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We theoretically analyze the dynamic behavior of single-strand DNA (ssDNA) molecule on graphene oxide surface driven by heating. The ssDNA moves from the hydrophilic to hydrophobic regions due to the active hydrogen bonds and enhanced flexibility of ssDNA.

The existent research details pedagogical benefits of infographics in enhancing communication, comprehension, learning, and motivation, while more research on the potential educational benefits of using infographics is needed regarding their application in second language acquisition. The aim of this study was specifically to investigate the effects of using infographics as a supplemental teaching tool in EFL classes with a focus on learning outcomes and English learning motivation. The study was conducted in two lower-intermediate English classes at a Japanese university. An infographic of the grammar points of simple past/past continuous was designed and applied as a supplement to the textbook-related content. One class was taught in a textbook-infographic order and the other vice versa. Participants’ understanding of the target grammar points and English learning motivation were measured. The findings suggested that students were able to learn effectively using the provided infographics, but it is more effective to use infographics after the textbook teaching. Students showed higher English language learning motivation after the interventions and a high interest in using infographics in their English language course. Teaching advices on using infographics in EFL classes were discussed. Article visualizations

The unique topological features of Piezo proteins underlie the lever-like cellular mechanotransduction mechanism. This knowledge inspires us to seek topological/geometric control of mechanochromophores with unprecedentedly amplified, synergistic changes in polymers to serve as ideal stress probes. Here, by judicious placement of two spirolactam rings into aminobenzopyranoxanthene, a series of stereo- and regio-isomeric rhodamine-like mechanophores are developed. With two labile bonds closely coupled into one rigidified scaffold, these π-fused bis-mechanophores enable mechanochromic polymers, featuring cooperative bond scission, low rupture force (lower than rhodamine), and geometry-controlled ring-opening reactivity. Sonication, single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments, and density functional theory calculations provide insight into the force-color relationship and rationalize how the difference in reactivity of the four isomeric mechanophores is affected by their molecular geometry and thermodynamic equilibrium. Our strategy based on the aromatic fusion of bis-mechanophore promises a modular approach to isomeric mechanophores for cooperative bond scission. Also, important insights into internal and external factors governing tandem mechanochemical reactions are gained.

The chemiluminescent mechanophore, 1,2-dioxetane (Ad), is incorporated into the backbone of a polyurethane-based prepolymer, which is further end-capped with dimerizable strong hydrogen bonding units, ureidopyrimidinone and pyrimidinedione (UPy, DHB-2) or hydrogen bonding free unit (EtOH). Mechanical, optomechanical measurements, and small-angle/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) analyses of these end-functionalized polyurethanes have demonstrated that the difference in the strength of hydrogen bonding interactions led to different degrees of chain orientation in the bulk, and consequently, different levels of mechano-activation of Ad with distinguishable mechanochemiluminescence intensity. This study not only offers a straightforward way to enhance the mechanochemiluminescence of Ad containing polymers by tailoring the supramolecular interactions between different macromers but also deepens our understanding of the correlations between chain orientation behavior, magnitudes of hydrogen bonding interactions, and the activation of mechanophores.

Self-reporting polymers, which can indicate damage with perceptible optical signals in a tailored force range, are useful as stress-sensitive sensors. We demonstrate a simple approach to realize this function by embedding two distinct mechanophores — rhodamine (Rh) and bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane (Ad), in polyurethane/polylactic acid blends. The deformed blends generate red coloration and red chemiluminescence. Such a unique dual-responsive behavior was evaluated by solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy, macroscopic tensile tests with in situ RGB and light intensity analyses, which supported a stress-correlated occurrence of the ring-opening of Rh, the scission of Ad and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer process between the respective mechanochemical species. Complementarity stemming from the difference in properties and manifestations of the two mechanophores is essential. That is, the more labile Rh allows shifting the appreciable optical changes to a much lower force threshold; the transient nature and high dynamic range of mechanochemiluminescence from Ad map in real time where and when many of the covalently incorporated dioxetane bonds break; besides, the disrupted yet non-scissile structure of Rh acts as a fluorescent acceptor to effectively harvest chemiluminescence from ruptured Ad. The current strategy is thus empowering multi-functional mechano-responsive polymers with greatly improved sensitivity and resolution for multimodal stress reporting., Probing bond scission process in a broader force range was realized by embedding mechanochromic rhodamine and mechanochemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane in polymer blends.

