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Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is an innegligible issue for patients undergoing interventional therapy. The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) are critical events in the development of IH. While the exact mechanism and effective target for IH needs further investigation. Metabolic disorders of arachidonic acid (ARA) are involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases. In this study, we found that the expressions of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly increased in the VSMCs during balloon injury-induced IH. Then, we employed a COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB to increase the concentration of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) while prevent the release of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Results showed that PTUPB treatment significantly reduced neointimal thickening induced by balloon injury in rats in vivo and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro. Our results showed that PTUPB may reverse the phenotypic transition of VSMCs by inhibiting Pttg1 expression. In conclusion, we found that the dysfunction of ARA metabolism in VSMCs contributes to IH, and the COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB attenuates IH progression by reversing the phenotypic switch in VSMC through the Sirt1/Pttg1 pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Restoration of ARA metabolic disorders in vascular smooth muscle cells alleviates intimal hyperplasia”, which we wish to be considered for publication in “European Journal of Pharmacology”. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that:, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, we optimized a method for fast and accurate determination of five impurity elements (As, Sb, Bi, Se, and Ge) in graphite samples to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods, such as complicated equipment, cumbersome process, multiple-time preparation, separate determination, and large error in results. Graphite samples were digested with HNO 3 -H 2 SO 4 -HClO 4 -HF in a high-temperature and high-pressure microwave digestion apparatus, and the elements were extracted and determined separately by AFS (atomic fluorescence spectrometry). There is no element loss during the processing and analysis of this method. The spike recoveries (As: 90.30%-102.3%, Sb: 90.73%-110.0%, Bi: 90.00%-99.67%, Se: 93.33%-110.0%, Ge: 92.26%-104.2%) and precision (RSD%; As: 1.34%-8.96%, Sb: 2.67%-7.10%, Bi: 1.83%-4.58%, Se: 0.36%-3.25%, Ge: 4.41%-8.65%) meet the requirements of the corresponding quality specifications. The method has some advantages (such as no elemental loss, fast testing, strong element targeting, and accurate results), and thus can achieve batch determination of graphite samples. The optimized method for graphite sample and final solution preparations can be used for diverse spectrometric technologies, and that for spectrometer conditions have reference value for HG-AFS instruments., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.)

Liquid-crystal microcavity lasers have attracted considerable attention because of their extraordinary tunability and sensitive response to external stimuli, and because they operate generally within a specific phase. Here, we demonstrate a liquid-crystal microcavity laser operated in the phase transition in which the reorientation of liquid-crystal molecules occurs from aligned to disordered states. A significant wavelength shift of the microlaser is observed, resulting from the dramatic changes in the refractive index of liquid-crystal microdroplets during the phase transition. This phase-transition microcavity laser is then exploited for sensitive thermal sensing, enabling a two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in sensitivity compared with the nematic-phase microlaser operated far from the transition point. Experimentally, we demonstrate an exceptional sensitivity of -40 nm/K and an ultrahigh resolution of 320 μK. The phase-transition microcavity laser features compactness, softness, and tunability, showing great potential for high-performance sensors, optical modulators, and soft matter photonics.

We propose and demonstrate experimentally the strong dissipative acousto-optic interaction between a suspended vibrating microfiber and a whispering-gallery microcavity. On the one hand, the dissipative response driven by an external stimulus of acoustic waves is found to be stronger than the dispersive response by 2 orders of magnitude. On the other hand, dead points emerge with the zero dissipative response at certain parameters, promising the potentials in physical sensing such as precise measurements of magnetic field and temperature. The strong dissipative acousto-optic interaction is then explored for ultrasensitive detection of broadband acoustic waves. A noise equivalent pressure as low as 0.81 Pa at 140 kHz in air is demonstrated experimentally, insensitive to cavity Q factors and does not rely on mechanical resonances.

