Search

Fault slip is a complex natural phenomenon involving multiple spatiotemporal scales from seconds to days to weeks. To understand the physical and chemical processes responsible for the full fault slip spectrum, a multidisciplinary approach is highly recommended. The Near Fault Observatories (NFOs) aim at providing high-precision and spatiotemporally dense multidisciplinary near-fault data, enabling the generation of new original observations and innovative scientific products. The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory is a permanent monitoring infrastructure established around the Alto Tiberina fault (ATF), a 60 km long low-angle normal fault (mean dip 20°), located along a sector of the Northern Apennines (central Italy) undergoing an extension at a rate of about 3 mm yr−1. The presence of repeating earthquakes on the ATF and a steep gradient in crustal velocities measured across the ATF by GNSS stations suggest large and deep (5–12 km) portions of the ATF undergoing aseismic creep. Both laboratory and theoretical studies indicate that any given patch of a fault can creep, nucleate slow earthquakes, and host large earthquakes, as also documented in nature for certain ruptures (e.g., Iquique in 2014, Tōhoku in 2011, and Parkfield in 2004). Nonetheless, how a fault patch switches from one mode of slip to another, as well as the interaction between creep, slow slip, and regular earthquakes, is still poorly documented by near-field observation. With the strainmeter array along the Alto Tiberina fault system (STAR) project, we build a series of six geophysical observatory sites consisting of 80–160 m deep vertical boreholes instrumented with strainmeters and seismometers as well as meteorological and GNSS antennas and additional seismometers at the surface. By covering the portions of the ATF that exhibits repeated earthquakes at shallow depth (above 4 km) with these new observatory sites, we aim to collect unique open-access data to answer fundamental questions about the relationship between creep, slow slip, dynamic earthquake rupture, and tectonic faulting.

ObjectivesNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease in children. Elafibranor, a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ agonist, has been proposed as a treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aims were to (1) describe pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of oral elafibranor at 2 doses (80 and 120 mg) in children 8-17 years and (2) assess changes in aminotransferases.MethodsChildren with NASH were randomized to open-label elafibranor 80 mg or 120 mg daily for 12 weeks. The intent-to-treat analysis included all participants who received at least 1 dose. Standard descriptive statistics and PK analyses were performed.ResultsTen males [mean 15.1 years, standard deviation (SD) 2.2] with NASH were randomized to 80 mg (n = 5) or 120 mg (n = 5). Baseline mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 82 U/L (SD 13) and 87 U/L (SD 20) for 80 mg and 120 mg groups, respectively. Elafibranor was rapidly absorbed and well tolerated. Elafibranor plasma exposure increased between the 80 mg and 120 mg dose with a 1.9- and 1.3-fold increase in median Cmax and AUC 0-24 , respectively. End of treatment mean ALT was 52 U/L (SD 20) for the 120 mg group, with a relative mean ALT change from baseline of -37.4% (SD 23.8%) at 12 weeks.ConclusionsOnce daily dosing of elafibranor was well tolerated in children with NASH. There was a 37.4% relative reduction from mean baseline ALT in the 120 mg group. Decreasing ALT may be associated with improvement in liver histology, thus could be considered a surrogate for histology in early phase trials. These results may support further exploration of elafibranor in children with NASH.

Intraoperative fluid management is a crucial aspect of cancer surgery, including colorectal surgery and pancreatoduodenectomy. The study tests if intraoperative multimodal monitoring reduces postoperative morbidity and duration of hospitalisation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery treated by the same anaesthetic protocols with epidural analgesia.

Žitna zrna, zlasti otrobi, so bogat vir fenolnih spojin z antioksidativnim delovanjem. Potencialni pozitivni učinki fenolnih spojin iz polnozrnatih zrn krušne pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) in pire (Triticum spelta L.) na človeško zdravje so zaradi slabe biološke dostopnosti in razpoložljivosti vezanih fenolnih spojin omejeni. Študije so pokazale, da so biotehnološki procesi (kaljenje/fermentacija/encimsko tretiranje) učinkovita strategija za izboljšanje sproščanja vezanih fenolnih spojin iz matriksa celičnih sten žitnih zrn. V preglednem članku temeljito obravnavamo vplive biotehnoloških procesov na sestavo, antioksidativno aktivnost in biološko dostopnost fenolnih spojin iz zrn krušne pšenice in pire. Obstoječe raziskave kažejo na prisotnost raznovrstnih fenolnih spojin v zrnih krušne pšenice in pire, zaradi česar so polnozrnata žitna zrna odlična za uporabo v izdelkih, z namenom izboljšanja njihove hranilne vrednosti. Dokazano je, da biotehnološki procesi učinkovito povečajo vsebnost biološko dostopnih fenolnih spojin v žitnih zrnih, kar omogoča izboljšano in vitro antioksidativno delovanje. Trenutno primanjkuje in vivo študij za potrditev ugotovitev dobljenih in vitro, zato bodo v prihodnosti ključne in vivo študije določanja biološke aktivnosti fenolnih spojin iz predhodno obdelanih zrn.

