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Trauma remains a tremendous medical burden partly because of increased expenditure for the management of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) developed during hospital stay. The intestinal barrier injury continues to be a second insult resulting in MODS which currently lacks efficient strategies for prevention. Recent studies have uncovered multi-organ protective benefits of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in cardiovascular disease. However, the role of ANP in the prevention of MODS following severe trauma has not been understood. In our laboratory study, 1-h infusion of exogenous ANP during hemorrhagic shock following severe trauma induced high-level expression of endogenous serum ANP after 24 h, this effect was related to the improved level of functional biomarkers in multiple organs. Such phenomenon has not been found in other laboratories. A thorough literature review consequently was performed to uncover the potential mechanisms, to appraise therapy safety, and to propose uncertainties. In severe trauma, short-term exogenous ANP therapy during hemorrhagic shock may promote sustained endogenous expression of ANP from intestinal epithelium through activating a positive feedback loop mechanism involving phospholipase C-γ1 and reactive oxygen species crosstalk. This feedback loop may prevent MODS through multiple signaling pathways. Administration of ANP during hemorrhagic shock is thought to be safe. Further studies are required to confirm our proposed mechanisms and to investigate the dose, duration, and timing of ANP therapy in severe trauma.

Compact city is the concept of sustainable development, which aimed at the city spread disorderly development is put forward. The form of compact city depends on the density of population and buildings in a city, emphasize the mixed use and intensive development of land. It is a kind of new thinking based on efficient use of land resources and the development of city. After compact city as a new urban development mode is put forward, to discuss whether it is conductive to China's urban sustainable construction has been continuously. This paper, at first, expounded the development of the concept of compact city and its basic connotation, then analyzed the present situation and significance about the compact city in China. Finally, China drawing on the experience of compact city needs to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, and puts forward some opinions on the compact city in China at the present stage of city sustainable development.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the best cholinergic neuronal differentiation method of rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Four methods were used to induce differentiation, and the groups were assigned accordingly: basal inducing group (culture media, bFGF, and forskolin); SHH inducing group (SHH, inducing group); RA inducing group (RA, basal inducing group); and SHH+RA inducing group (SHH, RA, and basal inducing group). All groups displayed neuronal morphology and increased expression of nestin and neuron-specific enolase. The basal inducing group did not express synapsin, and cells from the SHH inducing group did not exhibit neuronal resting membrane potential. In contrast, results demonstrated that BMSCs from the RA and SHH+RA inducing groups exhibited neuronal resting membrane potential, and cells from the SHH+RA inducing group expressed higher levels of synapsin and acetylcholine. In conclusion, the induction of cholinergic differentiation through SHH+RA was determined to be superior to the other methods.

In this article, we investigate hysteresis behavior observed in the current-voltage transfer curve of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) based thin film transistors (PTFTs) using bi-directional voltage sweeping. According to the results of our experiments, the hysteresis effects were closely related to oxygen (O2) and water (H2O) molecules residing in the P3HT active layer. As a result, we hypothesized that O2 and H2O in the P3HT could form two kinds of dopants, i.e., stable and transient states. Stable state dopants, which are commonly thought to be of the acceptor-type dopants, could induce holes in the channel region contributing to better on-current. On the contrary, transient state dopants were found to be unable to induce holes, however could enable the formation of polarization agents and create hysteresis. These two types of dopants seem have a common origin, thus they could be converted into each other through the combination of specific processes and applied external bias. From the viewpoint of device operation stability, except on-current level and characteristics including threshold voltage, off-current magnitude and on=off ratio, the impact of hysteresis should garner the attention of those pursuing high performance PTFTs.