The present study was designed to investigate the association between a change in vaginal local immunity and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection outcome in patients with cervical lesions, through the study of the expression of vaginal local immune factors, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and IgG, in patients with different grades of cervical lesions and different degrees of cervical lesions caused by HPV infection prior to and following treatment. The experimental group comprised 136 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 236 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 133 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, while the control group comprised 100 time- and location-matched healthy women. The concentrations of sIgA, IgG, IL-2 and IL-10 in the vaginal lavage fluid, were detected using ELISA prior to treatment and at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Prior to treatment, differences in HPV infection rate and changes in vaginal immune factors between patients with all grades of lesions and controls were statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, IL-2 and IL-10 expression levels and the IL-2/IL-10 ratio in patients with different grades of lesions, with or without seroconversion, were significantly different to those in controls (P<0.05). However, the differences between changes in IgG and sIgA expression between patients with HPV seroconversion and patients with persistent HPV infection were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the restoration of humoral immune function promotes HPV seroconversion, and that IL-2 and IL-10 levels and their ratio may reflect the severity of cervical lesions and treatment effects to a certain extent., (Copyright © 2019, Spandidos Publications.)

Background: This study aims to investigate the difference in vaginal microecology, local immunity and HPV infection among childbearing-age women with different degrees of cervical lesions., Methods: A total of 432 patients were included in this study. Among these patients, 136 patients had LSIL, 263 patients had HSIL and 33 patients had CSCC. These patients were assigned as the research groups. In addition, 100 healthy females were enrolled and assigned as the control group., Results: The microbiological indexes of vaginal secretions were evaluated. Furthermore, the concentrations of SIgA, IgG, IL-2 and IL-10 in vaginal lavage fluid, as well as the presence of HPV, mycoplasma and Chlamydia in cervical secretions, were detected. The results is that: (1) Differences in evaluation indexes of vaginal microecology among all research groups and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). As the degree of cervical lesions increased, the number of Lactobacillus decreased, and there was an increase in prevalence of bacterial imbalance, and the diversity, density and normal proportion of bacteria was reduced. Furthermore, the incidence of HPV, trichomonads, clue cell and Chlamydia infection increased. Moreover, the positive rate of H 2 O 2 decreased, while the positive rates of SNa and GADP increased. (2) Differences in the ratio of IL-2 and IL-10 in the female genital tract among all research groups and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.0001)., Conclusions: As the degree of cervical lesions increased, IL-2 decreased, IL-10 increased and IL-2/IL-10 decreased, while SIgA and IgG were elevated. The reduction of dominant Lactobacillus in the vagina, impairment of H 2 O 2 function, flora ratio imbalance, pathogen infections, reduction in IL-2/IL-10 ratio, and changes in SIgA and IgG levels could all be potential factors that influenced the pathogenicity of HPV infection and the occurrence and development of cervical lesions.

Metapopulation structure generated by recurrent extinctions and recolonizations plays an important role in the evolution of species but is rarely considered in agricultural systems. In this study, generation and mechanism of metapopulation structure were investigated by microsatellite assaying 725 isolates of Alternaria alternata sampled from potato hosts at 16 locations across China. We found a single major cluster, no isolate-geography associations and no bottlenecks in the A. alternata isolates, suggesting a metapopulation genetic structure of the pathogen. We also found weak isolation-by-distance, lower among than within cropping region population differentiation, concordant moving directions of potato products and net gene flow and the highest gene diversity in the region with the most potato imports. These results indicate that in addition to natural dispersal, human-mediated gene flow also contributes to the generation and dynamics of the metapopulation genetic structure of A. alternata in China. Metapopulation structure increases the adaptive capacity of the plant pathogen as a result of enhanced genetic variation and reduced population fragmentation. Consequently, rigid quarantine regulations may be required to reduce population connectivity and the evolutionary potential of A. alternata and other pathogens with a similar population dynamics for a sustainable plant disease management.