5,6,12,13-Tetraazaperopyrenes with different number of tert-butyl groups (c-TAPP-T, c-TAPP-H) were synthesized, via four-fold Bischler-Napieralski cyclization as the key step. As deduced from the single-crystal structures and optical properties, N-doping and substitution type allow for a precise control of intermolecular interactions. Compared to the reported 1,3,8,10-tetraazaperopyrenes, significantly different packing modes were found in 5,6,12,13-tetraazaperopyrenes. Going from c-TAPP-T to c-TAPP-H, two additional tert-butyl groups lead to different preferential growth directions, affording 1D and 2D microcrystals, respectively. Most importantly, both microcrystals exhibit excellent optical waveguide properties with extraordinarily low loss coefficients and unique polarization features. Although c-TAPP-H possesses a rigid and planar core, its crystals display an exceptional mechanochromic fluorescence, which, again, depends on the mode of molecular packing.

Autologous nerve transplantation, which is the gold standard for clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injury, still has many limitations. In this study, aligned chitosan fiber hydrogel (ACG) grafted with a bioactive peptide mixture consisting of RGI (Ac-RGIDKRHWNSQGG) and KLT (Ac-KLTWQELYQLKYKGIGG), designated as ACG-RGI/KLT, was used as nerve conduit filler to repair sciatic nerve defects in rats. Methods: Chitosan nanofiber hydrogel was prepared by a combination of electrospinning and mechanical stretching methods, and was then grafted with RGI and KLT, which are peptides mimicking brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. The physicochemical properties of ACG-RGI/KLT were fully characterized. In vitro, the distribution, proliferation, and secretory activity of Schwann cells were analyzed. Next, the in vivo repair potential for 15-mm rat sciatic nerve defects was examined. The recovery of regenerated nerve, muscle, and motor function was evaluated by neuromuscular histology, electrophysiology, and catwalk gait analysis. Results: We first constructed directionally aligned chitosan nanofiber hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide mixture (ACG-RGI/KLT). ACG-RGI/KLT oriented the Schwann cells, and promoted the proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic factors by Schwann cells. At an early injury stage, ACG-RGI/KLT not only enhanced nerve regeneration, but also promoted vascular penetration. At 12 weeks, ACG-RGI/KLT facilitated nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats. Conclusions: Aligned chitosan nanofiber hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide provides an effective means of repairing sciatic nerve defects and shows great potential for clinical application.

Glycosidic bond of C-glycosides is difficult to be broken due to its chemical stability. Screening specific microbe from microbiota is a practical way to deglycosylate these compounds. In this study, a new strain W974-1 which is capable of cleaving C-glycosidic bonds was isolated from human gut microbiota by spread plate method. It deglycosylates flavonoid 8-C-glycosides such as orientin and vitexin to their aglycones with the enzymes secreted outside the bacterial cells. This strain was identified as Enterococcus avium by 16S rDNA sequencing, physiological and biochemical characterization.

By analyzing the Z rime alternation phenomena in Changyuan Dialect of Henan Province, the present study argues that the phenomenon of one word having two different kinds of Z rime alternation forms in this dialect is due to it that the basic rime of the word preserves the Z rime alternation form that is formed before and after the sound change of the basic rime respectively. At the mean time, the development speed of Z rime alternation forms is slower than that of the basic rimes, so the Z rime alternation form preserves the glide of its corresponding basic rime of the early period and that’s exactly what leads to the differences between the glide of the present basic rime and that of the corresponding Z rime alternation form. Besides, the monophthongization phenomenon occurs between the main vowel and the [-u] ending in the compound final that is formed by sound combination during Z rime alternation process generally appears only in Jin language area of Northern Henan Province and doesn’t appear in Mandarin-speaking area of Henan Province.

