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Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology, as an effective and eco-friendly method, has been widely used for seawater desalination and sewage treatment. However, RO membranes inevitably suffer serious organic and biological fouling during operation. Herein, we fabricated a hydrophilic anti-fouling layer on the RO membrane surface through the synergistic effect of covalent bonds and coordination bonds. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyaspartic acid (PASP) are assembled onto the RO membrane surface successively. Fe(III) is utilized to induce further cross-linking for fabricating the PEI/PASP/Fe layer. The modified membranes exhibit superior hydrophilicity, whose water contact angle declines from 86.7° to 23.6°. In addition, the water flux of the PEI/PASP/Fe membrane increases by 45.8% with an excellent desalting property. Long-term, multi-cycle membrane fouling experiments demonstrate that the modified membrane manifests not only a lower flux loss rate (DRt) but also a higher flux recovery rate (FRR). This means that the hydrophilic layer modified membranes show excellent separation performance even under severe environments, which is expected to boost the anti-fouling research in the membrane field.

Wearing surgical masks is one of the best protective measures to protect humans from viral invasion during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. However, wearing surgical masks for extended periods will cause uncomfortable sweltering sense to users and are easy to breed bacteria. Here, we reported a novel fibrous membrane with outstanding comfortability and antibacterial activity prepared by PP ultrafine fiber nonwovens and antibacterial functionalized h-BN nanoparticles (QAC/h-BN). The thermal conductivity of commercial PP nonwovens was only 0.13 W m-1 K-1, but that of the QAC/h-BN/PP nanocomposite fibrous membranes can reach 0.88 W m-1 K-1, an enhancement of 706.5% than commercial PP nonwovens. The surface temperature of commercial PP surgical masks was 31.8 °C when the wearing time was 60 min. In contrast, QAC/h-BN/PP surgical masks can reach 33.6 °C at the same tested time, exhibiting stronger heat dissipation than commercial PP surgical masks. Besides, the antibacterial rates of QAC/h-BN/PP nanocomposite fibrous membranes were 99.3% for E. coli and 96.1% for S. aureus, and their antibacterial mechanism was based on "contact killing" without the release of unfavorable biocides. We think that the QAC/h-BN/PP nanocomposite fibrous membranes could provide better protection to people.

To analyze the efficacy of children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) without prognostic fusion genes treated by CCLG-ALL 2008, and investigate the related factors affecting the recurrence of the patients.B-ALL patients without prognostic fusion genes treated by the protocol of CCLG-ALL 2008 in our hospital from March 2008 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up time was ended in August 31, 2019. The median follow-up time was 92 months (range 0-136 months). Kaplan-Meier was used to detect the RFS, and COX multivariate regression analysis was employed to identify the independent factors affecting the recurrence of the patients.There were 140 males and 99 females enrolled in this study. The ratio of male to female was 1.41∶1. The median age was 4.4 years old and the median number of WBC at initial stage was 4.98×10Age, initial WBC, and bone marrow MRD at the 12th week were correlated with recurrence in children with B-ALL without prognostic fusion genes, which can be used as prognostic indices of recurrence risk in clinical.无预后标志性基因的急性B淋巴细胞白血病患儿 随访10年复发因素的分析.通过分析CCLG-ALL 2008方案治疗无预后标志性融合基因的急性B淋巴细胞白血病（B-ALL）患儿的疗效，并分析影响复发的相关因素.回顾性分析239例于2008年3月至2012年12月在苏州大学附属儿童医院诊断为B-ALL、多重RT-PCR未检测到预后标志性融合基因，且接受CCLG-ALL 2008方案化疗的患儿，随防到2019年8月31日，中位随访时间92（0-136）个月。Kaplan-Meier分析无复发生存时间（RFS），COX多因素回归分析复发相关的独立因素.239例患儿中男性140例，女性99例，男女比例1.41∶1，中位诊断年龄4.4岁，初诊白细胞中位数是4.98×10年龄、初诊白细胞计数、第12周骨髓MRD与无预后标志性融合基因B-ALL患儿复发相关，在临床工作中可作为评估患儿复发风险的预后指标.

