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Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the postural balance in children with intellectual disabilities who participate in soccer training compared with their sedentary peers. Method: Two groups of boys with intellectual disabilities aged 8–10 years participated in this study: a soccer group (n = 12) and a sedentary group (n = 12). Postural balance was assessed using a force platform under 4 different conditions: open eyes, and closed eyes, on firm and foam surfaces. The Timed Up and Go Test, 10-m Walking Test, and Four-Square Step Test were also conducted. Results: The soccer group had significantly lower (P <.05) center of pressure values compared with the sedentary group, on both firm and foam surfaces, but only under the open eyes condition. They were significantly faster (P <.05) in the Timed Up and Go Test, 10-m Walking Test, and Four-Square Step Test compared with their sedentary peers. However, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups on the sit-to-stand and turn-to-sit phases of the Timed Up and Go Test. Conclusion: Soccer participation may have a positive effect on postural balance in boys with intellectual disabilities. These findings may have implications for the development of exercise programs to improve postural balance and reduce the risk of falls in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effectiveness for reducing stigmatizing attitudes towards mental disability of presenting people who do not have a mental disability with paintings completed by individuals who do have a mental disability. Study participants were placed into one of four groups. Members of the first group were shown 12 paintings created by people with mental disabilities and then asked to complete a questionnaire exploring their attitudes regarding mental disability. Group 2 participants were shown the paintings, additionally spent one minute writing down their thoughts about what it must be like to have a mental disability, and completed the same questionnaire. People in group 3 also wrote down their thoughts about being mentally disabled and filled in the questionnaire, but without having seen the paintings. Group 4 was a control group comprising individuals who simply completed the questionnaire without either viewing the paintings or writing down their thoughts about mental disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a historical perspective on capacity to consent to sex. It examines who could make decisions about sex, whose consent mattered and why. The article draws from legal history and from transcripts and testimonies in unreported sexual offence cases in England, heard in the Central Criminal Court in London and the regional assizes between the years of 1918 and 1950. These cases, often involving vulnerable complainants below the age of consent and those with mental disabilities, show that the concept of capacity was neither fixed nor clearly articulated. The article argues that, historically, capacity was not a biological or medical construct, but rather a social one, influenced by notions of class, gender and even eugenic ideals. The article demonstrates that, during this period, sexual offence law enabled social and population control, and that, despite significant legislative advances, capacity remains a fraught concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19’s impact on quality of life (QoL) has been studied; however, data on the effects of long COVID on QoL and mental disability remain limited. This study aimed to investigate whether long COVID is associated with decreased QoL and increased mental disability. We analyzed data from adults (≥18 years) in the 2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Physical and mental QoL were assessed using the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey, while mental disability was measured with the Kessler Index. Long COVID was defined as experiencing COVID-related symptoms for over 3 months. To account for skewness in the outcome variables, the study employed survey-weighted generalized linear regression with a log link and gamma distribution. The analysis included 153,330,408 subjects (unweighted n = 10,975). The average age of those with and without long COVID was similar (51 vs. 52 years, p = 0.46). Subjects with long COVID had a 3% lower physical QoL (β = −0.03, p = 0.02), a 4% lower mental QoL (β = −0.04, p < 0.01), and a 26% higher mental disability score (β = 0.26, p < 0.01) compared to those without long COVID. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted strategies to address long COVID and support patients in recovering their pre-COVID QoL and mental health.

An increasing number of people are living with Parkinson's disease (PD), which has emerged as a major issue in world health in the last several years. The application of artificial intelligence methodologies has demonstrated encouraging outcomes, therefore emerging as a crucial tool in addressing the early diagnosis of PD. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the identification and monitoring of PD using contemporary technology. This research primarily focuses on the development of advanced diagnostic methods for the early detection of PD, with the aim of effectively managing the condition during its first phases. Our proposed approach can assist professionals in continuously monitoring the PD scale, which is a rating system for PD. The machine learning (ML) techniques used for diagnosing PD included random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, and artificial neural network. The algorithms were evaluated using a standardized dataset obtained from Kaggle, which includes data on PD, sleep behavior disorder, and healthy control subjects. The dataset was partitioned into a training set comprising 70% of the data and a testing set comprising 30% of the data using the proposed ML method. The empirical results show that the RF algorithms score a high percentage of 96% with respect to accuracy. This system facilitates the enhancement of social healthcare quality through the implementation of timely interventions, the improvement of patient outcomes, and the optimization of resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe disability rates of dementia in community residents aged 65 years and over in China, and explore related risk factors of disability. Methods: This study conducted an in-depth data analysis of the China Mental Health Survey. World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) was used to assess dementia disability, Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) and Geriatric Mental Status Examination (GMS) were used for dementia screening and diagnosing. Univariate analysis was used to calculate the weighted disability rates of dementia in population and in patients, and their population distribution. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of the occurrence of dementia disability and its severity. Results: The weighted disability rate of dementia was 2.1% in population, and 38.6% in patients. The disability rates of comorbid dementia in population and in patients were higher than those of patients with only dementia. Female, older age, lower education level, lower economic status, and lower cognitive test scores in CSID had higher disability rates of dementia in population. Female and urban resident had higher disability rates of dementia in patients. Multiple linear regression showed economic status (β=0.11), gender (β = 0. 11), age (β = 0. 