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Brachymenium fabronioides (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac., Enum. Bryin. Exot., Suppl. 1:86. 1889. Materials examined. Table 1. Fig. 9. Identification. Characterized by shiny leaves and linear to linear-vermicular cells of the margin. Habitat: rupicolous. Brazilian range. BA, ES. New record for Caatinga., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 838, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Trichostomum brachydontium (Schimp. ex Besch.) A. Jaeger, Flora 12: 393, pl. 3. 1829. Materials examined. Table 1. Identification. Characterized by erect, non-branched stem with central axis in transverse section and flexuose leaves. It resembles Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jenn. when it is sterile, but can be differentiated by having longer stems and non-fragile leaves. Habitat: rupicolous. Brazilian range. BA, ES, GO, PA, PE, RO., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 841, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Riccia ridleyi A. Gepp, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 27: 74. 1890. Materials examined. Table 1. Identification. Differentiated by the purple margin of the lobe. Habitat: rupicolous and terricolous. Brazilian range. PE. New record for Caatinga. Riccia stenophylla Spruce , Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 195. 1889. Materials examined. Table 1. Identification. Differentiated by very narrow thallus segments, 0.3–0.5 mm wide. Habitat: terricolous. Brazilian range. BA, CE, ES, GO, MA, MS, MT, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. Riccia wainionis Steph. , Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 195. 1889. Materials examined. Table 1 Identification. Characterized by the colorless margin of the lobule and spores with 7 to 9 areolas of diameter. Habitat: terricolous. Brazilian range. BA, CE, ES, MG, PB, PE, PR, RJ, SE, SP., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 842, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Brachymenium columbicum (De Not.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 557. 1903. Materials examined. Table 1. Identification. Identified by oblong-lanceolate leaves equally disposed throughout the stem and denticulate margin in upper median portion; leaves erect to imbricate when dry. Habitat: rupicolous, terricolous. Brazilian range. CE, SP. New record for Caatinga., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 838, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Bryum arachnoideum Müll. Hal., Flora 62: 378. 1879. Materials examined. Table 1. Fig. 10. Identification. Characterized by small plants forming tufts; greenish-yellow julaceous leaves and percurrent costa. Habitat: rupicolous. Brazilian range. BA, MG, PE, SE. New record for Caatinga. Bryum leptocladon Sull. , Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 282. 1861. Materials examined. Table 1. Fig. 11. Identification. Distinguished by rhomboidal-hexagonal lamina cells; small capsules and smooth spores. Habitat: rupicolous. Brazilian range. BA, CE, DF, GO. New record for Caatinga., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 838, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll. Hal., Verh. K.K. Zool.- Bot. Ges. Wien, 19: 504. 1869. Materials examined. Table 1. Fig. 21. Identification. Distinguished by oblong to ligulate leaves with smooth to slightly crenulate margin of the apex. Habitat: rupicolous. Brazilian range. AC, AL, AM, AP, CE, GO, MS, RS, SP. New record for Caatinga., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 841, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Family Sematophyllaceae Broth. Sematophyllum adnatum (Michx.) E. Britton , Bryologist 5: 65. 1902. Materials examined. Table 1. Identification. Recognized by narrow-lanceolate leaves, concave lamina, acuminate apex; inflated supra-alar cells. Habitat: rupicolous, terricolous and epigaeous. Brazilian range. AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, RJ, RN, SP, TO., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 841, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Family Pottiaceae Hampe Hyophiladelphus agrarius (Hedw.) R.H. Zander , Bryologist 98: 372. 1995. Materials examined. Table 1. Identification. Identified by leaves with elongate and smooth costa cells on ventral and dorsal surfaces and the presence of stereids above and below the guide cells in transversal section. Habitat: rupicolous. Brazilian range. AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, MA, MT, PA, PB, PE, RJ, RN, RO, RS, SE, SP, TO., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 841, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833

Most studies of bryophytes in Brazil have focused on the Atlantic and Amazon forests, leaving the Caatinga as the biome least bryologically studied in the country. A bryofloristic survey of Serra da Capivara National Park was undertaken to analyze species richness, the distribution of species among Brazilian biomes, and the geographic distribution of species. A total of 450 samples of 62 species were collected, representing 48 mosses, 13 hepatics, and one hornwort. The resulting species list includes 22 new records for the Caatinga, 34 new records for the state of Piauí, and two for the Northeast Region of Brazil. About 60% (37 spp.) of the species have broad distributions in Brazil while 13 have moderate distributions and 12 are considered restricted. The results reinforce the importance of floristic inventories in Brazil and the maintenance of Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara as an area for the conservation of bryophytes.

Fissidens goyazensis Broth., Hedwigia 34: 120. 1895. Materials examined. Table 1. Fig. 16. Identification. Characterized by acuminate and completely limbate oblong-lanceolate leaves; excurrent costa; unipapillose cells. Fissidens goyazensis resembles F. angustifolius Sull., however, this species has larger, pellucid, quadratic to rectangular cells of vaginate laminae and generally precurrent, not excurrent, costa. Habitat: rupicolous and terricolous. Brazilian range. AM, BA, CE, PB, PE, PI, DF, GO, MG, RJ, SP., Published as part of Gomes do Nascimento, Géssica Maria, Mendes da Conceição, Gonçalo, Fernandes Peralta, Denilson & Oliveira, Hermeson Cassiano de, 2019, Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, pp. 833-845 in Check List 15 (5) on page 840, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.833