The adsorption dynamics of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules on a graphene oxide (GO) surface are important for applications of DNA/GO functional structures in biosensors, biomedicine and materials science. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the adsorption of different length dsDNA molecules (from 4 bp to 24 bp) on the GO surface. The dsDNA molecules could be adsorbed on the GO surface through the terminal bases and stand on the GO surface. For short dsDNA (4 bp) molecules, the double-helix structure was partially or totally broken and the adsorption dynamics was affected by the structural fluctuation of short dsDNA and the distribution of the oxidized groups on the GO surface. For long dsDNA molecules (from 8 bp to 24 bp) adsorption is stable. By nonlinear fitting of the contact angle between the axis of the dsDNA molecule and the GO surface, we found that a dsDNA molecule adsorbed on a GO surface has the chance of orienting parallel to the GO surface if the length of the dsDNA molecule is longer than 54 bp. We attributed this behavior to the flexibility of dsDNA molecules. With increasing length, the flexibility of dsDNA molecules also increases, and this increasing flexibility gives an adsorbed dsDNA molecule more chance of reaching the GO surface with the free terminal. This work provides a whole picture of adsorption of dsDNA molecules on the GO surface and should be of benefit for the design of DNA/GO based biosensors.

Stress sensing in polymeric materials is of fundamental and technological importance and will be greatly advanced through the development of sensitive molecular probes for bond scission. In this issue of Chem, Moore and collaborators report a new type of regioisomer-specific mechanochromophore with a fast and reversible response in polymeric materials, allowing in situ stress probing.

Background. Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is elevated in inflammatory and cardiovascular pathologies, whereas alarin, a novel orexigenic peptide, participates in insulin resistance and glycometabolism. The roles of these molecules in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), clinical conditions associating with metabolic disorders, and chronic inflammation, remain controversial. Our study aimed at determining the potential role of TNC and alarin in CVD adult patients with T2DM. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. Basic and clinical information for 250 patients with T2DM were analyzed. Based on their cardiovascular disease status, participants were assigned into the CVD and non-CVD groups. Serum TNC and alarin levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Serum TNC and alarin concentrations in the CVD group were significantly higher than those of the non-CVD group. Moreover, serum TNC levels were positively correlated with age, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio; however, they were negatively correlated with TC, LDL-C, and eGFR levels. Alarin levels were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference. In logistic regression models, TNC and alarin were also established to be independent determinants for CVD in T2DM patients and their increases were associated with CVD severity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) values for TNC and alarin were 0.68 and 0.67, respectively. TNC and alarin were good predictors of CVD occurrence. When the cutoff value for TNC was 134.05 pg/mL, its sensitivity was 69.47% while its specificity was 61.29%. When the cutoff value for alarin was 142.69 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 38.95% and 90.97%, respectively. Conclusion. Elevated TNC and alarin levels are independently associated with the occurrence and severity of CVD in T2DM individuals. Therefore, these two biomarkers are potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators for CVD in diabetics.

1,2-Dioxetane is a chemiluminescent mechanophore that allows the study of bond scission events with high sensitivity and resolution. We now make use of this mechanoluminescent probe to give a micro...

Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) has been implicated in modulating metabolism via transcriptional regulation. However, direct metabolic targets of BRCA1 and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we identified several metabolic genes, including the gene which encodes glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (GOT2), a key enzyme for aspartate biosynthesis, which are repressed by BRCA1. We report that BRCA1 forms a co‐repressor complex with ZBRK1 that coordinately represses GOT 2 expression via a ZBRK1 recognition element in the promoter of GOT2. Impairment of this complex results in upregulation of GOT2, which in turn increases aspartate and alpha ketoglutarate production, leading to rapid cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. Importantly, we found that GOT2 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease‐free survival of patients with breast cancer, especially triple‐negative breast cancer. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that GOT2 overexpression sensitized breast cancer cells to methotrexate, suggesting a promising precision therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. In summary, our findings reveal that BRCA1 modulates aspartate biosynthesis through transcriptional repression of GOT2, and provides a biological basis for treatment choices in breast cancer.