10), and treatment in the last 12 months (β = 0.20) were statistically associated with WHODAS 2.0 scores. Multiple logistic regression showed female (OR=2.81) and treatment in the last 12 months (OR = 2.38) were statistically associated with disability. Conclusions: Persons with low economic status, female and elderly people are the high-risk groups for dementia disability. It should be paid attention to prevent dementia and its consequential disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe functional disability rate of anxiety disorders in Chinese community adults and explore related risk factors of functional disability. Methods: To conduct in-depth data analysis on China Mental Health Survey (CMHS). The diagnostic tool for anxiety disorders was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3. 0, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, 2nd edition, was the functional disability assessment standard for anxiety disorders. Weighted 12-month functional disability rate of DSM-IV anxiety disorder with comorbidities and only anxiety disorder in population and those in patients, as well as days of partial disability were calculated. The effects of anxiety disorders comorbid other mental disorders and physical diseases and demographic factors on the severity and occurrence of functional disability were analyzed by multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Results: The functional disability rate of anxiety disorder with comorbidities in population was 1.7%, and 42.2% in patients, in which constituent rate of grade-four disability was the highest as 84.1%. The functional disability rate of only anxiety disorder in population was 0.3%, and 17.8% in patients. The medians of days of partial disability days in the past 30 days were from 0 to 14. 42. Multiple linear regression showed a positive association between comorbid anxiety disorder with other mental disorders and physical diseases (β= 0.24), comorbid other mental disorders and physical diseases (β=0.21), physical diseases (β=0.18), comorbid anxiety disorder and physical diseases (β = 0. 15), comorbid anxiety disorder with other mental disorders (β=0.08), other mental disorders (β = 0.07), only anxiety disorder (β = 0.06), lower education level (β=0.12), lower economic status (β=0.08), older age (β=0.06), non-marital status (β=0.06), male (p=0.02) and the severity of functional disability. Logistic regression showed that comorbid anxiety with other mental disorders and physical diseases (OR = 64.07), comorbid anxiety disorders with other mental disorders (OR = 36.75), comorbid other mental disorders with physical diseases (OR = 20. 60), comorbid anxiety with physical diseases (OR = 18. 88), anxiety disorder (OR = 9. 20), other mental disorders (OR = 6.65), physical diseases (OR =4.00), 65 years old and over (OR = 4. 40), 50 to 64 years old (OR = 2.33), low economic status (OR = 2. 10), illiterate and below primary school educational level (OR = 1.89), middle economic status (OR = 1.70), elementary school educational level (OR = 1.59), nonmarital status (OR = 1.47), male (OR = 1.16) were the risk factors of the occurrence of functional disability. Conclusion: Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and other mental disorders, and physical diseases increases severity and occurrence of functional disability. Comorbidity, male, gender, older age, lower economic and educational level and non-marital are risk factors of anxiety disorder functional disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Our aim was to explore the predictive value of Return-to-Work-Readiness Questionnaire (RTW-RQ) among patients with mental disability. Material and Methods: The cohort consists of 129 patients undergoing psychiatric assessment for work ability. RTW-RQ was used to assess self-perceived functional capacity concerning return-to-work. The questionnaire comprises an equal appearing interval scale (0–10) and qualitative questions related to facilitating and hindering factors towards return-to-work. Work status was measured at one-year. Results: At one-year follow-up, 31 patients (24%) had returned to competitive employment (CE) and 81 (63%) were considered able to work. The mean score for RTW-RQ was 4.8 (SD 3.9) for patients having returned to CE, and 1.9 (2.7) for those having not returned. Medium and high RTW-RQ scores predicted return to CE compared to those with a low score (scores 2–4: OR 3.1, 95% 0.8–12.4; scores 5–10: OR 52.8, 95% 6.0–461.7). Health and work-related facilitating factors were positively associated with RTW-RQ and seemed to predict return to CE (OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.6–9.4, and OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.6–9.0, respectively). On the other hand, health-related hindering factors were negatively associated with RTW-RQ and seemed to predict return to CE (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.1–3.3). Results were similar regarding work ability. Conclusions: RTW-RQ seem to predict return to competitive employment and work ability within one year among patients with mental disability. It also seems crucial to recognize facilitating and hindering factors in order to succeed in rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19's impact on quality of life (QoL) has been studied; however, data on the effects of long COVID on QoL and mental disability remain limited. This study aimed to investigate whether long COVID is associated with decreased QoL and increased mental disability. We analyzed data from adults (≥18 years) in the 2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Physical and mental QoL were assessed using the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey, while mental disability was measured with the Kessler Index. Long COVID was defined as experiencing COVID-related symptoms for over 3 months. To account for skewness in the outcome variables, the study employed survey-weighted generalized linear regression with a log link and gamma distribution. The analysis included 153,330,408 subjects (unweighted n = 10,975). The average age of those with and without long COVID was similar (51 vs. 52 years, p = 0.46). Subjects with long COVID had a 3% lower physical QoL (β = −0.03, p = 0.02), a 4% lower mental QoL (β = −0.04, p < 0.01), and a 26% higher mental disability score (β = 0.26, p < 0.01) compared to those without long COVID. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted strategies to address long COVID and support patients in recovering their pre-COVID QoL and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The ways in which words are used to describe and discuss people with disabilities has long been an area of social concern. Previous research has demonstrated that language can overtly and subtly influence cognitions and perceptions of individuals, but there is less research on how language relates to perceptions of individuals with disabilities. Materials and methods: A content analysis of 236 peer-reviewed articles was performed to explore differences in the frequency of the use of "disability," "disorder," and "illness" in academic articles related to eight common conditions: deafness, blindness, multiple sclerosis, quadriplegia, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and addiction. Results: Results indicated that there were differences in how disability language was used by academic writers. Specifically, "disability" appeared in the writing more frequently in articles related to physical disabilities, "disorder" appeared most frequently in articles related to anxiety and depression, and "illness" appeared most frequently in articles related to schizophrenia. Conclusions: This observed difference in frequency use could reflect differences in the context and meaning of the use of these conditions. Suggestions for future research are discussed. