bibliographical survey of the field of intellectual handicap, of learning and development disorders, of social inclusion, and of special teaching. Although intellectual handicap poses a challenge to school teaching in view of its curricular objective, both in an ordinary classroom and in specialized educational service, it is possible to establish a fruitful pedagogical context keeping in mind the educational objectives of personal development and academic-professional, cultural and citizenship training. Therefore, it is a fact that the didactics of the teaching of pupils with intellectual handicap needs to be specific, not just with respect to the peculiarities of a handicap situation, but also in respect to the individuality of each subject. At any rate, even if intellectual handicap may not allow its complete reversal, since it consists in a deficient neurological development, school progress is still possible.

Objective: The purpose of the current research is to determine the impact of play therapy on academic achievement of students with mental deficiency of Khorramabad exceptional elementary school. Method: It was a pre-test, post-test study design. 60 students were selected and according to their mental deficiency characteristics were assigned to either experimental or control group. Each group consisted of 30 students. The research tool has been a teacher made achievement tool The collected data, were analyzed by co-variance analysis, and independent T-test. Results: The results showed that; 1) The impact of play therapy on academic achievement of students with mental deficiency was meaningful (p