Many reports have described DGKα as an oncogene, hence, we investigated its function and the underlying mechanisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression. This study demonstrated that DGKα was upregulated by inflammatory stimulants and formed feedforward loop with Akt/NF-κB signaling in ESCC cells. Mechanistically, DGKα-activated Akt/NF-κB signaling via stimulating PA production to reduce cAMP level and PTEN activity, and specifically, independently of its kinase function, through direct interaction with the FERM domain of FAK to relieve the auto-inhibitory effect of FERM domain on FAK. Overexpression of DGKα promoted cancer malignant progression both in vitro and in vivo, whereas depletion of DGKα suppressed these effects. Importantly, DGKα expression was tightly correlated with the malignancy of various inflammation-related squamous carcinomas and the oncogenic Akt/NF-κB activity. Therefore, DGKα is critically involved in inflammation-mediated ESCC progression, supporting DGKα as a potential target for ESCC therapy.

Fish peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) play important roles in microbial recognition, and bacterial elimination. In the present study, a short-type PGRP from large yellow croaker, LcPGRP5 was cloned and its functions were characterized. LcPGRP5 gene encodes a protein containing conserved PGRP domain, but no signal peptide. Phylogenetic analysis shows that LcPGRP5 is clustered with other short PGRPs identified in other teleosts. LcPGRP5 is constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression being detected in the head kidney. Recombinant LcPGRP5 protein features amidase activity and bactericidal activity. Notably, LcPGRP5 could enhance the phagocytosis of the bacteria by large yellow croaker macrophage, with higher phagocytic capacity being observed in Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia coli. Moreover, overexpression of LcPGRP5 suppresses pro-inflammatory effects elicited by bacterial exposure in the macrophage cell line. Overall, the present results clearly indicate the important roles of LcPGRP5 played in the innate immune responses against bacterial infection.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant worldwide health crisis. Breast cancer patients with COVID-19 are fragile and require particular clinical care. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients with COVID-19 and the risks associated with anti-cancer treatment. Methods The medical records of breast cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were collected among 9559 COVID-19 patients from seven designated hospitals from 13th January to 18th March 2020 in Hubei, China. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess risk factors for COVID-19 severity. Results Of the 45 breast cancer patients with COVID-19, 33 (73.3%) developed non-severe COVID-19, while 12 (26.7%) developed severe COVID-19, of which 3 (6.7%) patients died. The median age was 62 years, and 3 (6.7%) patients had stage IV breast cancer. Univariate analysis showed that age over 75 and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score were associated with COVID-19 disease severity (P, Highlights • This multicenter retrospective trial focused on COVID-19 in breast cancer patients. • COVID-19 in breast cancer patients seems less severe than those with other tumors. • COVID-19 disease severity could be strongly associated with chemotherapy.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant worldwide health crisis. Patients with malignancy are considered at substantially increased risk of infection and poor outcomes. Breast cancer patients with COVID-19 represent an urgent clinical need. This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients with COVID-19 and risks associated with anti-cancer treatment.Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 45 breast cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 at seven designated hospitals in Hubei, China. The medical records of breast cancer patients were collected from the records of 9559 COVID-19 patients from 13th January, 2020 to 18th March, 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess risk factors for COVID-19 severity.Results: Of 45 breast cancer patients with COVID-19, 33 (73.3%) developed non-severe COVID-19, while 12 (26.7%) developed severe COVID-19, of which 3 (6.7%) patients died. The median age was 62 years, and 3 (6.7%) patients had stage IV breast cancer. Most patients developed fever (37, 82.2%), and most had bilateral lung involvement on chest CT (36, 80.0%). Univariate analysis showed the age over 75 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score were associated with COVID-19 disease severity (PP=0.049; Cox proportional hazards model: HR=13.909, 95% CI 1.086-178.150, P=0.043), with more pronounced neutropenia and higher LDH, CRP and procalcitonin levels than patients else (PConclusions: The severity of COVID-19 in breast cancer patients was associated with baseline factors of the age over 75 and ECOG score, but not with tumor characteristics. Chemotherapy within 7 days before symptom onset was a risk factor for severe COVID-19, reflected by neutropenia and elevated LDH, CRP and procalcitonin levels.