To analyze the efficacy of CCLG-ALL-2008 protocol and the related factors of treatment failure in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).The clinical data of 400 children newly-diagnosed ALL in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from March 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. All the children accepted CCLG-ALL-2008 protocol, and were followed-up until October 2019. The dates of relapse, death and causes of death were recorded. Treatment failure was defined as relapse, non-relapse death, and secondary tumor.Following-up for 10 years, there were 152 cases relapse or non-relapse death, the treatment failure rate was 38%, including 122 relapse (80.3%), 30 non-relapse deaths (19.7%) which included 7 cases (4 cases died of infection and 3 cases died of bleeding) died of treatment (23.3% of non-relapse deaths), 8 cases died of minimal residual disease (MRD) continuous positive (26.7% of non-relapse deaths) and 15 cases died of financial burden (50% of non-relapse deaths). According to the relapse stage, 37 cases (30%) in very early stage, 38 cases (31%) in early stage, and 47 cases (39%) in late stage, while according to the relapse site, 107 cases relapsed in bone marrow, 3 cases in testis, 3 cases in central nervous system (CNS), 5 cases in bone marrow plus testis and 4 cases in bone marrow plus CNS. Bone marrow relapse was the main cause of death in 89 cases, followed by nervous system. Initially diagnosed WBC count (≥50×10Relapse is the main cause of treatment failure in children with ALL. The initially diagnosed WBC count, immunophenotype and MRD at week 12 were the independent prognostic factors for relapse of the patients. Financial burden accounts for a large proportion of non-relapse death.儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病治疗失败的相关因素分析.分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）接受CCLG-ALL-2008方案治疗的临床疗效和治疗失败的相关因.回顾性分析2008年3月1日至2012年12月31日在苏州大学附属儿童医院新诊断为ALL并接受CCLG-ALL- 2008方案治疗的400例患儿的临床资料，并随访到2019年10月，记录患儿复发和死亡时间及死亡原因。治疗失败定义为复发、非复发性死亡和二次肿瘤.随访10年，共有152例患儿出现复发或者非复发性死亡，治疗失败率为38%，其中复发122例（80.3%），非复发性死亡30例（19.7%）。非复发性死亡包括治疗相关性死亡7例（占23.3%，感染死亡4例，出血死亡3例），骨髓微小残留病灶（MRD）持续阳性8例（占26.7%），经济原因放弃治疗15例（占50%）。 按照时间构成，极早期复发37例（30%），早期复发38例（31%），晚期复发47例（39%）。按照复发部位构成，单纯骨髓复发107例，单纯睾丸复发3例，单纯中枢神经系统复发3例，骨髓+睾丸复发5例，骨髓+中枢神经系统复发4例。死亡的89例患儿以骨髓复发为主，其次是神经系统。初诊白细胞数≥50×10复发是治疗失败的最主要原因，初诊白细胞数、免疫表型和第12周骨髓MRD是复发的独立预后因素。因经济因素导致治疗失败是无复发治疗失败的主要原因.

More than 110,000,000 tons of mismanaged plastics were to be produced in 2020. Polymers are favored in the preparation of thermally conductive materials due to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, most polymers fabricated for thermally conductive materials are difficult to degrade in the natural environment. To alleviate the increasingly severe environmental problems, we reported a novel eco-friendly material with high thermal conductivity, which was composited of chitosan microspheres (CSM) and hydroxyl-functionalized hexagonal boron nitride (OH-h-BN) nanoplatelets. Utilizing their significant difference in scales, the OH-h-BN nanoplatelets were arranged between each CSM. Their overall structure was similar to the honeycomb: CSM were honeycomb cores, and OH-h-BN nanoplatelets were honeycomb network. The routine-structure OH-h-BN/CS nanocomposites were only 0.94 ± 0.02 W·m−1·K−1 at 50 wt% in thermal conductivity. However, the OH-h-BN/CSM nanocomposites with honeycomb structure can reach 5.66 ± 0.32 W·m−1·K−1 in the same loading, for enhancement of 502% and 1914% than OH-h-BN/CS nanocomposites and pure CS, respectively.

