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Prostate artery embolization (PAE) is a promising minimally invasive therapy that improves lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard therapy for LUTS/BPH.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PAEA literature review was performed to identify all published articles on PAEEleven studies involving 1070 participants were included. Compared with the TURP group, the PAE group had a similar effect on the International Index of Erectile Function (IPSS) score, Peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual volume (PVR), Prostate volume (PV), prostatic specific antigen (PSA), The International Index of Erectile Function short form (IIEF-5) scores, and erectile dysfunction during 24 mo follow-up. Lower quality of life (QoL) score, lower rate of retrograde ejaculation and shorter hospital stay in the PAE group. There was no participant death in either group. A higher proportion of haematuria, urinary incontinence and urinary stricture was identified in the TURP group.PAE may be an appropriate option for elderly patients, patients who are not candidates for surgery, and patients who do not want to risk the potential adverse effects of TURP. Studies with large cases and long follow-up time are needed to validate results.

Creativity of primary and secondary school students is a major focus of research in the educational science. In this study, we examined how willpower affects the creativity of Chinese primary and secondary school students and what role the knowledge reserves and creative thinking play in this process. Specifically, we hypothesize that (a) elementary and middle school students’ willpower has a direct positive effect on their creativity, (b) willpower influences their creativity mediated by knowledge reserves and creative thinking, and (c) willpower influences their creativity development through a significant serial multiple mediating effect of knowledge reserves and creative thinking. In this study, a total of 5,176 primary and middle school students ranging from the grade 1 to 9 completed a set of questionnaires assessing willpower, knowledge reserves, creative thinking, and creativity. We used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the variables in the Research Objectives. Results indicate that the direct positive effect of elementary and middle school students’ willpower on creativity production is weak, and the indirect effect mediated by knowledge reserves and creative thinking is significant. Results suggest that cultivating primary and secondary school students’ willpower is important to enhance their creativity, and teachers can better help Chinese primary and secondary school students develop their creativity by not only choosing appropriate teaching strategies in the process of creative education, but also by paying attention to making willpower closely integrated with the knowledge reserves and creative thinking.

Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important workhorse in industrial white biotechnology. It has been widely applied in the producing processes of amino acids, fuels, and diverse value-added chemicals. With the continuous disclosure of genetic regulation mechanisms, various strategies and technologies of synthetic biology were used to design and construct C. glutamicum cells for biomanufacturing and bioremediation. This study mainly aimed to summarize the design and construction strategies of C. glutamicum-engineered strains, which were based on genomic modification, synthetic biological device-assisted metabolic flux optimization, and directed evolution-based engineering. Then, taking two important bioproducts (N-acetylglucosamine and hyaluronic acid) as examples, the applications of C. glutamicum cell factories were introduced. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and future development trends of C. glutamicum-engineered strain construction.

[Objective] Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of high mortality worldwide, and vascular calcification (VC) increases the incidence of adverse prognostic events and mortality in CVD. Osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and induction of inflammation could be among the mechanisms of VC. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is an anti-inflammatory factor that protects against atherosclerosis (AS) and VC by unknown mechanisms. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of IL-37 on calcification in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). [Methods] The human aortic smooth muscle cells (HA-SMC) were purchased from CTCC (Meisen, China), Alizarin red S staining was used to measure the degree of cell calcification, flow cytometry measured the level of apoptosis, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) measured the cell proliferation activity, and qPCR was used to measure the expression of toll-like receptor(TLR4),nuclear factor kappa-B( NF-κB), Runt-related Transcription Factor 2(RUNX2), Smooth muscle actin(SMA), smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α), Msh homeobox 2(MSX2)、Osteocalcin(OC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Western blot measured the level of TLR4, NF-κB, RUNX2, and phosphorylated NF-κB(PP65), and immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression and location of SM22α.Differences were analyzed via Student’s t test or one-way analysis of variance [Results] Ox-LDL induction caused HA-SMC calcification and promoted HA-SMC apoptosis and value addition. After IL-37 intervention, calcification was significantly reduced, TLR4/NF-κB/RUNX2 expression activated by ox-LDL was decreased, and cell proliferation activity was inhibited, apoptosis rate was decreased, and PP65 expression was downregulated. IL-37 inhibited P65phosphorylation by inhibiting TLR. Down-regulation of osteogenesis-related factor expression plays a protective role against cellular calcification. [Conclusion] The current data demonstrated that IL-37 inhibits NF-κB phosphorylation by downregulating the ox-LDL-activated TLR4-NF-κ Bsignaling pathway, reduces the expression of the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2/ALP, and inhibits VSMC osteogenic transformation, thereby reducing the level of cellular calcification. These findings provided a basis for the use of IL-37 as a novel therapeutic target.

