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Introduction: We evaluated the effectiveness of interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy as a single fraction boost to the surgical bed in patients with breast cancer undergoing conservative treatment. The comparison was with the alternative of electron boost., Materials and Methods: Between April 1999 and December 2000, we conducted a prospective study of 84 patients with infiltrative breast carcinoma treated with conservative surgery, with free margins. This was followed by external radiotherapy to the breast of up to 46 Gy and one application of brachytherapy with needles inserted into the surgical bed, and administering 7 Gy to 90% with high dose rate (HDR)., Results: With a mean follow-up of 43 months, only one patient had therapeutic failure in the implant area, and local control was 98.5%. Another patient had a 2nd tumour in a different quadrant and 3 developed metastasis. Survival at 5 years was 98.7%. Acute toxicity was minimal, with excellent or good cosmetic appearance in 95%., Conclusions: Brachytherapy with high dose rate as single fraction boost in conservative treatment of breast carcinoma is simple, fast, well tolerated, with excellent local control, good cosmetic appearance, and with minimal late-onset toxicity.

After radical prostatectomy is important to identify patients who have a high risk of microscopic residual disease without micrometastatic disease. Adjuvant RT, in retrospective studies, reduce the risk of recurrence and is more efficacious than salvage RT and can improve PSA relapse-free survival and should have an impact on long-term overall survival. The benefit of androgen suppression could be due to a synergistic interaction and may possibly eliminate occult systemic disease. Appropriate selection to identify subgroups of patients who may benefit from salvage RT, even for those patients at the highest risk; and whether some form of hormone ablation should accompany. To predict the biochemical failure and the risk of metastatic disease after salvage RT. We analyze the references to select an appropriate therapy. Improved outcomes will need to be tested in randomized trials.