Graphical abstract, Wearing surgical masks remains the most effective protective measure against COVID-19 before mass vaccination, but insufficient comfortability and low antibacterial/antiviral activities accelerate the replacement frequency of surgical masks, resulting in large amounts of medical waste. To solve this problem, we report new nanofiber membrane masks with outstanding comfortability and anti-pathogen functionality prepared using fluorinated carbon nanofibers/carbon fiber (F-CNFs/CF). This was used to replace commercial polypropylene (PP) nonwovens as the core layer of face masks. The through-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity of commercial PP nonwovens were only 0.12 and 0.20 W/m K, but the F-CNFs/CF nanofiber membranes reached 0.62 and 5.23 W/m K, which represent enhancements of 380% and 2523%, respectively. The surface temperature of the PP surgical masks was 23.9 ℃ when the wearing time was 15 min, while the F-CNFs/CF nanocomposite fibrous masks reached 27.3 ℃, displaying stronger heat dissipation. Moreover, the F-CNFs/CF nanofiber membranes displayed excellent electrical conductivity and produced a high-temperature layer that killed viruses and bacteria in the masks. The surface temperature of the F-CNFs/CF nanocomposite fibrous masks reached 69.2 ℃ after being connected to a portable power source for 60 s. Their antibacterial rates were 97.9% and 98.6% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, after being connected to a portable power source for 30 min.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a series of crystalline materials with ordered nanopores, are highly desirable for ultrafast and selective nanofiltration. However, COF-based membranes are typically synthesized via difficult synthetic procedures with long reaction time and show poor mechanical properties, which may hinder their widespread applications. Herein, a facile interfacial method is developed to synthesize COF membranes via the synergistic effect of interfacial diffusion and in-phase Brownian motion. Continuous free-standing COF films with a thickness of 111 nm are obtained within only 3 h under mild reaction conditions. Meanwhile, this synthesis method is suitable for the fabrication of COF membranes with a thin-film-composite (TFC) structure, enabling obtained COF membranes good mechanical properties under external forces and practical nanofiltration tests. Compared with other reported nanofiltration membranes, TFC-COFs exhibit state-of-the-art water permeance (173.94 L m2 h−1 bar−1) and superior rejections exceeding 98.50% to dyes larger than 1.3 nm. Precisely selective sieving of obtained TFC-COFs is systematically studied by separating diverse mixed dye solutions. Furthermore, monomers used in this method can be replaced, creating COF-based membranes with customizable functionality to enable a broad range of selective separations.

Ormosia hosiei (Fagaceae), a critically endangered plant species, is famous for its excellent wood from which the carving craft and high-grade furniture can be made. In this study, we characterized the complete chloroplast genome of O. hosiei based on next generation sequencing to analyze its phylogenetic position. The circular complete chloroplast genome of O. hosiei was 171,642 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 72,295 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,659 bp. These two regions were separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb), each of them 40,344 bp. A total of 144 functional genes were encoded, consisted of 98 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 38.1%, and the GC contents of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions were 33.5, 29.8, and 39.3%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood showed that the O. hosiei is clustered into one clade with Styphnolobium japonicum by strong support values, and thus is closely related to Styphnolobium.

Traditional nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) formed by interfacial polymerization (IP) present relatively low water permeance due to the limitation of polymer-based supports. This work reports high-performance carbon nanotubes-polyamide (CNTs-PA) NFMs with interlayer and functional layer covalently coupled. These membranes feature an interpenetrating network structure, which leads to an extremely high Congo red rejection of 99.47%. The water permeance of the optimal membrane (48.98 L m-2h−1 bar−1) is much higher than most membranes with similar Congo red rejection. Meanwhile, the obtained membranes show an excellent selectivity to NaCl/dye mixed solution (the selectivity of NaCl/CR is 150.32). Moreover, this work comprehensively demonstrates the aggregation kinetics of dye molecules under different pH environments, which strongly affects the dye rejection of the CNTs-PA membrane. The membrane exhibits a switchable CR release property that the CR rejection is severely disabled (2.12%) under a strong alkaline environment and immediately re-effective (99.38%) after neutralization. Building on these findings, our work expands the possibilities of NFMs in ultrafast molecular sieving and pH-responsive separation.

