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Abstract Dried yellow chili is highly appreciated by consumers due to its excellent quality and flavor. The quality of products is determined by the drying and storage methods. In this study, dried yellow chilis were processed by natural air drying and hot air drying methods and then stored under three conditions: ambient temperature, ambient temperature with light avoidance, and at 10 °C with light avoidance for 12 months. The changes in the bioactive compounds during this period were analyzed attempting to reveal correlations between the different treatments and these compounds, with the aim of providing references for maintaining the bioactive compounds of pepper products. The results showed that samples treated with hot air had higher levels of fatty acids, resulting in a more pronounced flavor. During storage, samples stored at 10 °C with light avoidance were more effective in preserving soluble solids, total protein content, total phenols, capsaicinoids and most fatty acids.

Abstract While KRAS mutation is the leading cause of low survival rates in lung cancer bone metastasis patients, effective treatments are still lacking. Here, we identified homeobox C10 (HOXC10) as a lynchpin in pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer bone metastasis. Through RNA-seq approach and patient tissue studies, we demonstrated that HOXC10 expression was dramatically increased. Genetic depletion of HOXC10 preferentially impeded cell proliferation and migration in vitro. The bioluminescence imaging and micro-CT results demonstrated that inhibition of HOXC10 significantly reduced bone metastasis of KRAS-mutant lung cancer in vivo. Mechanistically, the transcription factor HOXC10 activated NOD1/ERK signaling pathway to reprogram epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and bone microenvironment by activating the NOD1 promoter. Strikingly, inhibition of HOXC10 in combination with STAT3 inhibitor was effective against KRAS-mutant lung cancer bone metastasis by triggering ferroptosis. Taken together, these findings reveal that HOXC10 effectively alleviates pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer with bone metastasis in the NOD1/ERK axis-dependent manner, and support further development of an effective combinatorial strategy for this kind of disease.

The Hilbert curve is an important method for mapping high-dimensional spatial information into one-dimensional spatial information while preserving the locality in the high-dimensional space. Entry points of a Hilbert curve can be used for image compression, dimensionality reduction, corrupted image detection and many other applications. As far as we know, there is no specific algorithms developed for entry points. To address this issue, in this paper we present an efficient entry point encoding algorithm (EP-HE) and a corresponding decoding algorithm (EP-HD). These two algorithms are efficient by exploiting the m consecutive 0s in the rear part of an entry point. We further found that the outputs of these two algorithms are a certain multiple of a certain bit of s, where s is the starting state of these m levels. Therefore, the results of these m levels can be directly calculated without iteratively encoding and decoding. The experimental results show that these two algorithms outperform their counterparts in terms of processing entry points.

Induction welding is considered to be one of the most promising welding technologies for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composites. However, the uncertainty of heat generation mechanisms presents a challenge to regulating the temperature field uniformity. In this paper, a quantitative calculation method for the induction heating efficiency of various mechanisms was proposed for cross-ply CFRTP laminates. Combining electrical and thermal properties, the cross-ply CF/PEEK and CF/PPS induction heating experiments were designed to explore the quantity ratio of various heat generation mechanisms. The results show that the heat production at the junction is about 106-107 times that of fiber heating. The dielectric loss is dominant mechanism at the junction, and the proportions of heat generated by dielectric loss in CF/PEEK and CF/PPS laminates were 0.6688 and 0.8255, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature prediction model with various stacking sequences was established, showing a good agreement with the experimental temperatures.

