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Studying the changes of land use and its impacts on ecological condition in coastal areas is of great significance for understanding the evolution of the regional ecological conditions and even global change. In this study, the study area encompassed 10 provincial administrative units of China's coastal areas, covering a total of 56 cities. Based on the land use and land cover data in 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 and the corresponding elevation data, we assessed ecological conditions and its temporal dynamic evolution and spatial differentiation characteristics with the ecological grade index method. The effects of the elevation differentiation and land-sea gradient on the ecological condition in China's coastal areas were analyzed. The results showed that the ecological conditions of China's coastal areas were basically stable and deteriorated on the whole although partially improved from 1980 to 2015. With Hangzhou Bay as a boundary-belt, ecological conditions in southern parts were better than that in the northern parts. The ecological grade index differed significantly with the variation of elevation. The areas with elevation below 10 m were in relatively poor ecological condition, and the regions below 30 m had the most obvious changes of ecological conditions. Moreover, the ecological conditions increased with elevation, with a gradual turn-around trend of improvement at above 400 m. There was a gradient characteristic of the ecological grade index in China's coastal areas, showing a high-low-high pattern from land to sea. Furthermore, the maximum value of ecological condition changes appeared at a distance of 10 km to the coastline, and the values decreased with the increasing of distance to the coastline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with cisplatin (DDP) on DDP-resistant cell line SGC-7901/DDP and their molecular mechanism.Methods SGC-7901/DDP cells were divided into four groups including a control group,a ginsenoside Rg3 (40 μg/ml) treatment group,a DDP (1.40 μg/ml) treatment group,and a drug combination treatment group.The proliferation ability of SGC-7901/DDP cells was detected by MTT,EdU,and colony formation assays.The apoptosis ability of SGC-7901/DDP cell was detected by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining.The protein levels of apoptosis-related markers were detected by Western blotting.The migration ability of SGC-7901/DDP cells was detected by wound healing and Transwell assays.The expression levels of proteins in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.Results Compared with the ginsenoside Rg3 or the DDP treatment groups,the drug combination treatment group inhibited the proliferation ( t =8.062, P =0.001; t =7.090, P =0.002),colony formation ( t =8.062, P =0.001; t =6.144, P =0.004),and migration ( t =7.424, P =0.002; t =4.317, P =0.013),and promoted the apoptosis ( t =5.530, P =0.031; t =6.036, P =0.026) of SGC-7901/DDP cells.Compared with the ginsenoside Rg3 and the DDP treatment groups,the drug combination treatment group down-regulated the expression levels of EMT-associated proteins including vimentin ( t =24.450, P <0.001; t =14.750, P <0.001),Snail ( t =29.640, P <0.001; t =70.700, P <0.001),Slug ( t =89.230, P <0.001; t =87.360, P <0.001),matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 ( t =84.540, P <0.001; t =67.120, P <0.001),and MMP9 ( t =19.010, P <0.001; t =10.890, P <0.001),as well as those of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins including Wnt ( t =35.480, P <0.001; t =14.670, P <0.001),β-catenin ( t =155.800, P <0.001; t =118.100, P <0.001),C-myc ( t =20.870, P <0.001; t =3.334, P =0.029),and cyclin D1 ( t =5.007, P =0.008; t =8.347, P =0.001).Meanwhile,it up-regulated the expression of epithelial cells including E-cadherin ( t =36.450, P <0.001; t =33.810, P <0.001) and ZO-1 ( t =37.060, P <0.001; t =37.030, P <0.001).Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg3 enhanced the sensitivity of SGC-7901/DDP cells to DDP by inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Studying the changes of land use and its impacts on ecological condition in coastal areas is of great significance for understanding the evolution of the regional ecological conditions and even global change. In this study, the study area encompassed 10 provincial administrative units of China's coastal areas, covering a total of 56 cities. Based on the land use and land cover data in 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 and the corresponding elevation data, we assessed ecological conditions and its temporal dynamic evolution and spatial differentiation characteristics with the ecological grade index method. The effects of the elevation differentiation and land-sea gradient on the ecological condition in China's coastal areas were analyzed. The results showed that the ecological conditions of China's coastal areas were basically stable and deteriorated on the whole although partially improved from 1980 to 2015. With Hangzhou Bay as a boundary-belt, ecological conditions in southern parts were better than that in the northern parts. The ecological grade index differed significantly with the variation of elevation. The areas with elevation below 10 m were in rela-tively poor ecological condition, and the regions below 30 m had the most obvious changes of ecological conditions. Moreover, the ecological conditions increased with elevation, with a gradual turnaround trend of improvement at above 400 m. There was a gradient characteristic of the ecological grade index in China's coastal areas, showing a high-low-high pattern from land to sea. Furthermore, the maximum value of ecological condition changes appeared at a distance of 10 km to the coastline, and the values decreased with the increasing of distance to the coastline.