Reproductive mode can impact population genetic dynamics and evolutionary landscape of plant pathogens as well as on disease epidemiology and management. In this study, we monitored the spatial dynamics and mating type idiomorphs in ~700 Alternaria alternata isolates sampled from the main potato production areas in China to infer the mating system of potato early blight. Consistent with the expectation of asexual species, identical genotypes were recovered from different locations separated by hundreds of kilometers of geographic distance and spanned across many years. However, high genotype diversity, equal MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 frequencies within and among populations, no genetic differentiation and phylogenetic association between two mating types, combined with random association amongst neutral markers in some field populations, suggested that sexual reproduction may also play an important role in the epidemics and evolution of the pathogen in at least half of the populations assayed despite the fact that no teleomorphs have been observed yet naturally or artificially. Our results indicated that A. alternata may adopt an epidemic mode of reproduction by combining many cycles of asexual propagation with fewer cycles of sexual reproduction, facilitating its adaptation to changing environments and making the disease management on potato fields even more difficult.

Objective: To study the relationship of protein intake and energy supply with the physical growth in very/extremely low birth weight infant at their early life., Method: Retrospective survey was performed in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Peking University First Hospital. Inclusion criteria were preterm infant, birth weight < 1500 g, hospitalization for longer than 2 weeks, discharge with body weight greater than 1800 g. The infants were divided into two groups according to gestational age (GA). GA < 32 weeks and ≥ 32 weeks. Physical growth and its relation with the protein intake and energy supply were analyzed. The predictive value of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) on protein intake was studied., Result: Ninety-three very/extremely low birth weight infants were involved, 69 in GA < 32 weeks group and 24 in GA ≥ 32 weeks group.Compared with GA ≥ 32 group, GA < 32 weeks preterm infants had more weight loss, (9.2 ± 4.4)% vs. (5.0 ± 3.1)%, P = 0.000; slower birth weight recovery (10.6 ± 3.8) d vs. (7.1 ± 2.6) d, P = 0.000; poorer weight gain at 1, 4, 5 weeks of life, (-4.5 ± 9.3) g/ (kg·d) vs. (3.4 ± 6.9) g/ (kg·d), P = 0.000 , (13.5 ± 7.3) g/ (kg·d) vs. (19.2 ± 4.9) g/ (kg·d), P = 0.001, (14.6 ± 5.6) g/ (kg·d) vs. (18.2 ± 4.5) g/ (kg·d), P = 0.031; less energy supply at 1 to 5 weeks (P value was 0.000,0.000,0.025,0.001,0.008 respectively) and less protein intake at 1, 4, 5 weeks of life (P value was 0.009,0.006,0.032). Extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) was still predominant in our subjects, 47.8% in GA < 32 weeks group, and 95.8% in GA ≥ 32 weeks group, P = 0.000. The incidence increased greater in GA < 32 weeks infants, 43.5% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.000.The duration of weight loss and mechanical ventilation correlated negatively with weight gain rate, respectively β = -0.591, P = 0.000 and β = -0.281, P = 0.005; the average energy supply and time taken to reach full enteral feeding were factors improving weight gain, respectively β = 0.202, P = 0.021 and β = 0.354, P = 0.000. After birth, serum BUN declined gradually. Positive relation showed between average protein intake at 3(rd) week and BUN level at the end of 3 weeks, r = 0.420, P = 0.000. Serum BUN 1.44, 1.49 mmol/L at the end of 3(rd) and 4(th) week were cut-off predictors for protein intake less than 3 g/(kg·d) at related period, sensitivity and specificity were 65.3%, 83.3% and 60%, 80% respectively., Conclusion: No enough protein intake and energy supply, poor weight gain are critical problems in the management of very/extremely low birth weight infants. Prevention from NEC, appropriate parenteral/enteral nutrition transforming will benefit their physical growth. Low serum BUN after 3 weeks of life is a valuable predictor of low protein intake.