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether anti-glycoproteins (GPs) autoantibodies can be used as predictors of response to high-dose dexamethasone combined with rituximab (DXM-RTX) in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients. One-hundred twenty-six ITP patients were included and retrospectively analyzed, 66.7% of anti-GPIb/IX and 65.9% of anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies. Results showed that overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates of patients without anti-GPIb/IX autoantibodies to DXM-RTX were significantly higher than those with anti-GPIb/IX autoantibodies at 4 weeks (OR: 73.8% vs. 47.6%, CR: 50.0% vs. 26.2%; P

AbstractFor Chinese government, designing appropriate subsidy policies to mobilize chain members’ reduction effort about agricultural pollution emission (hereafter, PE) and grain post-harvest loss (hereafter, GPHL) is an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, a grain supply chain with one producer, one retailer and government were chosen as our study subject. We proposed concepts and function expressions of stakeholders’ reduction efforts on PE and GPHL, and the demand function was modified. Four investment and subsidy models were analyzed. Findings: 1) stakeholders’ reduction efforts about GPHL and PE are positively related to their incomes. In the future, government can try to subsidize chain members’ reduction efforts on GPHL and PE. 2) Within a certain range, the government’s variable subsidy will motivate the producer and the retailer to reduce their PE and GPHL, otherwise, the government should adopt a fixed subsidy. 3) No matter whether supply chain members invest in GPHL reduction technology or not, both the equilibrium prices and revenues of stakeholders have a positive relationship with the effort level of PE reduction.

Objective To develop an explainable lightweight skin disease high-precision classification model that can be deployed to the mobile terminal. Methods In this study, we present HI-MViT, a lightweight network for explainable skin disease classification based on Modified MobileViT. HI-MViT is mainly composed of ordinary convolution, Improved-MV2, MobileViT block, global pooling, and fully connected layers. Improved-MV2 uses the combination of shortcut and depth classifiable convolution to substantially decrease the amount of computation while ensuring the efficient implementation of information interaction and memory. The MobileViT block can efficiently encode local and global information. In addition, semantic feature dimensionality reduction visualization and class activation mapping visualization methods are used for HI-MViT to further understand the attention area of the model when learning skin lesion images. Results The International Skin Imaging Collaboration has assembled and made available the ISIC series dataset. Experiments using the HI-MViT model on the ISIC-2018 dataset achieved scores of 0.931, 0.932, 0.961, and 0.977 on F1-Score, Accuracy, Average Precision (AP), and area under the curve (AUC). Compared with the top five algorithms of ISIC-2018 Task 3, Marco's average F1-Score, AP, and AUC have increased by 6.9%, 6.8%, and 0.8% compared with the suboptimal performance model. Compared with ConvNeXt, the most competitive convolutional neural network architecture, our model is 5.0%, 3.4%, 2.3%, and 2.2% higher in F1-Score, Accuracy, AP, and AUC, respectively. The experiments on the ISIC-2017 dataset also achieved excellent results, and all indicators were better than the top five algorithms of ISIC-2017 Task 3. Using the trained model to test on the PH 2 dataset, an excellent performance score is obtained, which shows that it has good generalization performance. Conclusions The skin disease classification model HI-MViT proposed in this article shows excellent classification performance and generalization performance in experiments. It demonstrates how the classification outcomes can be applied to dermatologists’ computer-assisted diagnostics, enabling medical professionals to classify various dermoscopic images more rapidly and reliably.

Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins are a class of important Ca2+ receptors that play key roles in plant stress response. CBLs have been shown to participate in responses to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, and cold in many plant species, including Arabidopsis and rice. However, little is known about their potential functions in the desert halophyte Nitraria tangutorum. Here, we have identified 11 CBL genes distributed across six chromosomes of N. tangutorum and categorized them into four groups through phylogenetic analysis. Synteny analysis showed that they have strong collinear relationships and have undergone purifying selection during their evolution. NtCBL promoter regions contain a variety of cis-acting elements related to hormone and environmental stress responses. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of NtCBLs differed significantly among various tissues and was upregulated by salt and drought stress. We chose NtCBL1-1 for an in-depth functional characterization and observed that transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing NtCBL1-1 exhibited increased tolerance to both drought and salt stress. Compared to wild-type Arabidopsis, transgenic lines showed higher germination rates, slower chlorophyll degradation, more soluble proteins, and reduced accumulation of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde. These findings indicate that NtCBL1-1 plays a significant role in responding to drought and salt stress, laying the foundation for further investigations into the functional mechanisms of NtCBL genes in N. tangutorum.

