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To investigate the etiology, pathogens, treatment, and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE). Patients diagnosed with EE over three decades at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. A total of 97 eyes from 81 patients were included. Diabetes was the most common predisposing medical condition (34.6%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.3%) and Candida albicans (32.8%) were the most common pathogens. Liver abscess (20.6%) was the predominant cause EE due to liver abscess had a worse initial visual acuity (P < 0.05). Patients who initially underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV)+silicone oil tamponade underwent fewer total treatments (P < 0.05). In the past 10 years, the proportion of Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli, and Candida showed an upward trend. Over the past 15 years, EE after liver abscess and immunosuppression has increased, while EE from genitourinary systems has decreased. EE was a devastating intraocular disease with a poor visual prognosis. The initial condition and prognosis of EE after liver abscess were the worst. PPV+silicone oil tamponade as an initial treatment may reduce additional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the critical window of comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization, the high-quality development of the feed industry has become the only way to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power and realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Facing the Chinese-style modernization, the digital economy has achieved remarkable results in the accelerated iterative innovation of digital technology, the rapid development of digital finance, and the rapid rise of e-commerce platforms, providing a strong driving force for the high-quality development of the feed industry. From the perspective of internal mechanism, the digital economy can not only effectively improve the internal management efficiency of feed enterprises, but also help to build a good corporate brand image, accelerate the reconstruction of traditional marketing channels, and drive the high-quality development of the feed industry. From the perspective of the realization path, feed enterprises should focus on promoting the development of digital trade and expanding the export scale of feed products, take promoting the orderly flow of data as a foothold to reduce the transaction costs of the industrial chain, take strengthening the construction of online platforms as a starting point to expand the space for industrial value-added and efficiency enhancement, thereby promoting the high-quality development of the feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To estimate the efficacy and safety of ocriplasmin for patients with vitreous macular traction (VMT). Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid were searched up to May 2020 to identify related studies. Statistical analysis was conducted by R software version 3.6.3. Results in proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by means of Freeman–Tukey variant of arcsine square transformation. Results: The pooling results indicated the overall complete release rate was 50% (95% CI [45%–54%]). For VMT patients younger than 65 years old, with smaller adhesion size of VMT (<1500 μm), phakic eyes, with macular hole (MH) and subretinal fluid (SRF), while without epiretinal membrane (ERM), ocriplasmin could achieve much higher complete release rates than those under opposite conditions. The general nonsurgical closure rate of MH was 34% (95% CI [30%–37%]), and it was positively correlated with the MH size. The visual improvement rate was 45% (95% CI [32%–59%]), and it was higher for patients with VMT resolution (59%, 95% CI [41%–75%]). The secondary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) rate for patients without MH closure or VMT resolution was about 31% (95% CI [23%–39%]). The incidence of MH progression was 10% (95% CI [4%–18%]), and other severe adverse events such as endophthalmitis, retinal detachment and retinal tear were relatively rare. Conclusion: Ocriplasmin is an effective, reliable and relatively safe intervention for the treatment of VMT. The most suitable candidates were patients younger than 65 years old, with smaller adhesion size (<1500 μm), phakic eyes, with MH and SRF, while without ERM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the impacts of angiotensin II (Ang II) on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient ( apoE -/- ) mice., Methods: apoE -/- male mice were infused by minipumps with Ang II at 1000 ng/kg·min (Ang II group) or saline (control group) for 28d. They were underwent ophthalmic fundus examination on day 0, 14, and 28 of infusion. Histopathologic examination, ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and local Ang II measurement of retinas were conducted., Results: Ophthalmic fundus examination showed Ang II infusion promoted the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions on day 28. Optical coherence tomography revealed the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in the control group was significantly thinner than that in Ang II group ( P <0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated diffused swelling of GCIPL layer and its disordered structure in Ang II group. Transmission electron microscopy showed Ang II infusion caused aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions, including increased swelling, roughness, disorganization of the retinal vasculature, and vacuoles formation. RNA-sequencing and gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that the structure and function of cellular membrane might be disturbed and visual function might be compromised by Ang II. The local level of Ang II was higher in Ang II infusion group but did not show significant differences compared to the control group ( P =0.086)., Conclusion: Ang II infusion promotes the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions in apoE -/- mice, causing aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions, more severe disorganization of the retinal vasculature and disturbance of the cellular membrane., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Aim: To compare the ocular fundus features of highly myopic eyes with and without macular Bruch's membrane (BM) defects and investigate the associations between macular BM defects and other myopic lesions., Methods: This retrospective, observational case series included 262 eyes (139 patients) with high myopia (HM) refractive error ≥-6.0 diopters (D) or axial length ≥26.5 mm from March 2019 to December 2019. The patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The features of macular BM defects and other ocular fundus lesions were examined in OCT images., Results: Totally 51 eyes (19.5%) were detected with macular BM defects, which were characterized by a lack of BM, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and an almost complete loss of photoreceptors or choriocapillaris. Eyes with macular BM defects had worse best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) than those without ( P <0.001). Dome-shaped macula (DSM, P =0.042), retinal cysts ( P =0.006), choroidal neovascularization (CNV, P <0.001), choroidal defects and abnormality ( P =0.003), scleral defects ( P =0.015), scleral deformation ( P =0.005), posterior staphyloma ( P =0.011), and perforating vessels ( P <0.001) occurred more frequently in eyes with macular BM defects. In multivariate analysis, the presence of macular BM defects remained the significant association with presence of DSM ( P =0.013), scleral defects ( P =0.015), posterior staphyloma ( P =0.001), perforating vessels ( P <0.001) and CNV ( P =0.004)., Conclusion: Macular BM defects has a prevalence of approximately 20% in HM and it has tight association with other myopic fundus lesions. BM might be crucial in the pathogenesis of myopic fundus lesions due to its biomechanical function. A comprehensive understanding of BM's role is useful for further researches about myopic lesions., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disease, which is the leading cause of blindness in western countries. There is an urgency to establish new therapeutic strategies that could prevent or delay the progression of AMD more efficiently. Until now, the pathogenesis of AMD has remained unclear, limiting the development of the novel therapy. Bruch's membrane (BM) goes through remarkable changes in AMD, playing a significant role during the disease course. The main aim of this review is to present the crucial processes that occur at the level of BM, with special consideration of the lipid accumulation and protein modifications. Besides, some therapies targeted at these molecules and the construction of BM in tissue engineering of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells transplantation were listed. Hopefully, this review may provide a reference for researchers engaged in pathogenesis or management on AMD., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Objective: To analyze the auditory capability of preschool children before and after cochlear implantation using meaningful auditory integration scale (MAIS) questionnaire., Methods: Eighty-two prelingually deaf patients participated in this study. They received a cochlear implant at the age of 3 to 6 years and 11 months. The audiologists who were trained for the research used the MAIS questionnaire. Audiologists asked for the parents' answers and recorded all the information about the device using (Q1,2) and the patient's spontaneous auditory behavioural responses including spontaneous alerting to sound Q3 approximately 6 and deriving meaning from sound (Q7 approximately 10). The evaluation was performed before operation and 1 , 3, 6 months, 1, 1.5, 2 years after switch-on., Results: The scores of question 1a and 1b were not significantly different among the different periods after switch-on. The scores of question 2 to 10 were significantly different among the different periods after switch-on., Conclusions: Considerable variability across subjects' auditory ability after cochlear implantation was noted. Most of the patients showed no consistent response to sound in everyday life before implantation. After cochlear implantation, a significant increase in auditory capability occurred. The children demonstrated faster development of device using relative to spontaneous alerting to sound and deriving meaning from sound.