Data-driven approaches to identify geophysical signals have proven beneficial in high dimensional environments where model-driven methods fall short. GNSS offers a source of unsaturated ground motion observations that are the data currency of ground motion forecasting and rapid seismic hazard assessment and alerting. However, these GNSS-sourced signals are superposed onto hardware-, location- and time-dependent noise signatures influenced by the Earth’s atmosphere, low-cost or spaceborne oscillators, and complex radio frequency environments. Eschewing heuristic or physics based models for a data-driven approach in this context is a step forward in autonomous signal discrimination. However, the performance of a data-driven approach depends upon substantial representative samples with accurate classifications, and more complex algorithm architectures for deeper scientific insights compound this need. The existing catalogs of high-rate (≥1Hz) GNSS ground motions are relatively limited. In this work, we model and evaluate the probabilistic noise of GNSS velocity measurements over a hemispheric network. We generate stochastic noise time series to augment transferred low-noise strong motion signals from within 70 kilometers of strong events (≥ MW 5.0) from an existing inertial catalog. We leverage known signal and noise information to assess feature extraction strategies and quantify augmentation benefits. We find a classifier model trained on this expanded pseudo-synthetic catalog improves generalization compared to a model trained solely on a real-GNSS velocity catalog, and offers a framework for future enhanced data driven approaches.

Background & aimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common pediatric chronic liver disease. Little is known about outcomes in recognized youth.MethodsWe compared paired liver biopsies from 122 of 139 children with NAFLD (74% male; 64% white; 71% Hispanic; mean age, 13 ± 3 years; age range, 8-17 years) who received placebo and standard of care lifestyle advice in 2 double-blind, randomized clinical trials within the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) clinical research network from 2005 through 2015. We analyzed histologic changes with respect to baseline and longitudinal change in clinical variables using regression analysis.ResultsAt enrollment, 31% of the children had definite NASH, 34% had borderline zone 1 NASH, 13% had borderline zone 3 NASH, and 21% had fatty liver but not NASH. Over a mean period of 1.6 ± 0.4 years, borderline or definite NASH resolved in 29% of the children, whereas 18% of the children with fatty liver or borderline NASH developed definite NASH. Fibrosis improved in 34% of the children but worsened in 23%. Any progression to definite NASH and/or in fibrosis was associated with adolescent age, and higher waist circumference, levels of alanine or aspartate aminotransferase, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline (

The purpose of our research is to gain a better insight into what encourages young adults, in particular young women, to enter the teaching profession. The empirical part of the article is based on a pilot study including 132 students, with data collection being based on a survey approach using a questionnaire. The research attempts to address the context from which the desired characteristics of pre-service teachers with regard to their future employment arise. We have therefore tried to single out factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career, and to examine pre-service teachers' attitudes towards the reputation of female and male teachers. The data obtained confirm the thesis that the predominance of women in the teaching profession(s) is an effect of the harmonisation of the female respondents' habitus and their perception of the field they are entering. The perception of the teaching profession as a vocation (calling) that can be linked to the concepts of caring, giving and helping also proves to be very important. The data also confirms the thesis that the orientation towards life and work balance is important to our respondents of both genders.