Globally, brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease. It is prevalent in more than 170 countries and regions. It mostly damages an animal’s reproductive system and causes extreme economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. Once inside cells, Brucella resides in a vacuole, designated the BCV, which interacts with components of the endocytic and secretory pathways to ensure bacterial survival. Numerous studies conducted recently have revealed that Brucella’s ability to cause a chronic infection depends on how it interacts with the host. This paper describes the immune system, apoptosis, and metabolic control of host cells as part of the mechanism of Brucella survival in host cells. Brucella contributes to both the body’s non-specific and specific immunity during chronic infection, and it can aid in its survival by causing the body’s immune system to become suppressed. In addition, Brucella regulates apoptosis to avoid being detected by the host immune system. The BvrR/BvrS, VjbR, BlxR, and BPE123 proteins enable Brucella to fine-tune its metabolism while also ensuring its survival and replication and improving its ability to adapt to the intracellular environment.

Carotenoids are important pigments in pepper fruits. The colors of each pepper are mainly determined by the composition and content of carotenoid. The ‘ZY’ variety, which has yellow fruit, is a natural mutant derived from a branch mutant of ‘ZR’ with different colors. ZY and ZR exhibit obvious differences in fruit color, but no other obvious differences in other traits. To investigate the main reasons for the formation of different colored pepper fruits, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed in three developmental stages (S1–S3) in two cultivars. The results revealed that these structural genes (PSY1, CRTISO, CCD1, CYP97C1, VDE1, CCS, NCED1 and NCED2) related to carotenoid biosynthesis were expressed differentially in the two cultivars. Capsanthin and capsorubin mainly accumulated in ZR and were almost non-existent in ZY. S2 is the fruit color-changing stage; this may be a critical period for the development of different color formation of ZY and ZR. A combination of transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that CCS, NCED2, AAO4, VDE1 and CYP97C1 genes were key to the differences in the total carotenoid content. These new insights into pepper fruit coloration may help to improve fruit breeding strategies.

Meningiomas, the most common intracranial primary tumors, are always benign. Extracranial and distant metastases can occur in malignant meningiomas. This case report describes a male in his 50s with malignant meningioma and metastases to the subcutaneous soft tissue. Preoperative color Doppler ultrasound showed that the tumor had an abundant blood flow. Intraoperative pathological examination revealed a malignant tumor. Postoperative pathological examination revealed malignant tumors in the forehead; thus, malignant meningiomas were suspected. Immunohistochemistry revealed grade III malignant meningioma. Malignant meningiomas have the ability to readily spread and metastasize; however, cases of malignant meningiomas disintegrating the bone and metastasizing to the subcutaneous part of the head have not been reported.

Cultivated land is a vital factor in agricultural production but faces multiple challenges, including declining total area, spatial transformation, and ecological degradation. It is imperative to enhance cultivated land use eco-efficiency (CLUE). This study aimed to evaluate the CLUE that considers both carbon sequestration and emissions using the SBM model at the county level. Next, spatial autocorrelation was employed to measure CLUE’s spatial correlation. The spatial agglomeration pattern of CLUE was determined, then time-series cluster analysis was used to identify the temporal evolution patterns of CLUE in various districts and counties. Furthermore, we explored the spatiotemporal dynamic relationship between CLUE and landscape pattern changes using landscape pattern index and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR), considering spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and using interaction detectors to identify the interaction between landscape pattern factors on CLUE. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, CLUE in Henan Province varied between 0.50 and 0.70 in most years, indicating potential for improvement. There are four primary temporal evolution patterns: 26 Late-development, 22 Wave-rising, 27 Fluctuation-rising, and 29 Continuous-rising types of CLUE. (2) CLUE exhibits low values in the middle and eastern regions, i.e., areas with high values are concentrated in the southern districts, counties, and western and northern regions. CLUE has a significant positive spatial correlation with HH agglomeration areas mainly concentrated in Xinyang City, and LL agglomeration areas mainly located in the eastern and central regions. (3) Overall, different landscape factors exhibit varying degrees of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in their impact on CLUE. The total area and aggregation of cultivated land have a positive effect on CLUE, with the area of the positive influence of the total area gradually expanding over time and the aggregation gradually decreasing. The complexity of cultivated land shape has a negative effect. The impact of cultivated land patch density is two-sided, with the area of negative influence gradually expanding over time. (4) The interaction between the total area, shape, and aggregation of cultivated land is enhanced. Additionally, the interaction between cultivated land patch density and other factors has changed from a weakening to a strengthening one, and the “double-edged sword” effect has gradually shifted into a one-way effect. Therefore, in the process of land consolidation, it is recommended to prioritize regularized, larger, and more concentrated cropland patches whenever possible.