Summary Background Patients with cancer are a high-risk population in the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, and examined risk factors for mortality in this population. Methods We did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. All patients were either discharged from hospitals or had died by April 20, 2020. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and cancer histories were compared between survivors and non-survivors by use of χ2 test. Risk factors for mortality were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Findings Between Jan 13 and Mar 18, 2020, 205 patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled (median age 63 years [IQR 56–70; range 14–96]; 109 [53%] women). 183 (89%) had solid tumours and 22 (11%) had haematological malignancies. The median duration of follow-up was 68 days (IQR 59–78). The most common solid tumour types were breast (40 [20%] patients), colorectal (28 [14%]), and lung cancer (24 [12%]). 54 (30%) of 182 patients received antitumour therapies within 4 weeks before symptom onset. 30 (15%) of 205 patients were transferred to an intensive care unit and 40 (20%) died during hospital admission. Patients with haematological malignancies had poorer prognoses than did those with solid tumours: nine (41%) of 22 patients with haematological malignancies died versus 31 (17%) of 183 patients with solid tumours (hazard ratio for death 3·28 [95% CI 1·56–6·91]; log rank p=0·0009). Multivariable regression analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] 3·51 [95% CI 1·16–10·59]; p=0·026) and male sex (OR 3·86 [95% CI 1·57–9·50]; p=0·0033) were risk factors for death during admission to hospital. Interpretation Patients with cancer and COVID-19 who were admitted to hospital had a high case-fatality rate. Unfavourable prognostic factors, including receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset and male sex, might help clinicians to identify patients at high risk of fatal outcomes. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Inspired by nacre that is mechanically strong and versatile in light manipulation, large-scale black films with a nacre-like microstructure and carbon nanotube inclusion were prepared using a facile self-assembly technique. A layered structure promoting blackness and toughness simultaneously was realized, affording robust films with a solar-absorptivity as high as 96.9%. Our design strategy and fabrication process will be beneficial for the facile access to various advanced blackbody coatings.

1,2-Dioxetane was found as a mechanoluminescent probe when it was covalently linked into a polymer backbone. To bring about a further leap in sensitivity without sacrificing thermal stability of th...

The synthetic control over pore structure and multifunctionality remain highly desirable for conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). Here, we demonstrate that the 1,10-phenanthroline-like S,N-heter...

A novel type of discotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) based on an enlarged dibenzo[a,c]phenazine core has been developed. The large conjugated mesogenic core with increased dipole moment derived from S,N heteroatoms facilitates the formation of highly ordered columnar superstructures both in solution and bulk. Columnar mesophases, including liquid crystal (LC) and plastic crystal (PC) assemblies could form unprecedentedly based on the same PAH core. The cores are delicately modulated by the peripherical alkoxy chains. Both mesogens have mechanochromic fluorescent (MCF) character, which is also structure dependent and correlated with the different mesophase formation. For the first time, MCF properties can be realized in such a large conjugated mesogenic system.

Development of robust alkaline oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts is crucial for the efficiency of water splitting. Herein, Fe-MOF nanocones array on nickel foam are synthesized by introducing sodium hypochlorite, leading to Cl substitution of terephthalic acid in Fe-MOFs (Fe-MOF-Cl/NF). Experimental results show that Fe-MOF-Cl/NF exhibits enhanced OER activity over Fe-MOF/NF, lowering η 50 from 292.4 to 222.7 mV. In combination with density function theory calculations, the improved OER performance is attributed to engineering electronic structure of Fe sites which accelerate the third step from *O to *OOH, and promote OER kinetics. Additionally, Fe-MOF-Cl/NF can retain catalytic activity for 100 h.