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The way individuals write and talk about conditions may indicate the way they think about the conditions. When compared to articles written about physical conditions, the term "disability" is used less by academic writers than when discussing mental conditions. This suggests that academic writers may view mental conditions as less "prototypical" disabilities (compared to physical conditions). Careful consideration should be given to the language used when discussing all types of disabilities. When writers, media professionals, policymakers, and the public are educated on the diverse range of conditions and the unique challenges they present to individuals, only then can rehabilitation be truly comprehensive and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Talking about sexuality in a health care total institution is not an easy task insofar as it contributes to the disclosing of the subjective and cultural postures of professionals, in contexts still marked by the absence or lack of professional training on this subject. Talking about sexuality can also endanger or challenge the institution. This paper presents a secondary analysis of what is presented as a form of "clinical ethnography". The materials used in this study were collected in 1996–1997, in the context of a crisis situation caused by the revelation of illicit sexual relations between a head special educator and a young woman labelled as mentally handicapped, in a care institution. In the course of a psychosociological intervention carried out in response to a request from the management of the institution, professionals from different categories were able to express themselves on these "events" and to address, more generally, issues related to sexuality in the institution. The sessions, moderated by the author of the study and a psychoanalytic research assistant, were recorded and transcribed for subsequent feedback to participants. The thematic content analysis of the transcripts of the sessions allowed for a better understanding of the psychosocial obstacles to communication about sexuality, the subjective difficulties related to speaking out, the phenomena of denial of sexuality, as well as the representations of sexuality in institutional situations. The documents discussed here invite reflection on the complexity of collecting information and stories about sexuality in institutional settings. They explore communication processes and, in particular, the difficulties of communicating about sexuality and sexual abuse in institutions in the health and social sector. This study suggests ways in which clinical support can be provided to teams affected by and confronted with traumatic events and the personal and professional difficulties that may arise from such situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parler de sexualité dans une institution de soins n'est pas chose aisée dans la mesure où cela contribue au dévoilement des postures subjectives et culturelles des professionnels, dans des contextes encore marqués par l'absence ou les lacunes de formation professionnelle à ce sujet. Parler de sexualité peut aussi mettre en danger ou en cause l'institution. Cet article propose une analyse secondaire de ce qui se présente comme une forme d'« ethnographie clinique ». Les matériaux mobilisés dans ce travail ont été recueillis en 1996–1997, dans le contexte d'une situation de crise suscitée par la révélation de relations sexuelles illicites entre un éducateur-chef et une jeune femme désignée comme handicapée mentale, dans une institution de soins. C'est au cours d'une intervention psychosociologique menée en réponse à une demande de la direction de l'établissement que des professionnels de différentes catégories ont pu s'exprimer sur ces « événements » et aborder de façon plus générale les questions liées à la sexualité dans l'établissement. Les séances de travail animées par l'auteur de l'étude et une assistante de recherche psychanalyste ont fait l'objet d'une prise de notes et ont été retranscrites pour être ensuite restituées aux participants. L'analyse de contenu thématique des retranscriptions des séances a permis de mieux comprendre les obstacles psycho-sociaux à la communication sur la sexualité, les difficultés subjectives liées à la prise de parole, les phénomènes de négation de la sexualité ainsi que les représentations de la sexualité en situation institutionnelle. Les documents discutés ici invitent à la réflexion sur la complexité du recueil d'informations et de récits sur la sexualité, explorent les processus de communication et notamment les difficultés à communiquer autour des questions de sexualité et d'abus sexuels dans des institutions du secteur sanitaire et social. Ce travail propose des pistes de travail clinique d'accompagnement des équipes concernées et confrontées à des événements traumatiques et aux difficultés personnelles et professionnelles qui surgissent de ces situations. Talking about sexuality in a health care institution is not an easy task insofar as it contributes to the disclosing of the subjective and cultural postures of professionals, in contexts still marked by the absence or lack of professional training on this subject. Talking about sexuality can also endanger or challenge the institution. This paper presents a secondary analysis of what is presented as a form of "clinical ethnography." The materials used in this study were collected in 1996-1997, in the context of a crisis situation caused by the revelation of illicit sexual relations between a head special educator and a young woman labelled as mentally handicapped, in a care institution. In the course of a psychosociological intervention carried out in response to a request from the management of the institution, professionals from different categories were able to express themselves on these "events" and to address, more generally, issues related to sexuality in the institution. The sessions, moderated by the author of the study and a psychoanalytic research assistant, were recorded and transcribed for subsequent feedback to participants. The thematic content analysis of the transcripts of the sessions allowed for a better understanding of the psychosocial obstacles to communication about sexuality, the subjective difficulties related to speaking out, the phenomena of denial of sexuality, as well as the representations of sexuality in institutional situations. The documents discussed here invite reflection on the complexity of collecting information and stories about sexuality in institutional settings. They explore communication processes and, in particular, the difficulties of communicating about sexuality and sexual abuse in institutions in the health and social sector. This study suggests ways in which clinical support can be provided to teams affected by and confronted with traumatic events and the personal and professional difficulties that may arise from such situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely assumed that severe mental disabilities prevent relevant deliberative capacities from developing or persisting. Accordingly, excluding many people with mental disabilities from discourse practices seems justified. Against this common assumption I wish to show that the general exclusion is not justified and amounts to a form of epistemic injustice, as theorised by Miranda Fricker. The received norm of capable deliberators is connected to a specific model of deliberation. I introduce an alternative model of deliberation, which I dub the joint effort model. According to this model, people with minority minds (as I call them) add valuable cognitive diversity to the process of deliberation, which is a relevant element of epistemic improvement. In this part of the argument I rely on empirically informed theoretical work by Hélène Landemore. I scrutinise the minimal requirements of