Abstract Word embedding has been widely used in word sense disambiguation (WSD) and many other tasks in recent years for it can well represent the semantics of words. However, the existing word embedding methods mostly represent each word as a single vector, without considering the homonymy and polysemy of the word; thus, their performances are limited. In order to address this problem, an effective topical word embedding (TWE)‐based WSD method, named TWE‐WSD, is proposed, which integrates Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and word embedding. Instead of generating a single word vector (WV) for each word, TWE‐WSD generates a topical WV for each word under each topic. Effective integrating strategies are designed to obtain high quality contextual vectors. Extensive experiments on SemEval‐2013 and SemEval‐2015 for English all‐words tasks showed that TWE‐WSD outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art WSD methods, especially on nouns.

3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are common structural components in natural products and bioactive compounds. Traditionally, the metal-mediated cyclopropanation domino reaction of chain enzymes is the most commonly used strategy for the construction of this type of aza[3.1.0]bicycle derivative. In this study, a base-promoted intramolecular addition of alkenes used to deliver conformationally restricted highly substituted aza[3.1.0]bicycles is reported. This reaction was tailor-made for saturated aza[3.1.0] bicycle-containing fused bicyclic compounds that may be applied in the development of concise and divergent total syntheses of bioactive compounds.

Abstract Two-dimensional coordination nanosheets (CONASHs) are grown at the spherical liquid–liquid interface of a dichloromethane droplet in water to form zero-dimensional nano- and micro-capsules using a simple dropping method, a syringe-pump method, and an emulsion method. Reaction of 1,3,5-tris[4-(4′-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridyl)phenyl]benzene (1) with Fe(BF4)2 affords electrochromic Fe(tpy)2 CONASH capsules and that of ligand 1 with ZnSO4 does photoluminescent Zn2(μ-O2SO2)2(tpy)2 CONASH capsules. Fe(tpy)2 CONASH capsules containing magnetite particles were produced by the syringe-pump method by adding magnetite to the aqueous phase, with the assembly and dispersion of the magnetite-containing CONASH capsules being easily controlled with a magnet. This indicates that physicochemically functional CONASH capsules are suitable for incorporating other functional materials to develop hybrid systems.

Set similarity query is a primitive for many applications, such as data integration, data cleaning, and gene sequence alignment. Most of the existing algorithms are inverted index based, they usually filter unqualified sets one by one and do not have sufficient support for duplicated sets, thus leading to low efficiency. To solve this problem, this paper designs T-starTrie, an efficient trie based index for set similarity query, which can naturally group sets with the same prefix into one node, and can filter all sets corresponding to the node at a time, thereby significantly improving the candidates generation efficiency. In this paper, we find that the set similarity query problem can be transformed into matching nodes of the first-layer (FMNodes) detecting problem on T-starTrie. Therefore, an efficient FLMNode detection algorithm is designed. Based on this, an efficient set similarity query algorithm, TT-SSQ, is implemented by developing a variety of filtering techniques. Experimental results show that TT-SSQ can be up to 3.10x faster than existing algorithms.