Pears are abundant in bioactive compounds, which exert favorable effects on human health. The biophysical attributes of fruit cuticles are pivotal in determining fruit quality, storability, and susceptibility to mold growth. This study aimed to elucidate the biophysical properties of six pear cultivars, ‘Conference’, ‘Celina’, ‘Abate Fetel’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’, ‘Sweet Sensation’, and ‘Williams’. Two maturity stages, unripe and fully ripened, were investigated. Furthermore, the efficacy of trimethyl-chitosan-coated pear surfaces in preventing Penicillium expansum (P. expansum) growth was assessed. Basic maturity indices (CIE color, ethylene evolution, firmness, soluble solids), cuticle contact angle, roughness, and zeta potential were analyzed. Surface roughness was measured using an optical profilometer, hydrophobicity was measured via profilometry, and zeta potential was quantified using an electrokinetic analyzer. The ‘Celina’ cultivar exhibited the highest roughness, whereas ‘Williams’ had the lowest roughness. All the cultivars’ cuticles demonstrated hydrophilic characteristics, with contact angles ranging between 65° and 90°. For pH values exceeding 3.5, all pear surfaces exhibited a negative zeta potential. P. expansum growth was the slowest on the ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘Conference’ cultivars. Treatment with trimethyl chitosan effectively inhibited P. expansum growth in the initial hours of incubation. In conclusion, diverse pear cultivars manifest distinct biophysical surface properties and varying susceptibility to P. expansum growth. The growth of P. expansum correlates positively with roughness, contact angle, and zeta potential. These differences can significantly impact shelf life potential and the overall postharvest quality of pears.

ObjectiveTo determine the percentage of children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in whom intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides was indicated based on National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines.Study designThis multicenter, longitudinal cohort study included children with NAFLD enrolled in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network. Fasting lipid profiles were obtained at diagnosis. Standardized dietary recommendations were provided. After 1 year, lipid profiles were repeated and interpreted according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction. Main outcomes were meeting criteria for clinically actionable dyslipidemia at baseline, and either achieving lipid goal at follow-up or meeting criteria for ongoing intervention.ResultsThere were 585 participants, with a mean age of 12.8 years. The prevalence of children warranting intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline was 14%. After 1 year of recommended dietary changes, 51% achieved goal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 27% qualified for enhanced dietary and lifestyle modifications, and 22% met criteria for pharmacologic intervention. Elevated triglycerides were more prevalent, with 51% meeting criteria for intervention. At 1 year, 25% achieved goal triglycerides with diet and lifestyle changes, 38% met criteria for advanced dietary modifications, and 37% qualified for antihyperlipidemic medications.ConclusionsMore than one-half of children with NAFLD met intervention thresholds for dyslipidemia. Based on the burden of clinically relevant dyslipidemia, lipid screening in children with NAFLD is warranted. Clinicians caring for children with NAFLD should be familiar with lipid management.

Background & aimsFocal zone 1 steatosis, although rare in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), does occur in children with NAFLD. We investigated whether focal zone 1 steatosis and focal zone 3 steatosis are distinct subphenotypes of pediatric NAFLD. We aimed to determine associations between the zonality of steatosis and demographic, clinical, and histologic features in children with NAFLD.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of baseline data from 813 children (age

Three quarters of all Mw ≥ 6.6 earthquakes and volcanic eruptions surrounding the Caribbean plate occur preferentially during periods of decadal minima in Earth’s angular spin velocity. This correlation is revealed most clearly as a 4–6 years phase lag following the first derivative of the length of the day (LOD), Earth’s angular deceleration. We show that local strains and displacements resulting from oblateness changes, or plate boundary stresses associated with changes in tropical rotation rates are orders of magnitude lower than those typically associated with earthquake or volcano triggering. Notwithstanding the absence of a satisfactory causal physical mechanism, the relationship permits decadal trends in Caribbean tectonic hazards to be anticipated many years before their occurrence. The next period of increased tectonic activity in the Caribbean, corresponding to a probable slowing in Earth’s spin rate, will occur in the decade starting on or about 2030.

Rupture in the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha earthquake nucleated at the downdip edge of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) near the transition from interseismic locking to aseismic creep beneath the Tibetan plateau, and propagated incompletely towards the Main Frontal Thrusts (MFT). Despite the imposition of a substantial static strain in the mid-décollement, afterslip on the MHT within a year of the earthquake had decayed to negligible levels. Earthquakes that incompletely rupture the MHT (7 < Mw < 7.9) have been relatively common in the past two centuries, and as a consequence heterogeneous patches of stored elastic strain must exist throughout the Himalaya similar to that emplaced by the Gorkha earthquake. We show that these patches of stored strain are not dissipated by creep or by subsequent updip earthquakes, with the possible exceptions of a sequence of moderate earthquakes to the west of the great 1950 Assam earthquake, and to the east of the Kangra 1905 earthquake. It is thus considered likely that mid-décollement strain newly imposed by the Gorkha earthquake, and other recent incomplete ruptures will be incorporated in the rupture of a future much larger earthquake. Incomplete ruptures (i.e. those that nucleate downdip but fail to rupture the frontal thrusts) appear to occur preferentially in parts of the central Himalaya characterized by relatively narrow transition regions of interseismic decoupling (