capable deliberators from the perspective of a joint effort model of deliberation, and I highlight specific beneficial contributions people with minority minds can make to discourse practices. I will argue that people with minority minds can be presumptively deemed capable deliberators and that therefore their general exclusion is unjustified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We perform special-need dental treatment at outpatient department (OPD), under general anesthesia (GA) when necessary, and provide domiciliary dental care. We aim to evaluate the profile and the characteristics of special needs patients (SNPs). Materials and methods: We consecutively enrolled 3117 SNPs from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022. Eighty patients with rare or genetic diseases were excluded. Demographic data were retrospectively collected. Results: There were totally 3037 SNPs (mean age: 48.2 years; range, 1-100; male-to-female ratio, 1.5); 89.1% (n = 2705) SNPs received dental care at the OPD (OPD-SNPs), 7.9% (n = 239) received dental treatment under GA, and 3.0% (n = 93) received domiciliary dental care. Among those SNPs who received dental treatment under GA (n = 239), 91.2% (n = 218) were mental/intellectual disabled, and most underwent cavity filling (69.5%) and dental extractions (56.5%). OPD-SNPs with mental/intellectual disabilities (n = 1340) received significantly more items of dental treatment than those without (n = 1365). SNPs with more severe disabilities received more fluoride application and ultrasonic scaling (both p < 0.001, trend tests). Interestingly, among OPD-SNPs with mental/intellectual disabilities (n = 1340), more severe patients received more fluoride application (p < 0.001) and ultrasonic scaling (p < 0.001) but fewer root canal treatment (p = 0.007, trend test). Conclusions: GA benefited SNPs with more dental procedures, including invasive items. SNPs with mental/intellectual disabilities can tolerate more measures and SNPs with more severe mental/intellectual disabilities received more preventive measures but less invasive measures. Similarly, more severe SNPs with other disabilities received more preventive measures but not invasive measures. Clinical relevance: Our findings may provide useful information for special needs dentists and for doctor-patient communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article analyses the subjectively perceived quality of life of adult patients with mental and behavioural disorders, and its relationship to the certification of day care institutions according to the EQUASS quality implementation system and the links with health services provided to adults with disabilities. The aim of the research is to investigate the correlations between the subjectively perceived quality of life of patients with mental and behavioural disorders and the health services provided. The article presents a research study involving 13 respondents (seven men and six women) with mental and behavioural disorders. Qualitative research with the in-depth interview method was applied. The respondents ranged in age from 20 to 48 years (the mean age was 32), all of them had attended the day care centre for from one to 20 years (the average attendance was 7.5 years). The research data were processed using narrative analysis. The research results revealed that adults with mental and behavioural disorders perceive the health system integratively. The essential triangulation that influences the assessment of their subjectively good quality of life was identified: the characteristics of the person himself/herself, the efficiency of services provided, and the professionalism of the employee. It was also found that for respondents receiving inpatient services for ten years or more, the subjectively perceived quality of life is related to social participation in the community. It was also identified that adults with mental disabilities still face stigmatisation; therefore, it is necessary to legally ensure the context of their social participation and valorisation. The research revealed that medical and social services for patients with mental and behavioural disorders require closeness: a person after in-patient treatment and receiving additional psychosocial rehabilitation services focuses on the valorisation of his/her role in society and social participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to understand and deepen the needs of families and schools with mentally disabled children in forming social relationships, and to evaluate the perceptions of parents regarding the roles they assume in the socialization of their mentally disabled children. This qualitative research utilized semi-structured interviews as a data collection tool, conducting interviews with a total of five parents. These interviews have identified significant details of experiences. The research was conducted in Ankara in May 2018. The sampling used in the research is snowball sampling. Five parents of children with disabilities participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with individuals using a semi-structured interview form. In-depth interviews with parents lasted 40-50 minutes on average. A voice recorder was used during the interviews. The voice recordings obtained as a result of the interviews within the scope of the research were transcribed. The data collected with the semistructured interview form were subjected to descriptive analysis and then thematic coding was performed. Among the results obtained, it was found that there is a need to integrate children into daily social activities within the family, as children spend most of their time with their families or at school. The need for responding to negative situations, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts in schools is clearly visible. Occasionally, mentally disabled children may exhibit aggressive behaviors that do not facilitate their relationships with peers at school. As a conclusion of the study, it has been determined that families need to implement parenting practices that promote socialization habits. For example, it has been observed that communication that starts within family interactions, such as asking politely, expressing gratitude, discussing, and sharing with other people around, will be beneficial. In schools, there is a necessity for teachers to work closely and complementarily with families and to empower children in negotiation and mediation for the peaceful resolution of conflicts. In addition, it was determined that it is important that not only parents and the school environment but also the socio-cultural environment in which children with intellectual disabilities live should be sufficiently conscious, knowledgeable and sensitive about disability in researching the social interactions of children with intellectual disabilities, and it was emphasized that the policies to be created by both official and voluntary non-governmental organizations are important in this interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal of Law Sciences (JLS) is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to reveal the degree of availability of comprehensive quality standards in programs to integrate mental disability in the Hail region from the point of view of teachers, and whether there are statistically significant differences in the answers of the study sample members to the degree of availability of comprehensive quality standards in programs to integrate mental disability in the Hail region from the point of view Teachers are attributed to the variable (years of experience and academic qualification). The descriptive approach was relied upon, and the size of the study sample was (99) male and female teachers of students with mental