The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway is key in responding to salt stress in plants. SOS2, a central factor in this pathway, has been studied in non-halophytes such as Arabidopsis and rice, but has so far not been reported in the halophyte Nitraria tangutorum. In order to better understand how Nitraria tangutorum acquires its tolerance for a high salt environment, here, the NtSOS2 was cloned from Nitraria tangutorum, phylogenetic analyses showed that NtSOS2 is homologous to the SOS2 of Arabidopsis and rice. Gene expression profile analysis showed that NtSOS2 localizes to the cytoplasm and cell membrane and it can be induced by salt stress. Transgenesis experiments showed that exogenous expression of NtSOS2 reduces leaf mortality and improves the germination rate, biomass and root growth of Arabidopsis under salt stress. Also, exogenous expression of NtSOS2 affected the expression of ion transporter-related genes and can rescue the phenotype of sos2-1 under salt stress. All these results revealed that NtSOS2 plays an important role in plant salt stress tolerance. Our findings will be of great significance to further understand the mechanism of salt tolerance and to develop and utilize molecular knowledge gained from halophytes to improve the ecological environment.

Brucellosis is a severe zoonotic infectious disease caused by the infection of the Brucella, which is widespread and causes considerable economic losses in underdeveloped areas. Brucella is a facultative intracellular bacteria whose main target cells for infection are macrophages, placental trophoblast cells and dendritic cells. The main clinical signs of Brucella infection in livestock are reproductive disorders and abortion. At present, the pathogenesis of placentitis or abortion caused by Brucella in livestock is not fully understood, and further research on the effect of Brucella on placental development is still necessary. This review will mainly introduce the research progress of Brucella infection of placental trophoblast cells as well as the inflammatory response caused by it, explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of Brucella leading to reproductive system disorders and abortion, and also to provide the scientific basis for revealing the pathogenesis and infection mechanism of Brucella.

Knowing the distributions and changes in global wetlands and their conversion to other land cover types could facilitate our understanding of wetland development, causes of variations, and decision-making for restoration and protection. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the changes in wetland distributions at global, continental, typical regional, and national scales and the conversions between wetlands and other land cover types in the last 20 years. This study used GlobeLand30 (GL30) data with a 30 m resolution for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) the area of wetlands continued to increase globally from 2000 to 2020, with a total increase of approximately 4%. Wetland changes from 2010 to 2020 were more significant than those from 2000 to 2010. The regions with significant wetland changes were mainly in the north middle- and high-latitude, and the equatorial middle- and low-latitude, and Oceania and North America were the continents with the highest increase and decrease, respectively; (2) the major conversion of wetlands was mainly natural land cover types, including forest, grassland, water, and tundra, and there were minor conversions due to human activities, including the conversion of wetlands to cropland (~4600 km2) and artificial land (~3400 km2); (3) from 2000 to 2020, the increase in global wetlands was uneven, while the decrease was nearly even at a national scale. Australia had the highest increase due to the conversions from grass, bare land, and water, and Canada had the highest decrease due to the conversion into tundra and forest. The analysis results could more comprehensively characterize the distributions and changes of global wetlands, which may provide basic information and knowledge for related research work and policymaking.

Abstract Background To investigate the value of dynamic monitoring peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) ratio in evaluating the treatment response and prognosis of patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Methods A total of 148 patients with ENKTL were retrospectively analyzed in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University between March 2012 and March 2018. The optimal cut-off value of LMR was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method, then patients were divided into low LMR group and high LMR group. The LMR level was dynamically measured at various time points, and the relationships between LMR and therapeutic response, and survival were analyzed. Results The complete remission rate (CR) was 85.7% in patients with high LMR at diagnosis, which was remarkably higher than that of patients with low LMR at diagnosis (64.9%) (P = 0.009). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 49.28% and 44.89% in the low LMR group, respectively; 5-year OS and PFS in the high LMR group were 84.50% and 67.12%, respectively, significantly longer (P values were