Rupture in the 2015 M7.8 Gorkha earthquake nucleated at the downdip edge of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) near the transition from interseismic locking to aseismic creep beneath the Tibetan plateau, and propagated incompletely towards the Main Frontal Thrusts (MFT). Despite the imposition of a substantial static strain in the mid-décollement, afterslip on the MHT within a year of the earthquake had decayed to negligible levels. Earthquakes that incompletely rupture the MHT (7 < Mw < 7.9) have been relatively common in the past two centuries, and as a consequence heterogeneous patches of stored elastic strain must exist throughout the Himalaya similar to that emplaced by the Gorkha earthquake. We show that these patches of stored strain are not dissipated by creep or by subsequent updip earthquakes, with the possible exceptions of a sequence of moderate earthquakes to the west of the great 1950 Assam earthquake, and to the east of the Kangra 1905 earthquake. It is thus considered likely that mid-décollement strain newly imposed by the Gorkha earthquake, and other recent incomplete ruptures will be incorporated in the rupture of a future much larger earthquake. Incomplete ruptures (i.e. those that nucleate downdip but fail to rupture the frontal thrusts) appear to occur preferentially in parts of the central Himalaya characterized by relatively narrow transition regions of interseismic decoupling (

This research aimed to study the dynamic changes in phenolic antioxidants between the germ and the rest of the germinated seed of wheat and spelt and to evaluate the whole grain flour from germinated seeds as a functional supplement. Longer germination resulted in higher TPC, DPPH, and ABTS values when considering the entire germinated seed, while the optimal germination time was not consistent when considering the germ and the remaining germinated seed separately. While in the germinated seed (without germ) the majority of TPC was determined to be bound phenolics (up to 92%), the extractable form dominated in the germ (up to 69%). The most abundant phenolic antioxidants in germinated wheat and spelt seeds, trans-ferulic acid, cis-ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid, increased significantly with germination. Only breads with 5% germinated spelt or wheat flour were suitable for the production of a food product, showing higher extractable TPC, antioxidant activity, individual phenolic acids, and improved specific volume, and were preferred because of their appearance, aroma, and color. The PCA biplot showed that the addition of 15% and 30% germinated flours had the greatest positive impact on phenolic properties, while breads with the addition of 5% germinated flour had the greatest positive impact on specific volume and color.

ObjectivesTo examine the distribution of birth weight in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared with the general US population, and to investigate the relationship between birth weight and severity of NAFLD.Study designA multicenter, cross-sectional study of children with biopsy-proven NAFLD enrolled in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network Database. Birth weight was categorized as low birth weight (LBW), normal birth weight (NBW), or high birth weight (HBW) and compared with the birth weight distribution in the general US population. The severity of liver histology was assessed by birth weight category.ResultsChildren with NAFLD (n = 538) had overrepresentation of both LBW and HBW compared with the general US population (LBW, 9.3%; NBW, 75.8%; HBW, 14.9% vs LBW, 6.1%; NBW, 83.5%; HBW 10.5%; P

Background & aimsNo treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been approved by regulatory agencies. We performed a randomized controlled trial to determine whether 52 weeks of cysteamine bitartrate delayed release (CBDR) reduces the severity of liver disease in children with NAFLD.MethodsWe performed a double-masked trial of 169 children with NAFLD activity scores of 4 or higher at 10 centers. From June 2012 to January 2014, the patients were assigned randomly to receive CBDR or placebo twice daily (300 mg for patients weighing ≤65 kg, 375 mg for patients weighing >65 to 80 kg, and 450 mg for patients weighing >80 kg) for 52 weeks. The primary outcome from the intention-to-treat analysis was improvement in liver histology over 52 weeks, defined as a decrease in the NAFLD activity score of 2 points or more without worsening fibrosis; patients without biopsy specimens from week 52 (17 in the CBDR group and 6 in the placebo group) were considered nonresponders. We calculated the relative risks (RR) of improvement using a stratified Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis.ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups in the primary outcome (28% of children in the CBDR group vs 22% in the placebo group; RR, 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-2.1; P = .34). However, children receiving CBDR had significant changes in prespecified secondary outcomes: reduced mean levels of alanine aminotransferase (reduction, 53 ± 88 U/L vs 8 ± 77 U/L in the placebo group; P = .02) and aspartate aminotransferase (reduction, 31 ± 52 vs 4 ± 36 U/L in the placebo group; P = .008), and a larger proportion had reduced lobular inflammation (36% in the CBDR group vs 21% in the placebo group; RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9; P = .03). In a post hoc analysis of children weighing 65 kg or less, those taking CBDR had a 4-fold better chance of histologic improvement (observed in 50% of children in the CBDR group vs 13% in the placebo group; RR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.3-12.3; P = .005).ConclusionsIn a randomized trial, we found that 1 year of CBDR did not reduce overall histologic markers of NAFLD compared with placebo in children. Children receiving CBDR, however, had significant reductions in serum aminotransferase levels and lobular inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT01529268.

