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Activated astrocytes play a key role in diabetic neuropathic pain and depression. We aimed to assess the protective effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on primary hippocampal astrocytes cultured with high glucose (HG), substance P (SP), and corticosterone (CORT). Culturing with HG + SP + CORT resulted in damage to primary hippocampal astrocytes, which simulates the clinical damage caused by comorbidity of diabetic neuropathic pain and depression. Western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that HG + SP + CORT increased P2X(7) receptor expression in primary hippocampal astrocytes, which was reversed by DHM treatment. Further, HG + SP + CORT elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, free Ca(2+), and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels, which was inhibited by DHM or P2X(7) shRNA treatment. Moreover, DHM significantly reduced the P2X(7) agonist-activated currents in HEK293 cells transfected with the P2X(7) receptor. These findings suggest that DHM can protect primary hippocampal astrocytes cultured with HG + SP + CORT from P2X(7) receptor-mediated damage. Culturing cells with HG + SP + CORT might be a viable cell model for cellular injury exploration of diabetic comorbid pain and depression.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a sudden, needle-like pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve, can seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. In chronic pain conditions including TN, increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may enhance pain transmission. This study compares the effect of palmatine administration on the expression of BDNF and its receptor TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B) in trigeminal ganglion cells of Sprague-Dawley rats in a sham versus TN model group. Within 14 days of surgery, the mechanical allodynia threshold of the TN group was significantly lower than that of the sham group, while the TN + palmatine group had a higher mechanical pain sensitivity threshold than the TN group (p

Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the relationship of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with severe heart failure. Methods: an observational study was conducted at the emergency intensive care units (EICU) of Shandong University Qilu Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. Nutritional screening and assessment were performed at the time of admission to hospital with the NRS2002. Results: of the 209 patients included, 16 cases (7.66 %) were not at nutritional risk, and 193 cases (92.34 %) were at risk. Among them, 12 cases (5.74 %) were malnourished, 38 cases (18.18 %) were at high nutritional risk, and 115 cases (55.02 %) were overweight and obese. The differences in prealbumin (PA) and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) between the 2 groups were statistically significant (p0.05). A total of 134 cases (64.12 %) received nutrition treatment support, of which 39 cases (29.10 %) received enteral nutrition (EN), 77 cases (57.46 %) parenteral nutrition, and 18 cases (13.43 %) enteral nutrition combined with parenteral nutrition (EN + SPN) support treatment. In all, 31 cases (54.39 %) reached 100 % of the target dose. Patients in the EN and EN + SPN groups had 37 MACE (64.91 %) and 31 enteral nutrition complications (54.39 %), with differences between the 3 groups being statistically significant (p0.05). Conclusion: the nutritional risk of patients with severe heart failure is high, and age and heart function are positively correlated with nutritional risk. The complications rate of patients with high nutritional risk is significantly higher than in those with low risk; the higher the nutritional risk, the higher the hospital mortality rate - that is, nutritional risk affects disease outcome.Objetivos: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación del Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) con los eventos cardiacos adversos mayores intrahospitalarios (MACE) en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca grave. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de emergencia (UCIE) del Hospital Qilu de la Universidad de Shandong desde enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019. Se realizaron un cribado y una evaluación nutricional en el momento del ingreso hospitalario con el NRS2002. Resultados: de los 209 pacientes incluidos, 16 casos (7,66 %) no tenían riesgo nutricional y 193 casos (92,34 %) sí lo tenían. Entre ellos, 12 casos (5,74 %) estaban desnutridos, 38 casos (18,18 %) tenían un alto riesgo nutricional y 115 casos (55,02 %) tenían sobrepeso u obesidad. Las diferencias de prealbúmina (PA) y precursor del péptido natriurético de tipo B N-terminal (NT-proBNP) entre los 2 grupos fueron estadísticamente significativas (p0,05). En total, 134 casos (64,12 %) recibieron soporte de tratamiento nutricional, de los que 39 casos (29,10 %) recibieron nutrición enteral (NE), 77 casos (57,46 %) nutrición parenteral y 18 casos (13,43 %) nutrición enteral combinada con nutrición parenteral (NE + SPN) como tratamiento de apoyo. Treinta y un casos (54,39 %) alcanzaron la dosis objetivo al 100 %. Los pacientes de los grupos EN y EN + SPN tuvieron 37 MACE (64,91 %) y 31 complicaciones de la nutrición enteral (54,39 %), siendo la diferencia entre los 3 grupos estadísticamente significativa (p0,05). Conclusiones: el riesgo nutricional de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca grave es alto; la edad y la función cardiaca se correlacionan positivamente con el riesgo nutricional. La complicación de los pacientes con alto riesgo nutricional es significativamente mayor que la de los de bajo riesgo; cuanto mayor es el riesgo nutricional, mayor es la tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria, es decir, el riesgo nutricional afecta el resultado de la enfermedad.