disabilities who were selected using a purposive sampling method. In its results, the study concluded that comprehensive quality standards are available in programs to integrate mental disability in the Hail region from the point of view of teachers to a moderate degree, and there are no statistically significant differences in the extent of the availability of comprehensive quality standards in programs to integrate mental disability in the Hail region from the point of view of teachers due to both the years variable. Experience, different academic qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to investigate the impact of neuromuscular training (NMT) on static and dynamic postural balance (PB) among high‐level male runners with intellectual disability. Method: Twenty‐seven runners were randomly assigned to a NMT group and a control group who maintained their conventional training. Static and dynamic PB were assessed using the centre of pressure (CoP) excursions (in bipedal and unipedal stances under open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) conditions) and the star excursion balance test (SEBT), respectively, at pre‐training and post‐training. Results: The NMT group showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CoP values and increased SEBT scores at post‐training compared to pre‐training. The switch from OE to CE did not affect static PB in the bipedal stance, only in the NMT group. Conclusions: The NMT was effective in improving static and dynamic PB in runners with intellectual disability. The NMT could reduce visual dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society (BRAJETS) / Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade (CETS) is the property of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society - BRAJETS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social farming and "inclusiveness"-related terminology have become more and more often encountered in literature, across domains, as a result of widespread efforts towards sustainable societies in the future. A case in point is also the vocabulary around social farming education, which upholds the therapeutic effect of farms, gardens, and rural access in a more socially inclusive manner. Social farming is a valuable novelty in Romania because it allows groups of disabled people to access policy and program alternatives to improve their situation; it maximizes clients' efforts in exploring options and choices, in becoming more effective in their relationships with agencies, bureaucrats, and professionals involved in this type of farming. The study analyzes the corpus of linguistic items used in this domain and other terms related to quality of life. This study aims at defining and describing social farming, and at identifying its goals, its beneficiaries at both social and individual levels, the types of mental disabilities targeted, and the types of therapies involved. The research method used is the bibliographic one. The authors hope this study will motivate decision-makers to implement the principles of social farming in Romania as they have already done in other sectors (industry and services) of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport for All & Recreation / Herkes Için Spor ve Rekreasyon is the property of Journal of Sport for All & Recreation / Herkes icin Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışma, deliliğin kültürel temsilini bir sosyal içerme meselesi olarak sorunsallaştırarak yerli televizyon anlatılarında delilik söylemlerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, üretilen söylemlerin yaşanmış deneyimi olan kişileri ne dereceye kadar failliklerini ve deneyimin kolektif boyutlarını öne çıkaracak şekilde güçlendiren veya kişileri nesneleştirme ve deneyimi bireyselleştirme yoluyla güçsüzleştiren mesajlar ürettiğini incelemektedir. Deliliğe dair popüler anlatılar, deliliği bir hastalık veya anomalite olarak gören tıbbi söylemin hakimiyetindedir. Tıbbi perspektiften çerçevelenen bu temsiller, deneyimi bireyselleştirdiği ve karmaşıklığını görünmez kıldığı gerekçesiyle deliliği sosyokültürel perspektiften incelemeyi öneren disiplinlerce eleştirilmiştir. Literatür, son yıllarda televizyon ve sinema anlatılarında deliliğin tıbbi temsillerinin yanı sıra deneyimin farklı katmanlarını ortaya çıkaran sunumlarının da belirmeye başladığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, bu verilere dayanarak yerli televizyon anlatılarında delilik temsillerinin çeşitlenip çeşitlenmediğini incelemek için son yılların en popüler televizyon dizilerinden biri olan “Kırmızı Oda”ya odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma engellilik çalışmalarının sunduğu eleştirel perspektiften yararlanarak Kırmızı Oda dizisini Eleştirel Söylem Analizi yöntemiyle çözümlemektedir. Bulgular, Kırmızı Oda dizisinin klişelerin ötesinde bazı alternatif söylemler sunmasına rağmen deliliği baskın bir şekilde hastalık, anomalite ve kişisel bir trajedi olarak çerçeveleyerek hakim söylemleri yeniden ürettiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, engellilik çalışmalarının eleştirel perspektifini kullanarak, delilik hakkında üretilen popüler anlamları, ayrımcılık, erişilebilirlik ve savunuculuk temaları ile ilişki içinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Savant syndrome is a very rare, but extraordinary condition where persons with significant mental disability, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have some impressive abilities, which are markedly incongruous contrast to overall handicap. In fact, as many as one in 10 autistic persons have such remarkable abilities in varying degrees, although savant syndrome occurs in other developmental disabilities or central nervous system (CNS) injury or disease as well. "Autistic savant" refers to individuals with ASD who have extraordinary skills not exhibited by most normal persons. This is an extremely rare phenomenon, although there are several well-documented cases. Here, we are reporting a case of a 29-year-old male patient; as per informants, he had complaints of low intelligence, remaining aloof and withdrawn, not being able to interact properly within the family and in society, wandering aimlessly, self-mutilating behavior, odd behavior such as collecting matchboxes and toys, tearing his own clothes, suggestive of ASD. The patient can tell the day on a given date of a particular year in seconds, suggesting that he has autistic savant abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health professionals and caregivers alike agree that children with disabilities, whether acquired or developmental, have the right to receive proper rehabilitation, in order to obtain their maximal functioning potential and lead a normal life. Aim of the study This paper aims to review the main challenges faced by paediatric dentists in the management of children with various intellectual disabilities, and formulate a set of recommendations and guidelines designed to enhance disabled patients’ trust in dental therapists, while enabling the latter to successfully carry out specific oral health procedures on this group of vulnerable individuals. Material and methods A review of available literature was performed, searching MedLine and PubMed databases for terms like: children, intellectual disability, prevention, dental treatment. Results Difficulties that arise in the context of dental management of a disability may be overpassed with a few techniques and methods available for the general dentist and the paediatric dentist alike. Conclusions Educating the paediatric dentist regarding the most common oral manifestations of intellectual disabilities is important, and guidelines are necessary in order to properly manage the dental treatment of this population group.

