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In telecommunications, network service accessibility as a requirement is closely related to equitably serving the population residing at locations that can most appropriately be described as remote. Remote connectivity, however, would have benefited from a more inclusive consideration in the existing generations of mobile communications. To remedy this, sustainability and its social impact are being positioned as key drivers of sixth generation's (6G) research and standardization activities. In particular, there has been a conscious attempt to understand the demands of remote wireless connectivity, which has led to a better understanding of the challenges that lie ahead. In this perspective, this article overviews the key challenges associated with constraints on network design and deployment to be addressed for providing broadband connectivity to rural areas, and proposes novel approaches and solutions for bridging the digital divide in those regions., Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication in IEEE Wireless Communications. 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

In many places all over the world rural and remote areas lack proper connectivity that has led to increasing digital divide. These areas might have low population density, low incomes, etc., making them less attractive places to invest and operate connectivity networks. 6G could be the first mobile radio generation truly aiming to close the digital divide. However, in order to do so, special requirements and challenges have to be considered since the beginning of the design process. The aim of this white paper is to discuss requirements and challenges and point out related, identified research topics that have to be solved in 6G. This white paper first provides a generic discussion, shows some facts and discusses targets set in international bodies related to rural and remote connectivity and digital divide. Then the paper digs into technical details, i.e., into a solutions space. Each technical section ends with a discussion and then highlights identified 6G challenges and research ideas as a list., Comment: A 6G white paper, 17 pages

Based on the application of the Sum-Product algorithm (SPA) over factor graphs, this paper presents a graphical representation of generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) and filter bank multicarrier with offset QAM (FBMC-OQAM). FBMC-OQAM was chosen because it has the advantage of reducing the algorithm's complexity, since it is directly related to the number of possible values assumed by the transmitted data symbols. The receiver algorithm performance is evaluated by the bit error ratio (BER) estimation considering two channel models, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and flat-fading time-variant (Rayleigh). Likewise, a computational complexity analysis is presented. Numerical results show that the BER curves of the proposed scheme present a good match compared with theoretical bit error probability curves., Comment: Presented at the International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS19) - Workshop: 5G for Remote Areas including the Arctic (5G-RAA)

The fifth generation of mobile communication networks will support a large set of new services and applications. One important use case is the remote area coverage for broadband Internet access. This use case ha significant social and economic impact, since a considerable percentage of the global population living in low populated area does not have Internet access and the communication infrastructure in rural areas can be used to improve agribusiness productivity. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of a 5G for Remote Areas transceiver, implemented on field programmable gate array based hardware for real-time processing. This transceiver employs the latest digital communication techniques, such as generalized frequency division multiplexing waveform combined with 2 by 2 multiple-input multiple-output diversity scheme and polar channel coding. The performance of the prototype is evaluated regarding its out-of-band emissions and bit error rate under AWGN channel., Comment: Presented in 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC),18-21 June, 2018, Ljubljana, Slovenia

This paper explores the flexibility of generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) for achieving the same performance as filter bank multicarrier (FBMC). We present a GFDM configuration where the good spectral containment of FBMC is also achieved through a modification in the GFDM transmission scheme. For evaluating the scheme's performance, we estimate the bit error ratio (BER) under three channel models: i) pure additive Gaussian AWGN; ii) time-invariant frequency-selective; iii) time-variant frequency-selective (doubly dispersive). The spectral containment is measured through the power spectral density. Furthermore, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is also estimated. The Linear GFDM waveform shows identical performance when compared to FBMC in the above test scenarios., Comment: 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)

This document provides a comparison of the transmission techniques used in Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) and Vector-OFDM (VOFDM). Within the document both systems are coarsely described and common and distinct properties are highlighted.

The next generation of wireless networks will face different challenges from new scenarios. The main contribution of this paper is to show that Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM), as a baseline of flexible circular filtered multicarrier systems, can be used as a framework to virtualize the PHY service for the upper layers of 5G networks. This framework opens the possibility to apply software-defined network principles to produce software-defined waveforms capable of addressing the requirements of future mobile networks. Hence, a block oriented concept will be used to provide the modulation service, emulating different flavors of waveforms designed to go beyond the well-established Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) principles, in scenarios where they perform best. The virtual physical layer (PHY) service opens the opportunity to have a fast and dynamic evolution of the infrastructure, as applications change over time. The presented unified modulation concept contributes with future research directions to address burst and continuous transmissions, referencing basic approaches for synchronization and advanced receiver design that can be exploited in future for the whole frame structure design and channel estimation strategies.

Future wireless communication systems are demanding a more flexible physical layer. GFDM is a block filtered multicarrier modulation scheme proposed to add multiple degrees of freedom and cover other waveforms in a single framework. In this paper, GFDM modulation and demodulation will be presented as a frequency-domain circular convolution, allowing for a reduction of the implementation complexity when MF, ZF and MMSE filters are employed in the inner and outer receiver operation. Also, precoding is introduced to further increase GFDM flexibility, addressing a wider set of applications., Comment: Submitted to IEEE Wireless Communication Letter