The P(3HB-co-4HB) is commonly used for biomedical applications. This is due to the desired mechanical properties as well as biocompatibility, non-genotoxicity, and non-cytotoxicity of this copolymer. However, the production of P(3HB-co-4HB) with a specific 4HB molar fraction is still limited. In this study, carbon precursors at different combinations and concentration ratios have been used in the production of P(3HB-co-4HB) bioplastics using locally isolated Cupriavidus sp. TMT11. The carbon precursors 1,6-hexandiol, 1,4-butanediol, and g-butyrolactone were used to screen for high cell biomass, PHA content, and 4HB molar fraction through Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis. Generally, the combination of various carbon precursors showed an increase in cell biomass. The carbon combination of 1,4-butanediol and g-butyrolactone at the ratio of 4:2 and carbon combination of 1,6-hexanediol and g-butyrolactone at a ratio of 1:5 showed high amount of cell biomass above 0.35 g/L on day 3. Nevertheless, the 4HB molar fraction of both the combination was recorded as 9±0.27 mol% and 14±1.1 mol% respectively. The lowest amount of cell biomass and PHA yield were recorded with the carbon combination of 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol with the ratio 5:1 at 0.55±0.13 g/L. However, the highest 4HB molar fraction of 89.37±3.6 mol% 4HB was recorded with this combination. The 4HB molar fraction above 80 mol% was reported with a carbon combination of 1,6-hexanediol +1,4-butanediol at 5:1, 1:1, and 2:4 ratio. The varying combination of carbon precursors biosynthesized a wide range of 4HB molar fractions ranging from 9.07 to 89.37 mol% 4HB.

Aims: This study aims to explore early intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Background: Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Due to many reasons, the need for early intensive lipid-lowering therapy is far from being met in Chinese NSTE-ACS patients at high risk of recurrent ischaemic events. Objective: This study evaluates the feasibility, safety and efficacy of starting evolocumab in hospitals to lower LDL-C levels in Chinese patients with NSTE-ACS. Methods: In this prospective cohort study initiated by researchers, 334 consecutive patients with NSTEACS who had sub-standard LDL-C levels (LDL-C ≥2.3 mmol/L after regular oral statin treatment for at least 4 weeks; or LDL-C ≥3.2 mmol/L without regular oral statin treatment) were included. Patients who agreed to treatment with evolocumab (140 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks, initiated in hospital and used for 12 weeks after discharge) were enrolled in the evolocumab group (n=96) and others in the control group (n=238). All enrolled patients received regular statin treatment (atorvastatin 20 mg/day or rosuvastatin 10 mg/day; doses unchanged throughout the study). The primary endpoint was the change in LDL-C levels from baseline to week 12. Results: Most patients (67.1%) had not received regular statin treatment before. In the evolocumab group, LDL-C levels decreased significantly at week 4 and remained stable at week 8 and 12 (all p Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated the early initiation of evolocumab in NSTEACS patients in China. Evolocumab combined with statins significantly lowered LDL-C levels and increased the probability of achieving recommended LDL-C levels, with satisfactory safety and good tolerance.

Aims: To explore treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in left ventricular thrombus (LVT) after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: Contemporary data regarding using DOACs for LVT after STEMI patients who underwent PCI is limited. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of DOACs on the treatment of LVT post STEMI and PCI. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with LVT post STEMI and PCI within 1month from onset who received warfarin or DOACs at discharge. The primary endpoint was LVT resolution. Secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, stroke, systemic embolism (SE), myocardial infarction (MI) and major or minor bleeding. Results: A total of 128 consecutive patients were recruited, of which 72 received warfarin and 56 DOACs [48 on rivaroxaban and 8 on dabigatran]. The rate of LVT resolution was higher within 1 month in the DOACs group than warfarin (26.8% vs. 11.1%; p = 0.022) (Kaplan-Meier estimates, p = 0.002). No significant differences were found at 3 months (p = 0.246), 6 months (p = 0.201), 9 months (p = 0.171) and 12 months (p = 0.442). No patients treated with DOACs had major bleeding, while two patients with warfarin had upper gastrointestinal bleeding (0 vs. 2 (2.8%); p = 0.209). No death or SE occurred. No significant differences on secondary endpoints were found in both the groups, including stroke, MI, minor bleeding and all bleeding events. Conclusions: DOACs appear to be a suitable alternative to warfarin for the management of LVT post STEMI, especially in patients who are intolerant to warfarin.

