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Nowadays, the rapid development of the social economy inevitably leads to global energy and environmental crisis. For this reason, more and more scholars focus on the development of photocatalysis and/or electrocatalysis technology for the advantage in the sustainable production of high-value-added products, and the high efficiency in pollutants remediation. Although there is plenty of outstanding research has been put forward continuously, most of them focuses on catalysis performance and reaction mechanisms in laboratory conditions. Realizing industrial application of photo/electrocatalytic processes is still a challenge that needs to be overcome by social demand. In this regard, this review comprehensively summarized several explorations in the field of photo/electrocatalytic reduction towards potential industrial applications in recent years. Special attention is paid to the successful attempts and the current status of photo/electrocatalytic water splitting, carbon dioxide conversion, resource utilization from waste, etc., by using advanced reactors. The key problems and challenges of photo/electrocatalysis in future industrial practice are also discussed, and the possible development directions are also pointed out from the industry view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti3C2Tx MXene shows great promise as a supercapacitor electrode material owing to its high conductivity and pseudocapacitive nature. Phosphorus doping is an efficient strategy to boost its capacitance due to the synergistic effect of the P–O and P–C species formed. However, the contribution to enhanced capacitance from specific phosphorus doped species in P-doped Ti3C2Tx remains largely unexplored. Herein, phosphorus atoms are selectively grafted onto Ti3C2Tx MXene, introducing only P–O doped species and how this doping configuration contributes to capacitance is unraveled. The results show that 2.1 at% P-doped Ti3C2Tx delivers a capacitance enhancement of 35% (437 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1) in comparison with pristine MXene and outstanding cycling stability. Multiple in situ and ex situ characterization studies along with DFT calculations collectively reveal that the formed P–O bonds are new active sites for a two-proton bonding-debonding process, leading to enhanced charge storage and capacitive performance in MXene. However, higher surface phosphorus doping would destroy crystal integrity of MXene and leads to performance deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of efficient non‐noble metal catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to fuels and chemicals is desired yet remains a challenge. Herein, we report that single Mo atoms with a MoN3 (pyrrolic) moiety enable remarkable CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation to CO, as predicted by density functional theory studies and evidenced by a high and stable conversion of CO2 reaching about 30.4 % with a CO selectivity of almost 100 % at 500 °C and very low H2 partial pressure. Atomically dispersed MoN3 is calculated to facilitate CO2 activation and reduces CO2 to CO* via the direct dissociation path. Furthermore, the highest transition state energy in CO formation is 0.82 eV, which is substantially lower than that of CH4 formation (2.16 eV) and accounts for the dominant yield of CO. The enhanced catalytic performances of Mo/NC originate from facile CO desorption with the help of dispersed Mo on nitrogen‐doped carbon (Mo/NC), and in the absence of Mo nanoparticles. The resulting catalyst preserves good stability without degradation of CO2 conversion rate even after 68 hours of continuous reaction. This finding provides a promising route for the construction of highly active, selective, and robust single‐atom non‐precious metal catalysts for reverse water–gas shift reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporation of CdS quantum dots is shown to significantly promote photocatalytic hydrogen production from water over single-layer MoS2 in a remote manner via their dispersions on a carbon nanotube as a nanocomposite: the hydrogen evolution rate is found to be critically dependent on the content and structural integrity of the carbon nanotube such that the double-walled carbon nanotube shows superior H2 production to a single-walled carbon nanotube because the inner carbon tubules survive from the structural damage during functionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain engineering has emerged as a powerful approach in steering material properties. However, the mechanism and potential limitations remain poorly understood. Here we report that subtle changes in molecular configurations can profoundly affect, conducively or adversely, the catalytic selectivity and product turnover frequencies (TOFs) of CO2 reduction reaction. Specifically, introducing molecular curvature in cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine improves the multielectron reduction activity by favorable *CO hydrogenation, attaining methanol Faradaic efficiency up to 52 %. In stark contrast, strained iron phthalocyanine exacerbates *CO poisoning, leading to decreased TOFCO by >50 % at −0.5 VRHE and a rapid current decay. The uniform dispersion is crucial for optimizing electron transfer, while activity is distinctly sensitive to the local atomic environment around the active sites. Specifically, local strain either enhances binding to intermediates or poisons the catalytic sites. Our comprehensive analysis elucidates the intricate relationship between molecular structure and activities, offering insights into designing efficient heterogeneous molecular interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]