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Based on the genome information of rice (Nipponbare), this study screened and identified six raffinose synthase (RS) genes and analyzed their physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, conserved domains, promoter cis-acting elements, and the function and genetic diversity of the gene-CDS-haplotype (gcHap). The results showed that these genes play key roles in abiotic stress response, such as OsRS5, whose expression in leaves changed significantly under high salt, drought, ABA, and MeJA treatments. In addition, the OsRS genes showed significant genetic variations in different rice populations. The main gcHaps of most OsRS loci had significant effects on key agronomic traits, and the frequency of these alleles varied significantly among different rice populations and subspecies. These findings provide direction for studying the RS gene family in other crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of wind power penetration level, the operation state of power system is more complex and changeable. The transient security region (TSR) has unique advantages for analyzing power system with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) model. In this paper, the influence of wind power penetration level, location of DFIGs, and uncertainty of DFIGs on TSR are studied, and the theoretical analysis is carried out in combination with the extended equal area criterion. The results are verified on the New England 39-bus test system.

Accurate load model significantly influences the numerical simulations of power system. The load model obtained by the component‐based method does not adequately reflect the load time‐varying characteristics, and the measurement‐based method relies on fault data, but system faults rarely occur. Inspired by the theory of non‐intrusive load monitoring, the load component decomposition and online modelling method based on the small disturbance response characteristic matching is proposed. An optimization model for the load component decomposition based on the curve fitting of small disturbance response characteristics is established. The construction method of a typical load model library is given and a neural network‐based solution is designed. The proposed method can determine the load components that constitute the synthesis load model and their proportions by only analysing the small disturbance real‐time measurement data. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the distribution of the decomposition errors was analysed by the Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the synthesis load model was verified by a fault simulation using the CEPRI 36‐node system. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide accurate load compositions and dynamically update the synthesis load model for the online power system simulation, planning and operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carboxylesterases (CXE, EC 3.1.1.1), a class of hydrolases with an α/β folding domain, play important roles in plant growth and development and stress response. Here, we identified 32, 63, 41, and 45 CXE genes in Oryza sativa Japonica (Nipponbare), Oryza sativa Indica (93-11), Oryza sativa Indica ( Xian -1B1 var.IR64), and Oryza sativa Japonica ( Geng -sbtrp var.ChaoMeo), respectively. Then, we analyzed the chromosomal location, physical and chemical properties, subcellular localization, collinearity, and selection pressure of CXE genes in four rice varieties. We also analyzed the functional interaction network, cis-regulatory elements, evolutionary relationship, and protein tertiary structure, and performed gene expression profiling and qPCR verification under abiotic stress, as well as diversity analysis of 3010 gene-CDS-haplotype (gcHap) rice samples, aiming to understand the potential function of the 32 OsCXE genes. Our results indicated that fragment replication is the main reason for amplification of the CXE gene family in rice, and the gene family has undergone strong purification selection. OsCXE3.1, OsCXE3.2, OsCXE3.3, OsCXE5.1 , and OsCXE7.3 may be used to improve the tolerance of rice to abiotic stress. OsCXE play important roles in rice population differentiation and improvement, and the major gcHaps at most OsCXE locus are significantly associated with yield traits. Therefore, natural variations of most OsCXE locus have great potential value for improvement of rice productivity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Wang, Dou, Meng, Tang, Lv, Wang, Wang, Li, Bao, Zhang, Huang and Shi.)