To compare the risk of cardiovascular events between patients with two CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles who were prescribed ticagrelor or clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with two loss-of-function alleles based on the CYP2C19 genotype were selected from patients enrolled in a retrospective institutional registry. Propensity score matching using logistic regression was performed to adjust for bias between patients prescribed ticagrelor or clopidogrel. Multivariate Cox regression was used to compare the risk of adverse events in the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events plus any repeat target vessel revascularization within 12 months after PCI. The safety outcomes were minor and major bleeding events. From 1518 patients carrying two loss-of-function alleles based on the CYP2C19 genotype who underwent PCI, 638 patients treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel were successfully propensity-score matched. The primary outcome occurred in 25 patients (7.8%) in the ticagrelor group and 47 (14.7%) in the clopidogrel group. The risk of the primary outcome was significantly lower in the ticagrelor group versus the clopidogrel group (HR 0.466, 95% CI 0.286–0.759, p = 0.002). The incidence of major bleeding events did not significantly differ between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups (0.3% and 0.9%, respectively), while the ticagrelor group had a higher risk of minor bleeding events (HR 1.959, 95% CI 1.396–2.750, p

Epoxidised natural rubber (ENR)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/silica (SiO2) membranes at a mass ratio of ENR and PVC 60:40 (%w/w) have been prepared by adding different silica amounts. The morph...

With the advent of the Internet of Things era, these hot technologies such as distributed, parallel computing, network storage, and load balancing can provide a good application foundation for the Internet of Things, enabling real-time dynamic management and intelligent analysis of hundreds of millions of items in the Internet of Things to be possible. The Internet of Things has changed from a concept to a reality, quickly reaching every corner of society. On the other hand, with the enhancement of the mobility of social talents, the file management of the talent service center is becoming more and more difficult. However, the traditional management methods of human resources files have problems such as poor resource sharing, asymmetric resources, and heterogeneous information sharing, which can no longer meet the needs of both the supply and demand sides of human resources with diversified and multiple organizational structures. Cloud computing technology has powerful data collection functions, self-service functions, and unified resource scheduling functions. Introducing it into the human resources file management system can greatly improve management efficiency. In order to carry out information management of rural human resources, this paper develops a rural human resources management system based on the Internet of Things. This paper introduces the design scheme of rural human resource management platform based on Internet of Things technology and cloud computing technology. The design of this system mainly includes organization setting, post planning, personnel management, salary management, insurance benefits, recruitment and selection, training management, performance appraisal management, labor contract management, comprehensive inquiry, rules and regulations, employee self-help, system setting, and system management function modules. The research results show that the rural human resource management system based on cloud computing can provide a complete human resource management solution for the vast rural areas. It can only purchase services, save a lot of development and maintenance costs, and also customize functions, so as to better meet the needs of use.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacteria derived bio-based polymers that are synthesised under limited conditions of nutritional elements with excess carbon sources. Among the members of PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [(P(3HB-co-4HB)] emerges as an attractive biomaterial to be applied in medical applications owing to its desirable mechanical and physical properties, non-genotoxicity and biocompatibility eliciting appropriate host tissue responses. The tailorable physical and chemical properties and easy surface functionalisation of P(3HB-co-4HB) increase its practicality to be developed as functional medical substitutes. However, its applicability is sometimes limited due to its hydrophobic nature due to fewer bio-recognition sites. In this review, we demonstrate how surface modifications of PHAs, mainly P(3HB-co-4HB), will overcome these limitations and facilitate their use in diverse medical applications. The integration of nanotechnology has drastically enhanced the functionality of P(3HB-co-4HB) biomaterials for application in complex biological environments of the human body. The design of versatile P(3HB-co-4HB) materials with surface modifications promise a non-cytotoxic and biocompatible material without inducing severe inflammatory responses for enhanced effective alternatives in healthcare biotechnology. The enticing work carried out with P(3HB-co-4HB) promises to be one of the next-generation materials in biomedicines which will facilitate translation into the clinic in the future.

Background Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) releases exosomes (EXOs) to regulate vascular homeostasis. PVAT-derived EXOs reduce macrophage foam cell formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesize that PVAT release miRNA through EXOs and regulate the expression of cholesterol transporter of macrophages, thereby reducing foam cell formation. Methods and results Through RT-qPCR, we identified that miR-382-5p, which was expressed at lower levels in PVAT-EXOs from coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients than healthy individuals, was expressed at higher levels in wild-type C57BL/6 J mouse aortic PVAT-EXOs than in subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived EXOs. We explored macrophage lipid accumulation through oil red O staining, assessed cholesterol uptake and efflux, and verified cholesterol transporter expression. We found that transfection with a miR-382-5p inhibitor offset PVAT-EXO-related reductions in macrophage foam cell formation and increases in cholesterol efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1). In addition, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) pretreatment and si-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transfection showed that BMP4-PPARγ participated in PVAT-EXO-mediated upregulation of the cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Conclusions PVAT-EXOs reduce macrophage foam cell formation through miR-382-5p- and BMP4-PPARγ-mediated upregulation of the cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. This finding suggests a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

We sought to compare the effects of smoking on clinical outcomes in women and men with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We prospectively followed up 10 369 patients undergoing elective PCI. All patients were stratified according to smoking status and sex. The impacts of smoking on long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization) were assessed. Among 7773 men and 2596 women undergoing PCI, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 66.7% (n = 5185) and 11.0% (n = 286; P < .001). During the 3 years of follow-up (median: 20.6 months), smoking increased MACE in both men and women (men 10.8% vs 8.1%, P < .001; women 23.2% vs 6.4%; P < .001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, smoking had a greater effect on MACE in women (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86-7.28; P < .001) compared with men (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.77; P = .005, interaction P = .026). There was a lower prevalence of smoking in women compared to men among patients undergoing PCI. However, smoking confers a higher excess risk for MACE among women compared with men.

Drowsy driving is one of the main causes of road traffic accidents. It is of great significance to study the use of steering wheel status to detect the drowsiness of the driver. In the studies of the steering wheel state, there is a general problem of the parameter selection being not comprehensive and individual differences in the way of the controlling of the steering wheel not being considered. A driving simulator was used to collect eleven parameters related to the steering wheel, where four parameters having significant correlations with driver status were selected using variance analysis. A multilevel ordered logit (MOL) model, support vector machine (SVM) model and BP neural network (BP) model were built based on the selection of the parameters. Under the same conditions of classification, the recognition accuracy of the MOL model was shown to be much higher than that of the two other models. It was concluded that the MOL model using the steering wheel parameters and considering differences among individuals outperforms the others in terms of driver's state recognition.

The efficacy and safety of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors were confirmed by several clinical trials, but its effectiveness in routine clinical practice in China has not been evaluated. This study aims to describe the real world effectiveness of PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins compared with statins-based therapy among patients with very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).This is a multi-center observational study, enrolled patients from 32 hospitals who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January to June in 2019. There are 453 patients treated with PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 2,610 patients treated with statins-based lipid lowering therapies in statins-based group. The lipid control rate and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) over six months were compared between two groups. A propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was used to balance two groups on confounding factors. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods was applied for MACE.In a total of 3,063 patients, 89.91% of patients had received moderate or high-intensity statins-based therapy before PCI, but only 9.47% of patients had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 1.4 mmol/L at baseline. In the PSM selected patients, LDL-C level was reduced by 42.57% in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 30.81% (In the real world, PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins could significantly reduce LDL-C levels among patients with very high risk of ASCVD in China. The long-term clinical benefits for patients received PCSK-9 inhibitor to reduce the risk of MACE is still unclear and requires further study.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been identified to have significant endocrine and paracrine functions, such as releasing bioactive adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, rather than a non-physiological structural tissue. Considering the contiguity with the vascular wall, PVAT could play a crucial role in the pathogenic microenvironment of atherosclerosis. Growing clinical evidence has shown an association between PVAT and atherosclerosis. Moreover, based on computed tomography, the fat attenuation index of PVAT was verified as an indication of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, PVAT shows a proatherogenic phenotype by increasing the release of factors that induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration, thus contributing to atherosclerosis. Growing animal and human studies have investigated the mechanism of the above process, which has yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, traditional treatments for atherosclerosis have been proven to act on PVAT, and we found several studies focused on novel drugs that target PVAT for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Emerging as an indication, contributor to, and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, PVAT warrants further investigation.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacteria derived bio-based polymers that are synthesised under limited conditions of nutritional elements with excess carbon sources. Among the members of PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [(P(3HB-co-4HB)] emerges as an attractive biomaterial to be applied in medical applications owing to its desirable mechanical and physical properties, non-genotoxicity and biocompatibility eliciting appropriate host tissue responses. The tailorable physical and chemical properties and easy surface functionalisation of P(3HB-co-4HB) increase its practicality to be developed as functional medical substitutes. However, its applicability is sometimes limited due to its hydrophobic nature due to fewer bio-recognition sites. In this review, we demonstrate how surface modifications of PHAs, mainly P(3HB-co-4HB), will overcome these limitations and facilitate their use in diverse medical applications. The integration of nanotechnology has drastically enhanced the functionality of P(3HB-co-4HB) biomaterials for application in complex biological environments of the human body. The design of versatile P(3HB-co-4HB) materials with surface modifications promise a non-cytotoxic and biocompatible material without inducing severe inflammatory responses for enhanced effective alternatives in healthcare biotechnology. The enticing work carried out with P(3HB-co-4HB) promises to be one of the next-generation materials in biomedicines which will facilitate translation into the clinic in the future.

