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The cosmopolitan family Lestidae Calvert, 1901 has two widely distributed genera in the Americas: Archilestes Selys, 1862, and Lestes Leach, 1815. In Colombia, this family is represented by 11 species. In this study, we present a diagnosis of Lestidae species in Colombia based on a thorough review of the countrys main entomological collections. A total of 258 specimens representing ten species were examined. The species L. dichrostigma Calvert, 1909, is recorded for the first time. The presence of L. henshawi Calvert, 1907 is excluded, and the taxonomic status of L. sternalis (Navs, 1930) is discussed. Finally, we present distribution maps, photographs of Lestidae species, taxonomical important structures, and taxonomic keys for both males and females.

Dimeragrion Calvert, 1913 is a genus with five species, restricted to the Pantepui region. Here, we describe Dimeragrion baniwa sp. nov. (Holotype. ♂ (LABECO, N° 12276), BRAZIL, Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, (0.017, -66.891, 81 m a.s.l.), first-order stream inside Terra Firme Forest, in lateral swamps: 29.xi.2021, C. C. Mendoza-Penagos & M. Gonçalves, leg.), the sixth species of the genus from 13 males and 3 females collected in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira in the Brazilian Amazon, located at the southern extreme of the Pantepui region. Additionally, we provide photographs of the diagnostic characters of the male and female, photographs of live specimens as well as information on their biology. Finally, identification keys are provided, as well as a distribution map of the species of the genus.

Perilestes jueni sp. nov. (Brazil, Amazonas State, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Ponto 8 (0.165, -67.007, 92 m asl), 2.xii.2021, C.C. Mendoza-Penagos M. Silva-Gonçalves & S. Da Silva Ribeiro leg.) is described based on one male collected in a remote area of the Brazilian Amazon Forest. The new species is separated from congeners based on cercus morphology.

Epipleoneura lencionii sp. nov. is erected based on specimens from Acre State (holotype: 10º7'38.5″S; 67º38'6.7″W, 12.ix.2017, Miguel, T.B. leg). Additional material collected in Minas Gerais was also studied, but subsequently was lost in a fire at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro. We compared the new species with E. venezuelensis Rácenis, 1955. Epipleoneura lencionii differs from E. venezuelensis by the orientation of the lateral lobes on the male epiproct and by the shape of the posterior lobe of the prothorax of the female. The distribution of the species is analyzed and notes on the reproductive behavior of the genus are provided.

Psaironeura jeronimoi sp. nov. is described based on seven males (Holotype: ♂ (LABECO, N° 10002717), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Alto Maués Ecological Station, (-5.9852, -59.3182, 114 m asl, 12.v.2019) collected in the state of Amazonas (near Alto Maués Ecological Station) and Pará (municipality of Belterra). This new species fits into the tenuissima group but presents differences in color pattern and shape of the apex cerci. Main morphological characters are figured and compared with those of P. tenuissima (Selys, 1886) and P. bifurcata (Sjöstedt, 1918). Key to males and comments on genital ligula of the species of the group are provided. Finally, comments on the conservation status of the species are presented.

The Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 is the second most speciose among the Neotropical Zygoptera. However, most of its species are poorly known regarding their biology, distribution, and taxonomy, especially those from undersampled areas like Northern Brazil. Here we describe Heteragrion calafatiensis sp. nov. from the coastal environments of the Brazilian Amazon of Par state (Holotype , Brazil, Par, municipality of Magalhes Barata, near the Marapanim River, (-0.863291, -47.668058, 20 m, 26.ix.2021), C.C. Mendoza-Penagos leg, in UFPA). This is the nineth Heteragrion species recorded for the Northern region of Brazil. The new species can be separated from congeners by cercal morphology and thoracic coloration pattern.

The odonates are insects that have a wide range of reproductive, ritualized territorial, and aggressive behaviors. Changes in behavior are the first response of most odonate species to environmental alterations. In this context, the primary objective of the present study was to assess the effects of environmental alterations resulting from shifts in land use on different aspects of the behavioral diversity of adult odonates. Fieldwork was conducted at 92 low-order streams in two different regions of the Brazilian Amazon. To address our main objective, we measured 29 abiotic variables at each stream, together with five morphological and five behavioral traits of the resident odonates. The results indicate a loss of behaviors at sites impacted by anthropogenic changes, as well as variation in some morphological/behavioral traits under specific environmental conditions. We highlight the importance of considering behavioral traits in the development of conservation strategies, given that species with a unique behavioral repertoire may suffer specific types of extinction pressure.