Two dumbbell-shaped organogelators with a p-quaterphenylene core were synthesized, and their self-assembly properties were investigated. These low-molecular-weight gelators could form self-supporting gels in many apolar organic solvents with an H-type aggregation form through a synergic effect of π-π stacking, intermolecular translation-related hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. In comparison to the p-terphenylene-cored gelator, the extended π-conjugated segment improved the gelation efficiency significantly with enhanced gelation rate. Additionally, these p-quaterphenylene-centered gelators exhibited strong fluorescence emission induced by aggregation, which not only provided an in situ method to optically monitor the gelation process, but also endowed these self-assemblies with substantial applications in sensing explosives.

ω-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that participate in macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) and the Kelch ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)—nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant system in organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ω-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid) regulate autophagy and Keap1–Nrf2 antioxidant system are not completely understood. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to explore the molecular mechanisms by which ω-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid) regulate autophagy and antioxidant system and to investigate the potential relationship between autophagy and antioxidant system through transcriptomic analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) in vivo and in vitro. The results of the present study indicated that ω-6 PUFAs in diets induced autophagy but decrease antioxidant ability in vivo. However, the results also provided evidence, for the first time, that ω-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid) induced autophagy and increased antioxidant ability through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and the AMPK-target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in hepatocytes in vitro. Interestingly, the findings revealed a ω-6 PUFA-induced synergistic feedback loop between autophagy and antioxidant system, which are connected with each other through the P62 and Keap1 complex. These results suggested that ω-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid) could be useful for activating a synergistic feedback loop between autophagy and antioxidant system and could greatly aid in the prevention and treatment of multiple pathologies.

Background: Autologous nerve transplantation as the gold standard of clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injury still has many limitations. In this study, aligned chitosan nanofibers hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide was used as nerve conduit filler to repair sciatic nerve defects in rats, and its effectiveness was evaluated. Methods: Chitosan nanofibers hydrogel was prepared by a combination of electrospinning and mechanical stretching, then grafted with RGI and KLT, which are BDNF and VEGF mimicking peptides respectively. The physicochemical properties of chitosan nanofibers hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide were detected. The distribution, proliferation and secretion of Schwann cells were detected. A 15 mm sciatic nerve defect model was established in rats. The recovery of regenerated nerve, muscle and motor function was evaluated by neuromuscular histology, electrophysiology and catwalk gait analysis. Results: Aligned chitosan nanofibers hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide could orientate the distribution of SCs, promote the proliferation of SCs and secretion of neurotrophic factors. At 12 weeks after operation, aligned chitosan nanofibers hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide can promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats. Early after operation, ACG-RGI/KLT can not only promote nerve regeneration, but also promote vascular regeneration, thereby improving local microcirculation. Conclusions: Aligned chitosan nanofibers hydrogel grafted with RGI/KLT peptide is effective in repairing sciatic nerve defect and has a very good clinical application prospect. Funding Statement: This work is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1101604), Major R & D Program of National Ministry of Science and Technology (2018YFB1105504), Chinese National Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Project Planning (No. 2014CB542200), National Natural Science Foundation (31771322, 31571235, 81671215, 31271284, 31171150, 81171146, 30971526, 31100860, 31040043, 31640045, 31671246), Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Science and Technology Nova Cross Project (2018019), the Ministry of Education Innovation Program of China, (IRT_16R01, IRT1201), the R&D foundation of PKUPH (2018-01), the Educational Ministry New Century Excellent Talents Support Project (No. BMU20110270), National S&T Major Project of China (SQ2018ZX100301). Declaration of Interests: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Ethics Approval Statement: The study followed the Laboratory animal Guideline for ethical review of animal welfare of China (GB/T 35892-2018). All experiments were complied with the relevant regulations of Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital.