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Skin infection is a major health issue that usually is caused by the continuous proliferation of bacteria in wounds. With the abuse of antibiotics worldwide, the battle against skin infection is becoming more and more difficult. Therefore, the development of new ways with different antibacterial mechanisms to current antibiotics is urgently needed. Inspired by the powerful inhibition of ferroptosis used in cancer therapy, here in our study, ferric-loaded lipid nanoparticles (Fe-LNPs) with unform size (∼130 nm) and surface charge (∼12 mV) were constructed and found to effectively inhibit the growth of both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus

Nitrite-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), which is mediated by Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera (M. oxyfera)-like bacteria, has the great potential to reduce methane emissions from paddy ecosystems. Fertilization, a necessary practice for increasing crop yields, could greatly affect nitrite-dependent AOM process. Here, we investigated the abundance, community composition and activity of M. oxyfera-like bacteria at different layers (0–10, 20–30 and 40–50 cm) of paddy soils under three fertilization treatments, including unfertilized control (CK), chemical fertilization (CF) and organic fertilization (OF). The 16S rRNA gene abundance of M. oxyfera-like bacteria in soils under CF (6.1 × 106–2.2 × 107 copies g−1 dry soil) and OF (8.9 × 106–1.8 × 107 copies g−1 dry soil) treatments was higher than that under CK treatment (5.0 × 106–1.5 × 107 copies g−1 dry soil). An obvious separation of M. oxyfera-like bacterial communities was observed between different fertilization treatments, and a higher diversity of these bacteria was detected in CF and OF soils. The nitrite-dependent AOM activity was increased in soils under CF (3.6–11.5 nmol CO2 g−1 (dry soil) d−1) and OF (3.4–7.2 nmol CO2 g−1 (dry soil) d−1) treatments as compared to CK (1.6–4.4 nmol CO2 g−1 (dry soil) d−1) treatment, particularly at the layer of 20–30 cm. Overall, our results demonstrated that the communities and activity of M. oxyfera-like bacteria responded positively to both chemical and organic fertilization, which expanded our knowledge of the role of nitrite-dependent AOM in regulating methane emissions from paddy ecosystems.

Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens (M. nitroreducens)-like archaea, catalyzing anaerobic methane oxidation coupled with nitrate reduction, could play an important role in reducing methane emissions from paddy ecosystems. Currently, the spatial and temporal variations of the communities of M. nitroreducens-like archaea and the factors regulating their distribution in paddy soils are poorly known. Here, we examined the diversity, community composition and abundance of these anaerobic methanotrophs at four representative depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm) of paddy soils across four rice growth stages (tillering, jointing, flowering and milky stages). High-throughput sequencing of M. nitroreducens-like archaeal mcrA genes showed that their community structure varied among different depths. In contrast, the community structure of these archaea remained relatively stable across rice growth stages. Further, both soil depth and rice growth stage had a significant impact on the abundance of mcrA genes. The gene abundance varied from 7.6 × 105 to 5.0 × 106 copies g−1 dry soil with higher values in 20–30 cm soils, and the abundance was found to be decreased from tillering to milky stages. The soil organic carbon content and ammonium content were the key factors affecting the community structure of these archaea. Our results indicated that both soil depth and crop growth stage greatly affected the abundance of M. nitroreducens-like archaea, while their community structure seemed to be more responsive to soil depth. Taken together, both space and time scales should be considered for better understanding the role of M. nitroreducens-like archaea reducing methane emissions from paddy ecosystems.

Functional oxide interfaces have received a great deal of attention owing to their intriguing physical properties induced by the interplay of lattice, orbital, charge, and spin degrees of freedom. Atomic-scale precision growth of the oxide interface opens new corridors to manipulate the correlated features in nanoelectronics devices. Here, we demonstrate that both head-to-head positively charged and tail-to-tail negatively charged BiFeO