The possibility of a new endohedral fullerene with a trapped aluminum carbide cluster, Al(4)C@C(80)-I( h ), was theoretical investigated. The geometries and electronic properties of it were investigated using density functional theory methods. The Al(4)C unit formally transfers six electrons to the C(80) cage which induces stabilization of Al(4)C@C(80). A favorable binding energy, relatively large HOMO-LUMO gap, electron affinities and ionization potentials suggested the Al(4)C@C(80) is rather stable. The analysis of vertical ionization potential and vertical electron affinity indicate Al(4)C@C(80) is a good electron acceptor.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of intra- and extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and growth restriction in premature infants, and to illustrate the growth pattern of them in postnatal and infantile period., Methods: All premature infants were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the recent 7 years. The criteria for enrollment were (1) gestational age < 37 weeks; (2) single fetus; (3) admitted within the first 24 hours of life; (4) hospitalization period ≥ 14 days; (5) clinical follow-up persisted till ≥ 3 months of corrected gestational age. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), EUGR and growth restriction were defined as having a measured growth value (weight) that was ≤ 10(th) percentile of Chinese infants' growth curve in corrected age on admission, discharge and follow-up period. Results were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 statistical software package by chi-square test, rank-sum test, and t test., Results: Two hundred and thirty nine infants were involved, 134 were boys and 105 girls. The incidence of IUGR and EUGR assessed by weight was 25.5% and 40.6%, respectively. The lower the birth weight was, the higher the incidence of IUGR and EUGR was. The percentile of body weight in the growth curve at discharge was lower than that at birth (Z = -7.784, P = 0.000). The incidence of growth restriction assessed by weight was 20.5%, 15.0%, 8.8%, 17.0%, 10.4%, 10.1%, 11.9%, 7.0% at corrected gestational age of 38 - 40 weeks, corrected age of 28 d, 61 d, 91 d, 122 d, 152 d, 183 d, and 274 d, respectively. The incidences of growth restriction were stable when the corrected age was older than 91 days. The incidence of growth restriction in female premature infants at 183 days' corrected age was higher than that in male children (χ(2) = 6.181, P = 0.017), the incidence was 19.3% and 3.8% respectively. During the follow-up period, most of the average body weight of premature infants whose gestational age was < 32 weeks or birth weight ≤ 1500 g were lower than the 50(th) percentile of the growth curve except the average body weight of boys whose gestational age < 32 weeks at corrected age of 2 and 4 months., Conclusions: Premature and/or low birth weight infants are at high risk of growth restriction, especially very low birth weight infants. The incidence of growth restriction decreased with growth. Long-term prognosis requires further investigation.

Focusing on the speed and efficiency, the effects of different spectra on the growth of chlorella vulgaris and isochrysis galbana Parke 8701 were investigated by using monochromatic LED (light-emitting diode) and fluorescent lamp as light sources. It was concluded that continuous spectra accelerate the top-growth-rate, blue light has the best efficiency, and the combination of them can obtain a good balance of speed and efficiency. For the purpose of measuring spectra as a parameter of irradiation quantitatively, spectra-absorbability-coefficient defined as the quanta-absorbability- efficiency of spectra for algae was calculated by means of absorption spectra of algae and emission spectra of light sources. Compared with the experimental results the coefficients of different light sources have a positive correlation to their efficiency for growth, so the coefficient can be used to elementarily quantify the relation between the spectra and the efficiency for growth.