Swine hepatitis E (swine HE) is a new type of zoonotic infectious disease caused by the swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV). Open reading frame 3 (ORF3) is an important virulent protein of swine HEV, but its function still is mainly unclear. In this study, we generated adenoviruses ADV4-ORF3 and ADV4 negative control (ADV4-NC), which successfully mediated overexpression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-ORF3 and EGFP, respectively, in HepG2 cells. High-throughput sequencing was used to screen for differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The cis-target genes of lncRNAs were predicted, functional enrichment (Gene Ontology [GO] and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG]) was performed, and 12 lncRNAs with statistically significant different expressions (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 1) were selected for further quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT-PCR) validation. In HepG2 cells, we identified 62 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (6,564 transcripts) and 319 lncRNAs (124 known lncRNAs and 195 novel lncRNAs) that were affected by ORF3, which were involved in systemic lupus erythematosus, Staphylococcus aureus infection, signaling pathways pluripotency regulation of stem cells, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, and platinum drug resistance pathways. Cis-target gene prediction identified 45 lncRNAs corresponding to candidate mRNAs, among which eight were validated by qRT-PCR: LINC02476 (two transcripts), RAP2C-AS1, AC016526, AL139099, and ZNF337-AS1 (3 transcripts). Our results revealed that the lncRNA profile in host cells affected by ORF3, swine HEV ORF3, might affect the pentose and glucuronate interconversions and mediate the formation of obstructive jaundice by influencing bile secretion, which will help to determine the function of ORF3 and the infection mechanism and treatment of swine HE.

Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play essential roles in plant abiotic stress response. In order to better understand salt tolerance, we cloned and analyzed the NtCIPK9 gene from the halophyte Nitraria tangutorum. Phylogenetic analysis shows that NtCIPK9 belongs to a sister clade with the Arabidopsis AtCIPK9 gene and is thought to localize to the plasma membrane. NtCIPK9 shows the highest expression level in the Nitraria tangutorum root under normal growth conditions, whereas after NaCl treatment, the highest expression was found in the blade. NtCIPK9-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants have a higher seed germination rate, longer root length, and displayed higher salt tolerance than wild type seedlings under salt stress conditions. Furthermore, NtCIPK9 overexpression might enhance the expression of genes related to K+ transportation after NaCl treatment. Thus, we conclude that NtCIPK9 increases transgenic plant salt tolerance and reduces damage associated with salt stress by promoting the expression of genes controlling ion homeostasis. Our results suggest that NtCIPK9 could serve as an ideal candidate gene to genetically engineer salt-tolerant plants.

Brucellosis is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease caused by Brucella. Brucella spp. are gram-negative facultative intracellular parasitic bacteria. Its intracellular survival and replication depend on a functional virB system, an operon encoded by VirB1–VirB12. Type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the virB operon is an important virulence factor of Brucella. It can subvert cellular pathway and induce host immune response by secreting effectors, which promotes Brucella replication in host cells and induce persistent infection. Therefore, this paper summarizes the function and significance of the VirB system, focusing on the structure of the VirB system where VirB T4SS mediates biogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived replicative Brucella-containing vacuole (rBCV), the effectors of T4SS and the cellular pathways it subverts, which will help better understand the pathogenic mechanism of Brucella and provide new ideas for clinical vaccine research and development.

Brucellosis is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease characterized by abortion and reproductive dysfunction in pregnant animals. Although the mortality rate of Brucellosis is low, it is harmful to human health, and also seriously affects the development of animal husbandry, tourism and international trade. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella, which is a facultative intracellular parasitic bacteria. It mainly forms Brucella-containing vacuoles (BCV) in the host cell to avoid the combination with lysosome (Lys), so as to avoid the elimination of it by the host immune system. Brucella not only has the ability to resist the phagocytic bactericidal effect, but also can make the host cells form a microenvironment which is conducive to its survival, reproduction and replication, and survive in the host cells for a long time, which eventually leads to the formation of chronic persistent infection. Brucella can proliferate and replicate in cells, evade host immune response and induce persistent infection, which are difficult problems in the treatment and prevention of Brucellosis. Therefore, the paper provides a preliminary overview of the facultative intracellular parasitic and immune escape mechanisms of Brucella, which provides a theoretical basis for the later study on the pathogenesis of Brucella.