Introduction: Oral health is extremely important for the quality of life and well-being. Findings reveal that people with special needs have difficulties in getting dental care, which increases their risk of oral diseases. The recommendations for dental examination are identical for patients with and without neurological impairment. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of caries and overall dental health among children with motor and mental disabilities in Northeastern Bulgaria. Methods: A total of 53 children with neurological impairment under the age of 18 were selected from Varna and Ruse from April to October 2017. Data on age, gender, height, weight, caregiver education level were collected. Information on oral hygiene behavior and diet was gathered as well. The 2013 World Health Organization standards for dental caries were used to assess the oral health status. The data were analyzed with the statistical package Jamovi v.2.2.2.0. Results: Children were divided into two groups – with predominantly motor or mental impairment. Both groups had high rates of caries and need for urgent dental treatment with no significant difference observed. The CPITN correlated positively with motor impairment (Spearman's rho= 0.393; p= 0.043). It was discovered that children with motor impairment had a higher prevalence of malocclusion than children with mental impairment (rho= -0.331; p= 0.016). The number of caries correlated as well with the type of occlusion (Spearman's rho=0.378; p=0.005), the dentition type (rho=0.343; p=0.012) and the age (rho= 0.372; p= 0.006). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that both types of neurological impairments were associated with a high frequency of caries and a significant need for urgent dental care. More frequent dental examination is thought to improve oral health. Nevertheless, more studies are required to substantiate this theory.

INTRODUCTION: The problem of disability in the modern world affects a significant number of people of different ages. Mental disability is a disorder characterised by limitations in a person's intellectual functioning, social, and adaptive behavior, appearing before the age of 18. According to a report published in 2022, there were 897 social welfare homes in Poland, of which there were up to 16,412 residents with disabilities. Interventions in emergency medical services for mentally disabled patients require an interdisciplinary approach. The purpose of the study is to attempt to outline the profile of a patient with mental disabilities from the perspective of the emergency medical services (EMS) team, as well as to indicate the characteristics of calls to social welfare homes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 125 patients who were treated by emergency services at the "Pomocna Dłoń" Social Welfare Home (SWH) in Wirów (central Poland). Data on the time of call, urgency code, type of team dispatched, and reason for call were analysed. The following data were extracted from all information about patients: age, gender, medical rescue procedures performed, supply of sedatives to patients, diagnosis, and destination of patient transport. In the statistical analysis, the significance threshold was established at p

In Korea, diabetes mellitus has a high disease burden, based on disability-adjusted life years. However, the disease burden is disproportionately distributed, with people with disabilities (PWD) experiencing higher rates of health disparities. Our study investigated long-term trends in diabetes prevalence and risk according to disability status, grade, and type. Retrospective cohort study. Approximately 10 million individuals aged ≥30 years were included yearly from the National Health Information Database (NHID) and national disability registration data in Korea between 2008 and 2017, corresponding to 40 % of those aged ≥30 years in Korea. In 2017, 12, 975, 757 individuals were included; 5.5 % had disabilities. We estimated annual diabetes age-standardized prevalence and used multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds of having diabetes in 2017, according to disability status, severity, and type. Diabetes age-standardized prevalence consistently increased over 2008–2017 in PWD and people without disabilities. However, the prevalence increased more rapidly and was higher in all years among PWD, with widening disparities based on disability status. Additionally, diabetes prevalence was high in all years for specific subgroups, including women, individuals with intellectual or mental disabilities or autism, and individuals with severe disabilities, suggesting further disparities among PWD. Our findings reveal health disparities between those with and without disabilities and among PWD subgroups. In addition to timely prevention, diabetes screening and management among PWD is vital. Public investment in improving disparities in the root causes of diabetes is essential, including health behaviours, healthcare utilization, and self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Erciyes Communication / Erciyes İletişim Dergisi is the property of Erciyes University, Faculty of Communication / Erciyes Universitesi Iletism Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work seeks to discuss the provisions of article 217-A, § 1°, of the Penal Code in relation to the Statute of Persons with Disabilities (Law n. 13.146/2015), specifically with regard to the freedom of mentally disabled people to have sexual relations. In light of the deductive approach method and the bibliographical documentary research procedure, a systematic analysis of the aforementioned legal provisions was carried out, in order to demonstrate that the conflict between the norms is only apparent and that the Statute of Persons with Disabilities in no way interferes in characterizing the crime of rape of a vulnerable person, it is necessary, in fact, to determine, in each case, whether the illness or mental disability that a certain individual suffers from causes the lack of discernment to consent to the practice of the sexual act. It is also highlighted throughout the work that sexual freedom is one of the rights of personality and is one of the aspects of the Principle of Human Dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Schizophrenia is considered as one of the top 10 leading causes of disability and life survival time threatening, which is the main cause of mental disability. There are relatively few researches on early intervention and health management for patients with mental disability in China and abroad. In particular, there is a lack of research on interventions for mental disability at different time points in China. Objective To explore the effect of disability point matching (DPM) intervention programme based on intervention mapping theory on degree of disability, negative symptoms, insight, self-esteem level and family function in patients with schizophrenia disability. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was used in the research. The patients at P1 (disability1~0.05), there were main effects and interaction effects of time and group in the APGAR score at P1 after DPM intervention (P>0.05). WHO-DASⅡ and PANSS-N scores were lower and ITAQ (P>0.05), SES, and APGAR scores were higher in the intervention group than the control group at after 8 weeks of intervention, 3 months after 8 weeks of intervention and 6 months after 8 weeks of intervention (P

There is clear evidence that people with mental disability suffer from discrimination at school, at work, and in society. Less is known about the psychological processes and perceptions that guide such behaviors and even less if these perceptions vary according to the type of disability. Our objective was to build on well-established social psychological models and investigate the perceptions (i.e., stereotypes, perceived threats, and emotions) of people towards different types of mental disability. Participants from two francophone countries completed a questionnaire measuring their perceptions towards 18 mental disabilities and their familiarity with disability (N = 560). As expected, results revealed heterogeneous perceptions across groups. Moreover, perceived threats mediated the link between the stereotype of warmth and emotions. Surprisingly, greater familiarity with mental disability went along with greater derogation. This research nuances the overly generalized perceptions often associated with mental disability. We discuss implications for the reduction of discrimination against people with mental disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurological disorder and mental disability that causes memory loss and cognitive decline, presenting a major challenge to public health due to its impact on millions of individuals worldwide. It is crucial to diagnose and treat Alzheimer's in a timely manner to improve the quality of life of both patients and caregivers. In the recent past, machine learning techniques have showed potential in detecting Alzheimer's disease by examining neuroimaging data, especially Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This research proposes an attention-based mechanism that employs the vision transformer approach to detect Alzheimer's using MRI images. The presented technique applies preprocessing to the MRI images and forwards them to a vision transformer network for classification. This network is trained on the publicly available Kaggle dataset, and it illustrated impressive results with an accuracy of 99.06%, precision of 99.06%, recall of 99.14%, and F1-score of 99.1%. Furthermore, a comparative study is also conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method against various state-of-the-art techniques on diverse datasets. The proposed method demonstrated superior performance, outperforming other published methods when applied to the Kaggle dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This opinion piece advocates for literature courses that examine the United States' mental health crisis from the perspective of neurodiverse writers. This is not a short‐term solution to the crisis, but over time courses can have a powerful impact on students' attitudes toward and understanding of mental illness. Courses engaging in this work will advance the cause of social justice and the full inclusion of neurodiverse students and faculty in our classrooms and on our campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe functional disability prevalence of mood disorders in Chinese adults and explore related risk factors of disability occurrence in order to provide scientific evidence of policy making on disability rehabilitation. Methods: The current study was in-depth data analysis of China Mental Health Survey. Weighted 12-month functional disability prevalence of mood disorder with comorbidities and single mood disorder in population and those in patients, and days of partial disability were calculated. Difference of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scores among groups was tested by ANOVA. The effects of mental disorders comorbid physical diseases and demographic factors on the occurrence and severity of disability were analyzed by multiple linear regression for complex sampling data. Results: Totally 1136 patients with mood disorders in the past 12 months were diagnosed, and 537 of them suffered from functional disability. The functional disability prevalence of mood disorder with comorbidities in population was 1.7%, and disability prevalence of mood disorders in patients was 42.0%, in which constituent rate of grade-four disability was highest as 77. 1%. The functional disability prevalence of single mood disorder in population was 0.2%, and disability prevalence of single mood disorder in patients was 16.0%. The median days of partial disability days were from 0 to 4.75. Multiple linear regression showed a positive association between mental disorders comorbid physical diseases, demographic factors and WHO-DAS 2.0 scores except living area. Conclusions: Comorbidity of mood disorders and physical diseases increases the likelihood and severity of functional disability. Those with older age, lower economic and education level, non-married and males are at high risk of mood disorder disability and need to be paid attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental disorders could critically lead to disability. The World Health Organization developed the- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 to assess the social adaptation and behavioral disorders of patients with mental disorders, and expanded it to measure the functional loss of any diseases. The classification and grading criteria of disability of the People's Republic of China defines and classifies mental disabilities under the national context. There are few reports in foreign countries on the disability prevalence of mental disorders in population and in patients. The standards for assessing disability have not been unified. The second National Sample Survey on Disability in China reported the disability prevalence attributed to mental disorders and the demographic distribution of the population, providing scientific evidence for the research of mental disability. At present, few data of patients with mental disability are available both at home and abroad. By searching domestic and foreign literature, this paper summarizes the definition, assessment methods, disability prevalence of mental disorders in population and in patients, demographic distribution, and the association between various mental disorders and disability in order to provide information for further research on mental disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The problem of disability in the modern world affects a significant number of people of different ages. Mental disability is a disorder characterised by limitations in a person's intellectual functioning, social, and adaptive behavior, appearing before the age of 18. According to a report published in 2022, there were 897 social welfare homes in Poland, of which there were up to 16,412 residents with disabilities. Interventions in emergency medical services for mentally disabled patients require an interdisciplinary approach. The purpose of the study is to attempt to outline the profile of a patient with mental disabilities from the perspective of the emergency medical services (EMS) team, as well as to indicate the characteristics of calls to social welfare homes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 125 patients who were treated by emergency services at the "Pomocna Dłoń" Social Welfare Home (SWH) in Wirów (central Poland). Data on the time of call, urgency code, type of team dispatched, and reason for call were analysed. The following data were extracted from all information about patients: age, gender, medical rescue procedures performed, supply of sedatives to patients, diagnosis, and destination of patient transport. In the statistical analysis, the significance threshold was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: During the period under study, the emergency services performed a total of 125 interventions. The highest number of interventions took place in the afternoon and evening (49.6%). 59.2% of the trips were made to men (n=74) and 40.8% to women (n=51). The mean age of the patients was 62.6 (SD ± 17.91) years. The most common reason for calling EMS was shortness of breath (n=16; 12.8%), while the most common diagnosis was cystostomy dysfunction (n=15; 12%). The final destination of transport for most patients was the hospital outpatient department (52.8%), the second place was the emergency department - ED (23.2%), and the third place was the psychiatric department (11.2%). 12.8% of the patients were helped at the scene, without having to be transported to hospital. CONCLUSIONS: A mentally disabled patient in a nursing home to whom EMS is called is usually a middle-aged man. The number of interventions increases in the evenings. The most common reason for emergency medical services calls is shortness of breath, which is not confirmed by on-scene examination. Every tenth patient did not require transport to the hospital, raising doubts as to the validity of calling an emergency medical team. Human resources and organizational solutions should be considered to improve the quality of medical care and the supply of emergency medicines in social welfare homes, without the need for emergency services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the implementation of human rights protection for persons with a mental disability who are being shackled and its challenges in Indonesia. Using a doctrinal and empirical approach, this article found that laws and regulations concerning persons with mental disabilities are yet not fully in line with international human rights law, and governments’ efforts to free persons with mental disabilities from shackling eventually have succeeded in reducing the number of shackling cases, however, have not been fully effective. Other obstacles in their community and family, such as stigma, discrimination, and lack of public knowledge about mental health, can hinder fulfilling the rights of persons with mental disabilities. It is recommended to revise articles or laws and regulations which infringe international law and scale up efforts, whether in funds allocation or human resources, facilities, and access to affordable, adequate rights-based mental health services.

