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PurposeThis study aims to describe the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of a kindergarten educator who implements a lesson plan about informal inferential reasoning designed in a lesson study group.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, we analyzed teaching interventions in two kindergarten lessons focused on the playful task of tossing two coins, associated with inferential statistical reasoning. The study highlights the importance of arguing and promoting this reasoning to develop statistical thinking. It is crucial to recognize how early students can be subject to learning experiences that promote a language of uncertainty, assess the evidence provided by the data, and make generalizations.FindingsThe results reveal that while the educator demonstrated knowledge and skills relevant to the curriculum and conceptual teaching strategies, the understanding of the content by the students and the integration of the PCK components still present a challenge.Practical implicationsThe lesson study collaborative teaching practices that promote PCK have proven effective for informing the design and implementation of instructional practices supporting the development of early statistical thinking in young children.Originality/valueThe study enriches the knowledge regarding the potential of the lesson study (LS) in the professional learning of kindergarten educators. It also contributes to a comprehensive approach based on authentic playful experiences in grade K that supports the development of early statistical thinking in young children.

Se trata de una tesis de corte teórica, exploratoria, para pensar nuevos escenarios de intervención en asentamientos informales, más allá de los marcos actualmente establecidos. Se plantea una propuesta de lineamientos permaculturales con alcances de ideas conceptuales para La Nohora, un asentamiento informal localizado en la vía Villavicencio-Acacias, con una antigüedad aproximada de más de 18 años, al cual no se le ha dado una solución viable para la comunidad. Es por eso que se propone una propuesta de lineamientos basada en los principios de la permacultura con la intención de mejorar las condiciones sociales y ecológicas. Donde se realizó una caracterización del sitio siguiendo la metodología Investigación-Acción-Participación (IAP) y los enfoques de investigación cualitativa, que unido a los principios de la permacultura a escala urbana promueve la sostenibilidad para La Nohora. It is a thesis of theoretical, exploratory, to think new scenarios of intervention in informal settlements, beyond the currently established frameworks. A proposal of permacultural guidelines with scope of conceptual ideas is proposed for La Nohora, an informal settlement located on the Villavicencio-Acacias highway, with an approximate age of more than 18 years, which has not been given a viable solution for the community. . That is why we propose a proposal of guidelines based on the principles of permaculture with the intention of improving social and ecological conditions. Where a characterization of the site was carried out following the methodology of Research-Action-Participation (IAP) and qualitative research approaches, which together with the principles of permaculture at an urban scale promotes sustainability for La Nohora. Ingeniero Ambiental http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Pregrado

Bacteria are often found in close association with surfaces, resulting in the formation of biofilms. In Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), biofilms are implicated in the resilience of chronic infections, presenting a serious clinical problem world-wide. Here, S. aureus biofilms are grown under flow within clinical catheters at 37 °C. The lipid composition and biophysical properties of lipid extracts from these biofilms are compared with those from exponential growth and stationary phase cells. Biofilms show a reduction in iso and anteiso branching compensated by an increase in saturated fatty acids compared to stationary phase. A drastic reduction in carotenoid levels is also observed during biofilm formation. Thermotropic measurements of Laurdan GP and DPH polarization, show a reduction of lipid packing at 37 °C for biofilms compared to stationary phase. We studied the effects of carotenoid content on DMPG and DPPG model membranes showing trends in thermotropic behavior consistent with those observed in bacterial isolates, indicating that carotenoids participate in modulating lipid packing. Additionally, bending elastic constant (kc) measurements using vesicle fluctuation analysis (VFA) show that the presence of carotenoids can increase membrane bending rigidity. The antimicrobial peptide Magainin H2 was less activity on liposomes composed of stationary phase compared to biofilms or exponential growth isolates. This study contributes to an understanding of how Staphylococcus aureus modulates the composition of its membrane lipids, and how those changes affect the biophysical properties of membranes, which in turn may play a role in its virulence and its resistance to different membrane-active antimicrobial agents.