The formation of a continuous network for thermal transport is crucial for obtaining materials with high thermal conductivity. Herein, we report a novel epoxy-based composite with unique independent structures of liquid alloy (LQA) droplets and high thermal conductivity ceramic fillers. The ceramic fillers only aggregated in the spaces between the LQA droplets due to the low compatibility of the ceramic fillers and the LQA droplets, so that the LQA droplets and the ceramic fillers eventually form independent structures. This creates a continuous network in epoxy that is advantageous for thermal transport. Thermal conductivity measurements showed that the thermal conductivity of the Epoxy/LQA/ceramic composites can reach 2.46 W m−1K−1, for an enhancement of 1055.87% relative to pure epoxy. More importantly, the independent structures endowed the composites with excellent electrical safety. The electrical resistivity of the Epoxy/LQA composites was 8.53 × 107 Ω cm, while the electrical resistivities of the three Epoxy/LQA/ceramic composites were 3.11 × 1011 Ω cm (Epoxy/LQA/Al2O3), 2.41 × 1011 Ω cm (Epoxy/LQA/Si3N4), 4.45 × 1011 Ω cm (Epoxy/LQA/h-BN), respectively. This work provides a new perspective on both the fundamental science and practical applications of thermal transport in polymer composites.

Glycosylation of small molecules is one of the most widespread modifications which involve various physiological functions in plants. However, the determination of glycosylated small molecules is still challenging due to their low abundance and serious matrix interference in biological samples. Here, we developed a strategy for comprehensive profiling of glycosylated small molecules in rice using magnetic zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)-based solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (MSPE-LC-HRMS) analysis. Optimization of several experimental parameters was carried out on standard glycosylated compounds. Our results showed that magnetic ZrO2 exhibited high specificity toward 1,2-cis-diol and 1,3-cis-diol glycosyl-containing compounds. With the developed MSPE-LC-HRMS strategy, we successfully identified 27 glycosylated small molecules in rice samples, and a significant content change was observed in 6 glycosylated small molecules between cadmium (Cd)-free and Cd-stressed rice.

Bamboo charcoal is a high-quality biochar, with a large surface area, well-developed pores, and high mechanical strength. Therefore, it is one of the best choices of microbial immobilization carrier. In this study, the optimal preparation condition was examined for microorganisms immobilized on bamboo charcoal by the orthogonal test. The degradation effects of estrogen nonylphenol were compared between the bacteria immobilized on bamboo charcoal and free bacteria, and then feasibility of the reuse of immobilized bacteria was investigated. The results showed that lots of degrading bacteria could adhere to the surface and internal pores of bamboo charcoal. The optimum conditions for the preparation of immobilized microorganisms were as follows: 30 ℃, pH=7, 35-mesh bamboo charcoal. The degradation rate of nonylphenol was in good agreement with the first order kinetics equation. When the initial concentrations of nonylphenol were 30, 50, 80 and 100 mg·L竹炭是一种优质生物质炭,不仅比表面积大,孔隙发达,而且机械强度高,是微生物固定化载体的最佳选择之一.本文采用正交试验确定了竹炭固定化微生物的最佳制备条件,对比了竹炭固定菌和游离菌对水中类雌激素壬基酚的降解效果,并考察了竹炭固定菌的重复利用性.结果表明: 固定化后降解菌大量地附着在竹炭表面及内部孔隙中,其最佳制备条件为温度30 ℃、pH=7、竹炭粒径35目.壬基酚的降解符合一级动力学方程,在不同的壬基酚初始浓度下(30、50、80、100 mg·L

We screened a small molecular library that was designed and independently synthesized in vitro and found a new drug (MY-03-01) that is active against ovarian cancer. We established that MY-03-01 effectively inhibited SKOV-3 cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, based on cell viability rates, and that it not only induced SKOV-3 apoptosis by itself, but also did so synergistically with paclitaxel. Secondly, when MY-03-01 was applied at 40 μM, its hemolytic activity was less than 10%, compared with the control, and there was almost no damage to normal cells at this concentration. In addition, we used DAPI staining and flow cytometry to show that MY- 03-01 could significantly induce apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells. Finally, we found that MY-03-01 likely induced SKOV-3 apoptosis by activating caspase3 and caspase9 through the mitochondrial pathway.