Objectives The growth and development of children is influenced not only by heredity factors but also by environmental factors, including nutrition and temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in Daxing’anling, the coldest region of China. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed among preschool children aged 3–6 years by stratified cluster sampling in Daxing’anling. The children’s parents completed the questionnaires. Height, body weight and head circumference were measured, and Z scores for weight for height, weight for age, height for age and head circumference for age were evaluated. Anthropometric data were compared with World Health Organization standards and China’s growth references. The levels of vitamin A, E and 25-(OH)-D3 in serum were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results A total of 305 children were recruited. The average height of the preschool children was lower than China’s growth reference but higher than the WHO standard. More than half of the preschool children ranged from −1 SD to +1 SD. Both the values of weight for height and of weight for age were positive and higher than the WHO standards (p3. Conclusions The burden of malnutrition in preschool children exists in cold regions, and a cold climate may be an important factor. Therefore, we should pay attention to the nutrition and physical growth of local preschool children; in particular, vitamin D deficiency should be given high priority, and necessary nutritional interventions should be made.

Patients with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) experience immense physical and mental suffering, which is comorbid with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). P2X4 receptor, one of the purinergic receptors, is a significant mediator of DNP and MDD. The present study aimed to identify the roles and mechanisms of MSTRG.81401, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), in alleviating DNP and MDD-like behaviors in type 2 diabetic rats. After administration with MSTRG.81401 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the model + MSTRG.81401 shRNA group demonstrated increased mechanical withdrawal threshold, thermal withdrawal latency, open-field test, and sucrose preference test; however, immobility time on the forced swimming test decreased. MSTRG.81401 shRNA administration significantly decreased the expression of the P2X4 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in the hippocampus and spinal cord in the model + MSTRG.81401 shRNA group. Simultaneously, MSTRG.81401 shRNA administration downregulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the hippocampus and spinal cord. Thus, lncRNA MSTRG.81401 shRNA can alleviate DNP and MDD-like behaviors in type 2 diabetic rats and may downregulate the expression of P2X4 receptors in the hippocampus and spinal cord of rats.

BackgroundThe growth and development of children is influenced not only by heredity but also by environmental factors, including nutrition and temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in Daxing’anling, the coldest region of China.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years by stratified cluster sampling in Daxing’anling. The children’s parents completed the questionnaires. Height, body weight and head circumference were measured, and Z scores for weight for height, weight for age, height for age and head circumference for age were evaluated. Anthropometric data were compared with World Health Organization standards and China’s growth references. The levels of vitamin A, E and 25-(OH)-D3 in serum were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsA total of 305 children were recruited. The average height of the preschool children was lower than China’s growth reference but higher than the WHO standard. More than half of the preschool children ranged from -1 SD to +1 SD. Both the values of weight for height and of weight for age were positive and higher than the WHO standards (P3.ConclusionsThe growth and nutritional status of preschool children were generally good, although the double burden of malnutrition was observed. Vitamin D deficiency should be paid much attention to. It is necessary and urgent to carry out nutritional interventions for health.

Self-organizing networks (SON) aim to offer high quality services while reducing both capital and operational expenditures by enabling three main functions: self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. Though there exits only few studies on self-healing, it plays an important role in intelligent network maintaining. In this paper, we firstly propose an ensemble learning based fault diagnosis system for self-organizing heterogeneous networks. Specifically, the base learner is strengthened in each iteration and the final diagnosis result is obtained from the combination of all base classifications for performance improvement. Moreover, traditional classification algorithms are designed with the premise of balanced data set. However, when they are applied to fault diagnosis in cellular network which has imbalanced data, the classification accuracy for minority classes is not satisfying. To address this issue, synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) is applied to handle the data-imbalance. Furthermore, considering the fact that misclassification is unavoidable, and most existing schemes aim to achieve a low detection error rate, while ignoring the fact that different type of misclassification errors can cause different economic losses to the operators. We consider the cost sensitivity and use rescaling method to help the classifier differentiate the importance of different samples, so that a minimal total loss can be achieved. Also, for handling the sparse data and dense deployment issues in small cells of a heterogeneous network, we provide a distributed diagnose system for lowering the communications cost. Extensive simulations are performed and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

To investigate the effects of Qingre Jianpi decoction (，QRJPD) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and explore its mechanism.All mice were randomly divided into six groups. Weight changes, disease activity index values, and histological damage were detected. Inflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. The key protein expression levels of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were detected by western blot analysis, IHC, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.QRJPD played an anti-inflammatory role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the inflammatory infiltration of immune cells by suppressing DSS-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.QRJPD exerts protective effects by inhibiting DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Background This study was conducted to investigate the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac1), PDE4, and PKC expression in breast cancer tissues, and the correlation between these proteins and AKAP95, Cx43, cyclin D2, and cyclin E1. Methods PV-9000 two-step immunohistochemistry was used to analyze protein expression. Results The positive rate of Epac1 protein expression in breast cancer tissues (58%) was higher than in para-carcinoma tissues (10%) (P 0.05). The positive expression rate of PDE4 was higher in the P53 protein positive group compared to the P53 negative group (P

Depression has become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders and endangers the health of living beings all over the world. In order to explore the molecular mechanism that underlies depression, different kinds of animal models of depression are used in laboratory experiments. However, a credible and reasonable animal model that is capable of imitating the pathologic mechanism of depression in mankind has yet to be found, resulting in a barrier to further investigation of depression. Nevertheless, it is possible to explain the pathologic mechanism of depression to a great extent by a rational modeling method and behavioral testing. This review aims to provide a reference for researchers by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of some common animal depression models.