Trie is one of the most common data structures for string storage and retrieval. As a fast and efficient implementation of trie, double array (DA) can effectively compress strings to reduce storage spaces. However, this method suffers from the problem of low index construction efficiency. To address this problem, we design a two-level partition (TLP) framework in this paper. We first divide the dataset is into smaller lower-level partitions, and then we merge these partitions into bigger upper-level partitions using a min-heap based greedy merging algorithm (MH-GMerge). TLP has an excellent characteristic of load balancing and can be easily parallelized. We implemented two efficient parallel partitioned DAs based on TLP. Extensive experiments were carried out, and the results showed that the proposed methods can significantly improve the construction efficiency of DA and can achieve a better trade-off between construction and retrieval performance than the existing state-of-the-art methods.

After publication of our article [1] it was highlighted by the authors that the type of this article was primary research, instead of review.

The gene Pm61 that confers powdery mildew resistance has been previously identified on chromosome arm 4AL in Chinese wheat landrace Xuxusanyuehuang (XXSYH). To facilitate the use of Pm61 in breeding practices, the bulked segregant analysis-RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) analysis, in combination with the information on the Chinese Spring reference genome sequence, was performed in the F2:3 mapping population of XXSYH × Zhongzuo 9504. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), two Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP), and six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, together with previously identified polymorphic markers, saturated the genetic linkage map for Pm61, especially in the proximal side of the target gene that was short of gene-linked markers. In the newly established genetic linkage map, Pm61 was located in a 0.71 cM genetic interval and can be detected in a high throughput scale by the KASP markers Xicsk8 and Xicsk13 or by the standard PCR-based markers Xicscx497 and Xicsx538. The newly saturated genetic linkage map will be useful in molecular marker assisted-selection of Pm61 in breeding for disease resistant cultivar and in its map-based cloning.

Taking a grain supply chain (GASC) with a producer and a retailer as the research object, to encourage supply chain members’ efforts on reducing grain quality and quantity losses, government will offer the subsidy. The paper constructed and analyzed four subsidy models. Findings: (1) Under the four modes, the wholesale price is negatively correlated with the producers’ efforts of loss reduction (EOLR), positively correlated with the retailers’ EOLR, and negatively correlated with the retail price and the producer’ and retailer’ EOLR. (2) The GASC members’ EOLR can have a “spillover effect”, meaning that their own EOLR can benefit the other party. (3) When the subsidy coefficient meets a certain value, the government subsidies for the EOLR of supply chain members can increase the profits of the producer and the retailer, and can stimulate the members to take the efforts to reduce losses, achieving the goal of “food loss and waste”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of artificial intelligence, cognitive computing, based on cognitive science; and supported by machine learning and big data, brings personalization into every corner of our social life. Recommendation systems are essential applications of cognitive computing in educational scenarios. They help learners personalize their learning better by computing student and exercise characteristics using data generated from relevant learning progress. The paper introduces a Learning and Forgetting Convolutional Knowledge Tracking Exercise Recommendation model (LFCKT-ER). First, the model computes students’ ability to understand each knowledge concept, and the learning progress of each knowledge concept, and the model consider their forgetting behavior during learning progress. Then, students’ learning stage preferences are combined with filtering the exercises that meet their learning progress and preferences. Then students’ ability is used to evaluate whether their expectations of the difficulty of the exercises are reasonable. Then, the model filters the exercises that best match students’ expectations again by students’ expectations. Finally, we use a simulated annealing optimization algorithm to assemble a set of exercises with the highest diversity. From the experimental results, the LFCKT-ER model can better meet students’ personalized learning needs and is more accurate than other exercise recommendation systems under various metrics on real online education public datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]