The problems of persons with disabilities in general and with mental disabilities in particular, which have become even more acute in Ukraine with the beginning of the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation, have been highlighted. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and place of public associations in the process of realizing and protecting the rights of persons with disabilities, in particular persons with mental disabilities (permanent psycho-intellectual disabilities), during the war period, as well as formulating recommendations for improving the state of observance of rights and freedoms this category of persons. The objective impossibility of the population social protection state bodies, which are located in or near the places of hostilities, to perform their functions due to the existing danger for workers, as well as the impossibility of transferring these bodies to a remote work format, has been established. The use of a number of general scientific and special research methods has made it possible to analyzed the situation with respect to the rights of the specified category of persons in Ukraine in current conditions. A significant increase in the role and effectiveness of civil society institutions, in particular non-governmental public associations, has been noted. A conclusion has been made regarding the need to strengthen cooperation between these social service providers. It has been recommended to expand the participation of representatives of such public organizations in the process of making managerial decisions both at the state level and at the level of local self-government. Monitoring and analysis of the dynamics of the effectiveness of both state bodies of social protection of the population and non-state public associations in Ukraine by studying the opinion of the final beneficiaries, such as persons with disabilities, has been defined as a promising direction for further research.

This study aims to verify the mediating role of resilience between self-esteem and mental disability and to analyze the moderating role of gender in the relationship between resilience and mental disability in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia have been selected from Harbin Psychiatric (Baiyupao) Hospital and Daqing Third Hospital in Heilongjiang Province from January to December 2021. The study recruited a total of 220 patients with schizophrenia, including 120 males and 100 females to measure their self-esteem, resilience and mental disability. The results were as follows: Self-esteem and resilience are important protective factors that have a buffering effect on mental disability. The mediating effect of resilience on self-esteem and mental disability is stronger in males than in females. The results provide new ideas for delaying mental disability and for formulating intervention programs and applying them to clinical practice. The study indicates that psychiatric medical staff should not only treat the patients with schizophrenia psychotic symptoms but also improve their self-esteem and resilience through effective intervention to reduce the occurrence of mental disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prolegómenos Derechos y Valores is the property of Prolegomenos Derechos y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Physical education and sports play an important role in the education of individuals with mental disabilities as well as in the education of typical development individuals. It is of great importance not only in their physical development, but also in their mental and social development. Awareness of individuals with mental disabilities is of great importance for teacher candidates who will be the architects of future generations. In this study, in which awareness of the effects of sports is examined, it is aimed to examine the awareness levels of pre-service teachers who receive education at the undergraduate level about the effects of sports on individuals with mental disabilities in terms of different variables. The sample was determined to represent the universe, and the descriptive research was designed in the general survey model. In addition to the demographic information form, the "Awareness Scale for the Effects of Sports on Mentally Handicapped Individuals" (ZEBSEYFÖ) developed by İlhan and Esentürk (2015) was used as a data collection tool. The discovery of the research was chosen randomly. The research group consists of 404 pre-service teachers from Physical Education, Science, Secondary-School Mathematics, Preschool, Primary School, Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Turkish and Social Studies teaching departments at Kırşehir Ahi Evran University in the 2022-2023 academic year. The scale used consists of a single sub-dimension and 32 items. Statistical analysis of the data was done in SPSS 26.0 package program. The skewness and kurtosis values of the data were checked and after it was seen that they showed a normal distribution, from the parametric tests; t-test and one-factor analysis of variance (One-Way Anova) tests were applied. After reviewing the literature, it has been determined that there are studies that show parallelism with our findings, as well as studies that differ. As a result of the analysis; It was seen that there was no significant difference according to gender, mental disability in the environment, taking special education lessons, department, class, age variables. According to the state of doing sports; It was observed that those who did sports between 1-3 hours had a significantly higher average than those who did not. In order to increase the awareness of pre-service teachers in line with the results; Preservice teachers can be encouraged to do sports, regardless of department, and physical education lessons can be added to the curriculum, apart from vocational courses. It is thought that our study result will contribute to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 19th century, Western Europe and North America adopted the asylums model for treating, isolating and housing people considered insane. But criticism of this system grew and alternative experiments were tried. Formulas for accommodation and medical care outside the walls were diversified, but initially remained limited. The post-World War II period, marked by the rapid development of open hospitalization and the emergence of pioneering schemes aimed at integrating or reintegrating patients into the community (with their families, in their neighborhoods, etc.), favored the search for solutions to house some patients outside hospitals. But it was above all the reorganization of psychiatric care and the steady decline in the number of hospital beds that began in Western Europe and North America in the 1960s that accelerated the movement. The aim of this article is to examine the role played by the mentally ill, their families and the associative network in which all these players participate in the emergence and development of out-of-hospital housing between the middle of the 19th century and the beginning of the 21st century in Western Europe and North America. After presenting a brief overview of the first out-of-hospital housing projects, followed by public policies on housing for the mentally ill from the 1960s onwards, the paper turns to a number of case studies drawn from experiments carried out in France from the 1960s onwards.