Background Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The mechanisms by which miR-34a influences NAFLD through the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-related pathway were investigated herein. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were injected with a miR-34a lentivirus vector inhibitor or control. HepG2 cells were transfected with a miR-34a mimic, inhibitor, SIRT1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), SIRT1 plasmid, and a negative oligonucleotide control to evaluate their role in oleic acid (OA) and excess iron-induced NAFLD. The accumulation of lipids in the mice liver and HepG2 cells was analyzed by triglyceride (TG) detection and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Additionally, the indexes of oxidative stress related to lipid metabolism were evaluated by western blotting and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potentials were measured by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy, respectively. Finally, the dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to further confirm whether SIRT1 was a direct target of miR-34a. Results Overexpression of miR-34a resulted in increased triglyceride accumulation as well as in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and SIRT1 levels. Silencing of miR-34a increased SIRT1 expression and alleviated triglyceride accumulation in the presence of OA and iron. Additionally, miR-34a directly inhibited SIRT1 by binding to the 3′-untranslated region, as determined via the luciferase reporter assay. Conclusions Our results support the existence of a link between the liver cell mitochondria and miR-34a/SIRT1 signaling. Potential endogenous modulators of NAFLD pathogenesis may ultimately provide new tools for therapeutic intervention.

In this paper, besides defining the positive “ideal building,” an approach combined TOPSIS with grey relational analysis method is introduced into the field of architecture. This improved method can reflect the exact energy consumption close degree of each building for evaluation to the positive “ideal building” from both aspects of position distance and shape similarity. Due to the energy consumption relative closeness degree of buildings to the positive “ideal building,” not only each building energy consumption level can be determined precisely to rank multiple existing building energy consumption levels, but the qualities of each building index can be assessed effectively. At last, taking a simple evaluation system as an example, three urban building energy consumption levels are compared through the selected system. Through the case analysis, the superiority and effectiveness of the new method for building energy consumption evaluation are proved.

In order to study the steady-state electromagnetic forces acting on the stator end-winding in a multi-phase induction machine during the operation, we conducted a 3-D electromagnetic analysis coupled with a 3-D mechanical analysis to analyze the stress and the deformation. Both of the analyses are done by the finite-element method. Meanwhile, the geometry of the nose portion is modified for the limited computer resources. The result shows the nose part of the coil ends experiences larger displacement, but von Mises stresses are larger in the straight part.

This paper investigates a 3-D coupled-field finite-element method (FEM) used in simulation of temperature distribution in air-cooled asynchronous induction motor. The temperature rise in motor is due to Joule's losses in stator windings and the induced eddy current in squirrel cages, and heat dissipation by air convection and solid conduction. The Joule's losses calculated by 3-D eddy- current field analysis are used as the input for the thermal field analysis, which is deeply dependent on accurate air fluid field analysis. A novel multi-component fluid model is proposed to deal with the influence of rotor rotation upon the air convection. Through the coupled-field calculation, we propose a new ventilation structure of a 15-phase motor to improve the cooling performance.

For stacked double-rail turn-augmented railgun, two pairs of sub-rails are stackedand. Each pair of sub-rails provide guidance for one armature, and the two armatures push forward together one projectile. While for plane single-rail turn-augmented, the augmented turns are arranged outside the main rails where one armature is placed. Since the existence of mutual inductance, launch performance of two types of railguns has enhanced. Inductance gradient (L') is an important parameter in studying electromagnetic launch. Using 3D eddy current field finite element method, total inductance gradient (self inductance gradient and mutual inductance gradient) of these two types of railguns is analyzed and calculated. Results show that inductance gradient depends on armatures' position, especially at breech nearby. Put the results into launch process simulations, and the quality of two armatures in stacked doule-rail turn-augmented railgun and one armature in plane single-rail turn-augmented railgun, the friction and the initial position of armatures are the same. Compare electromagnetic launch of these two types of railguns by ultimate calculation results, the former is obviously better than the latter.

Considering the magnetic nonlinear characteristic of iron core and its structural complexity, the calculation model of Multi-phase Synchronous Generator is established with nonlinear FEM. Then the method and analysis steps of no-load characteristics analysis and rated field current calculation are given in detail. On the basis of electromagnetic field calculation of the twelve-phase synchronous generator, the harmonic analysis of air-gap magnetic field is presented, as well as its no-load characteristics. The calculated results of fundamental component are close to the measurement values, and it indicates that this method can be used in the calculation of electromagnetic field of the generator. Also, it gives the theoretical basis for the generator design. The rated field current is calculated based on iterative method, and the results of field current are consistent with the rated condition. This method has high practical usability, which may provide the reference for the calculation of rated field current of the common synchronous generator.