Schizophrenia has been linked with dysfunctions of glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission. Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of relative molecular mass 32 kDa (DARPP-32), encoded by PPP1R1B (protein phosphatase 1, regulatory/inhibitor subunit 1B) gene, is enriched in neostriatal medium spiny neurons. It plays a key regulator role in dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling pathways. The combined evidence from reduced DARPP-32 expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in schizophrenic patients and from abnormalities in mice with a genetic deletion of DARPP-32 or with point mutations in phosphorylation sites of DARPP-32 suggested that it would be worthwhile to investigate the association between DARPP-32 and schizophrenia. In the present study, we genotyped five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPP1R1B gene and conducted a case-control study involving 520 schizophrenic patients and 386 healthy subjects drawn from the Chinese population. No allelic, genotypic or haplotypic association was found. However, our results do not preclude the possibility that the PPP1R1B is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in the Chinese population, since, as a central molecular switch, PPP1R1B may contribute to schizophrenia by interacting with other genes. Further functional analysis and genetic association studies are needed to determine the potential roles of PPP1R1B and other related genes in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) is an important technique for trace analyses. In the present paper, based on the population rate equations, "2+1", "1+1" and "1+1+1" multiphoton resonant ionization processes of Mn atom are studied by computer simulation. The phenomena and the threshold condition of saturated excitation and ionization processes are discussed. The threshold laser intensities for saturated ionization of Mn atom with different RIS schemes are calculated. With the typical Q-switched laser duration of 10 ns, the obtained saturation threshold laser intensity for the ionization steps in all the resonant ionization processes of Mn is about 10(8) W x cm(-2) with the exception of the "1+ 1" resonant ionization of Mn which is 3 orders of magnitude lower. The obtained threshold laser intensity for the saturated excitation steps is about 10(2)-10(3) W x cm(-2) in "1+1" and "1+1+1" ionization processes. It is also shown that the threshold laser intensity required for saturated excitation and ionization processes turns smaller with the laser duration prolonged.

The research on the method of calculating FRET efficiency is important to organic white LED research. In the present article, a new method of calculating the FRET efficiency of donor-acceptor pair by means of emission and excitation spectra was investigated. This method is easy to use to process data, needs only normal experiment equipments and doesn't need the parameters such as fluorescence quantum yield. However it can only be used to calculate comparative result. With this method, the FRET efficiency of fluorescein sodium, alpha-naphthol, bromocresol purple and riboflavin with different concentrations was studied, and the results match the experimental results completely, so this method has proved to be reasonable.

Measurement of fluorescence intensity was performed at excitation wavelength of 308 nm and emission wavelength in the range of 328-596 nm. The partial least-squares (PLS) method was used to analyze autofluorescence spectra of gastric cancer. The 42 normal samples and 42 cancer samples were taken from 42 gastric cancer patients. The normalized and centralized spectra of two kinds of samples showed similar but divergent patterns. PLS classification algorithm could differentiate cancer tissues from normal tissues with a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 95.2%, and a positive predictive value of 94.6%. We concluded therefore that the PLS method was a fast, effective choice for identification of gastric cancer.

Some hybrid organic LEDs are made by using fluorescence dye and InGaN blue-light chip and the possibility of achieving white organic LED is investigated according to light conversion theory. Firstly, the LEDs made by normal method and double-dotting glue method are studied. It is found that the double-dotting glue method is too complex and the LEDs made by this way is low-luminance, so it isn't fit to make LED. Secondly the different weight ratio of 1/1/100, 1/1/200, 2/1.5/100 ax-17/zq-13/AB LEDs are manufactured. The 2/1.5/100 LED's color coordinate is (0.32, 0.30), approaching to white point and the correlative color temperature is 6290K which is close to sunlight. So it is a relatively ideal white lamp-house.

An organic luminescence material of white light was investigated. The organic luminescence film was made by heating and melting method. The film consists of riboflavin, anthrone derivative, and linear low-density polyethylene. The results show that the spectra of luminescence films were affected by weight ratio and heating time of the made films. The spectra were wide band from green light to red light. The organic white light emitting diodes made of this film have super performance.

In order to find the better target sample to investigate protoporphyrin IX metabolism in the cell proliferation process in chick embryos, the emission spectra of egg white, yolk and urine from non-incubated and incubated eggs were measured under the excitation at 405 nm. It was observed that, among the three components investigated, only yolk sample was possible to get in pureness almost through the whole incubation process. Furthermore, compared with the egg white, the yolk had more obvious characteristic emission of protoporphyrin IX and lower background spectra and turned to be the better target sample for the investigation. The relative characteristic emission intensity of PpIX of yolk samples was used to determine the level of PpIX metabolism. It was found that the relative emission intensity increases during the first 10 days of proliferation process, indicating an increase in the concentration or in the metabolism level of protoporphyrin IX. The relative emission intensity, hence the PpIX metabolism level, then decreased gradually during the rest days of proliferation process. These results are similar to those obtained on human malignant tumors as they develop. The result testifies the point of view further that the abnormity of PpIX metabolism is correlative to the rapid limitless cell proliferation.