Background Previous studies have shown that BD patients exhibited impairment when performing a verbal fluency task (VFT) and abnormal prefrontal cortex activation during this task. However, no study has specifically examined whether patients with type II BD demonstrate difficulty in performing VFT and impairments in relevant neural correlates or whether these are related to psychotic symptoms, the present study aimed to examine these issues. Methods Forty-nine patients with type II BD (21 patients with psychotic symptoms [BDIIp] and 28 patients without psychotic symptoms [BDIIn]) and 45 matched healthy controls (HCs) participated the study and completed the VFTs, while their brain activity was recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Results Both BDIIp and BDIIn patients showed poorer performance on VFTs than HCs. In addition, BDII patients showed lower brain activation than HCs in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right frontal pole, these results were mainly driven by BDIIn patients. Moreover, subjective psychotic symptoms were positively significantly correlated with left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in BDII patients. Conclusions Type II BD patients showed significant impairment when performing VFTs and reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex, and subjective psychotic symptoms were associated with brain activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in BDII patients.

Self-organization theory is devoted to solving the problem of the nature, power, and development form of an organization that is not subject to an external specific intervention. Its axiological characteristics and methodological paths are consistent with the value orientation and practical needs of the governance of faculty. The faculty of the university is a relatively independent self-organiz- ing system with the characteristics of openness, less external intervention, coordination of internal factors, non-equilibrium, non-linear- ity, etc. Its central dilemma is reflected in the subjectivity of college governance, the distribution of governance power, knowledge pro- duction and other levels. From the perspective of self-organization theory, the governance logic of university faculty requires openness of self-organization, realizing the co-catalysis within the university departments, and maintaining the stability of the organizational structure in the governance of the university departments.

Background The efficacy and safety of PCSK-9 inhibitors were confirmed by several clinical trials, but its effectiveness in routine clinical practice in China is unknown. Objective To describe the real world effectiveness of initiated with PCSK-9 inhibitors combined with statins compared with statins among patients with very high risk of ASCVD and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This is a prospective study, enrolled patients from 32 hospitals between January to June 2019. The lipid control rate and incidence of cardiovascular events over 6 months were compared between two groups. A propensity score-matched analysis was used to balance two groups on confounding factors. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods was applied for cardiovascular events. Results In a total of 3063 patients, 89.91% had received moderate or high-intensity statin therapy before PCI, but only 9.47% had LDL levels below 1.4mmol/L at baseline. In the PSM selected patients, LDL level was reduced by 42.57% in PCSK-9 inhibitor group and 30.81% (P

This work aimed to investigate the effects of lipid oxidation on Ne-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Ne-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) formation in three types of Chinese-style sausages during storage. Medium-high temperature dried sausage, naturally dehydrated sausage and smoke-dried sausage were prepared, and CML/CEL contents were measured. The result showed that CML and CEL levels increased with the increasing storage time, and an exponential correlation was found between thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and either CML (r2 = 0.922) or CEL (r2 = 0.921) in medium-high temperature dried sausages and smoke-dried sausage, which suggested that lipid oxidation could facilitate CML/CEL formation during storage. Furthermore, lipid oxidation and the Maillard reaction might have a synergistic effect on CML formation in Chinese-style sausages, as evidence by the results of model system during incubation. These findings indicated that lipid oxidation played a key role in CML/CEL formation during the storage of Chinese-style sausages.

The overexpression of EGFR correlates with rapidly progressive disease, resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. In certain human cancers, PI3K works synergistically with EGFR to promote proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis. Development of dual-target drugs against EGFR and PI3K has therapeutic advantage and was an attractive approach against tumors. In this work, based on the molecular docking and previous studies, a series of 4-aminoquinazolines derivatives containing 6-sulfonamide substituted pyridyl group were rationally designed and identified as potent EGFR and PI3K dual inhibitors. The cytotoxicity experiment results showed that this series of compounds could effectively inhibit cell growth. The kinase assay demonstrated that 6c and 6i had high inhibition for EGFR and selectivity for PI3Kα distinguished from other isoforms. Further experiments showed that 6c could induce cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis in BT549 cells. The western blot assay indicated that 6c inhibited the proliferation of BT549 cell through EGFR and PI3Kα/Akt signaling pathway. Our study suggested that compound 6c was a potential dual inhibitors of EGFR and PI3Kα.