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BackgroundChest radiographs are used for diagnosis and severity assessment in tuberculosis (TB). The extent of disease as determined by smear grade and cavitation as a binary measure can predict 2-month smear results, but little has been done to determine whether radiological severity reflects the bacterial burden at diagnosis.MethodsPre-treatment chest x-rays from 1837 participants with smear-positive pulmonary TB enrolled into the REMoxTB trial (Gillespie et al., N Engl J Med 371:1577-87, 2014) were retrospectively reviewed. Two clinicians blinded to clinical details using the Ralph scoring system performed separate readings. An independent reader reviewed discrepant results for quality assessment and cavity presence. Cavitation presence was plotted against time to positivity (TTP) of sputum liquid cultures (MGIT 960). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed to calculate the difference in average TTP for these groups. The average lung field affected was compared to log 10 TTP by linear regression. Baseline markers of disease severity and patient characteristics were added in univariable regression analysis against radiological severity and a multivariable regression model was created to explore their relationship.ResultsFor 1354 participants, the median TTP was 117 h (4.88 days), being 26 h longer (95% CI 16-30, p

Deals with a series of studies which described an alternate type of plasma-opening switch (POS), the current-toggled POS. Background to the study; Theoretical considerations; Experimental results and discussion.

Presents a study that described diode experiments on the particle beam fusion accelerator-I pulser using a magnetically insulated ion diode. Purpose of inertial confinement fusion research; Theory of diode design and operation; Results of the carbon activation measurements.

Presents a study that proposed an analytical model of Applied-Β ion diode impedance behavior coupled to accelerators. Examination of the characteristics of the diode and accelerator; Application of an accelerator model to diode experiments; Comparison of data from the proposed model with results from simulation experiments.

Copyright of Züchtungskunde is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Germany, the importance of goat cheese and goat-milk products raised continuously during the last years. Therewith increased the number of dairy goat farms and consistent breeding programs for dairy goat production are needed. Less developed breeding structures were a constraint for setting up breeding value estimation for dairy goats so far. In this study, a regional approach is applied to overcome the structural barriers. Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg are planning to cooperate within their breeding programs. They agreed upon a joint breeding objective of high lifetime dairy performance with high milk ingredients and good robustness. For breeding value estimation a total of 54,955 lactations of German Fawn (BDE) and German White (WDE) goats are used. Heritabilities of 0.33 for milk-, 0.39 for fat- and 0.35 for protein-kg as well as 0.48 for fat- und 0.52 for protein-% are within the expected medium to high range. Genetic trend for milk-kg is slightly positive in herdbook animals and slightly negative (BDE) to constant (WDE) in non-herdbook animals. Genetic trends for protein-% are slightly (WDE) to clearly positive (BDE) for all goats. Genetic trends are increasing stronger since 2015 which could be an indicator for selection based on the breeding values. Breeding values are published since 2013. Overall, the regional approach is useful for setting up a breeding value estimation for dairy goats. Nevertheless, a nationwide expansion is still desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Züchtungskunde is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)