According to Forster's theory about energy transfer, the energy transfer between riboflavin and anthrone derivative was investigated. It was found that there is a notable energy transfer between riboflavin and anthrone derivative, and the energy transfer efficiency is affected by the following factors: heating temperature, heating time, and mass ratio. And the best ratio of riboflavin and anthrone derivative is 1:3. At the same time the energy transfer efficiency drops with increasing heating temperature and time.

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effects of carotenoid on the spectroscopic examination of human blood serum by simulating the metabolizability of the carotenoid and porphyrin during the development of cancer and by studying the fluorescence of them. Blood serum was prepared with blood sample from elbow vein and the luminescence center of blood serum was studied using photo induced-luminescence techniques. The major factors of blood serum fluorescence were electron transitions in serological protein, carotenoid and porphyrin molecules with conjugated groups. The intensity of the fluorescence spectrum at 530 nm was enhanced while the minimum intensity at 614 nm was also enhanced with the content of carotenoid increasing, thus the value of diagnostic symbol I decreased, namely the veracity of cancer examination decreased.

The action spectrum of photosynthesis of tomato was studied with excitation and fluorescence spectra of its leaf. To simulate action spectrum of tomato the fluorescent auxiliary was specially prepared and used to make the photo-ecology film. The film was used to cover the roof of greenhouses for planting tomatoes in Jianguo village of Xinfa town, Daoli district, Harbin. The survey of ecology conditions, tomato growth and yield has been made in comparison with those in the greenhouse using normal film. It is shown that the yield of tomato in the photo-ecology film greenhouse has increased by 53.7%, which leads to a production value rise of 61.4%.

The porphyrin compound in human body mainly includes hemoglobin, protoheme, protoporphyrin, coproporphyrin, uroporphyrin and so on. As we know, the metabolism of the porphyrin in human body depends on the physical conditions. It was found that the relative content of protoporphyrin (PPIX) and carotenoid in blood varied with the developing of the malignant tumor. A system, including Ti: sapphire laser, optical fiber delivery system, fluorescence probe, spectrometer CCD and computer, has been developed to examine the porphyrin in human superficial skin tissue without trauma. It was shown that the fluorescence spectrum of the porphyrin obtained from the superficial skin tissue of human earlobe has the same feature as that from the aqueous solution with PP IX.

The influence of dispersion and nonlinearity on the spectra was analysed. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation was solved numerically in the frequency domain. The effect of the initial chirp on the spectra of different formats was simulated. It was found that the influence of the initial chirp on the spectra changed with different formats. The positive initial chirps make spectra spreading and negative initial chirps have little influence upon spectra for Gauss pulses. For super Gauss pulses, the spectra have some side tails, which cause energy loss, but the initial chirp has very little effect on the spectra. The initial chirps have a great influence on the spectra for soliton pulse, especially for high order soliton, which suggests that initial chirp must be decreased for stable pulse transmission.

The acting spectra for the photosynthesis of radish were investigated by the reflection spectra of radish leaves. It was found that the reflection spectrum of radish leaves and the acting spectrum required for photosynthesis were similar to a reflection peak at 550 nm and two absorption bands around wavelengths of 440 and 680 nm. The fluorescent auxiliary and colorant were dispersed in macromolecule resin to make the photo-ecology agricultural film, hence simulating the acting spectra of crops. The fluorescence spectrum of photo-ecology film showed two emission bands at the wavelengths of 616 and 660 nm which overlap the band of 680 nm in the acting spectrum. In the excitation spectra of the film, a peak was found at the wavelength of 550 nm, the same as the reflection band of radish leaves. As a result of this, the solar radiation in the wavelength range of red could be enriched by using the photo-ecology film. It was shown that the yield of radish, planted in the greenhouse of the photo-ecology film, had increased by 20.2%.