Immunotherapy with CTLA-4 inhibitors and PD1 checkpoint inhibitors has initiated a breakthrough in the treatment and prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma. The survival of these patients has increased from the expected survival time of less than 12 months to at least forty months. However, immunotherapy with either anti-CTLA-4 antibodies or PD1 inhibitors alone or in combination has a broad palette of significant immune-related adverse events. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation of immune-related adverse events with treatment outcomes defined as significant differences in the overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients, who developed immune-related adverse events during immunotherapy.

In the present study, the partial substitution of common white wheat flour for a bread recipe with variously bioprocessed wholegrain spelt was investigated. The addition of 1% and pasteurised 5% “germinated + enzymatic treated” spelt flour to wheat flour significantly improved the specific volume of the bread, but their texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation were not satisfactory. A higher percentage of added bioprocessed spelt flour darkened the colour of the bread. Breads with the addition of more than 5% of bioprocessed spelt flour were unacceptable in terms of quality and sensory parameters. The highest extractable and bound individual phenolics were found in breads with 5% “germinated + fermented” spelt flour (GFB5) and 5% pasteurised “germinated + enzymatic treated” spelt flour (GEB5P). A strong positive correlation was determined between trans-ferulic acid and TPC and DPPH• radical scavenging activity. The GEB5P bread showed the highest increase in extractable and bound trans-ferulic acid content, by 320% and 137%, respectively, compared to the control bread. Principal component analysis showed differences between the control bread and enriched breads in terms of their quality, sensory and nutritional properties. Breads with 2.5% and 5% “germinated + fermented” spelt flour had the most acceptable rheological, technological and sensory characteristics, in addition to a substantial improvement in their antioxidant content.

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we focused on the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene fluvial terraces in the Velenje Basin and reconstructed the morphostratigraphy, sedimentary depositional environment, provenance and age of the gravel deposits using geomorphological, sedimentological, petrographic and chronological analyses. Geomorphological mapping revealed the presence of two main river‐terrace groups. The terraces in the older terrace group are severely degraded and preserved only as remnants capping high ground, while in contrast the younger group is better preserved. Detailed lithofacies analyses of four selected stratigraphic sections of the older terrace group show that the gravel was deposited in a meandering and wandering environment. The gravel consists of metamorphic, igneous, volcaniclastic, clastic and carbonate lithologies derived from the north, east and west from the Paka River catchments. To determine the timing of deposition, we performed isochron‐burial dating using cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be. Our new age constraints date the deposition of the older terrace group to 2.7 ± 0.3 Ma. Establishing the aggradation and incision model of the Velenje Basin documents pronounced regional tectonic uplift during the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene, which led to incision and the subsequent formation of a terrace staircase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine whether the partial replacement of wheat flour with bioprocessed spelt flour contributes to a higher bioaccessibility of the antioxidants in bread. The results showed that the type and amount of bioprocessed spelt flour in a bread recipe has a major impact on the extractable and bound TPC, the content of individual phenolics, their antioxidant activity, and their bioaccessibility as determined by in vitro digestion. Extractable p-coumaric and trans-ferulic acids in breads decreased after digestion, while extractable cis-ferulic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids increased. The bioaccessibility of TPC in the control bread (100% wheat flour), and in bread enriched with 5% “germinated + fermented” spelt flour (GFB5), did not differ. However, the digested GFB5 bread contained 5.2-times more extractable, and 1.3-times more bound, trans-ferulic acid than the digested control bread. trans-Ferulic acid showed the lowest bioaccessibility, up to 2.8%. In GFB2.5 and GFB5 breads, the bioaccessibility of p-coumaric, trans-ferulic, and cis-ferulic acids was higher than in other digested breads. PCA visualized the difference between the undigested and digested breads. The incorporation of germinated and fermented, or germinated and enzymatic, treated spelt flour in a white bread recipe could be an attractive way of providing consumers with nutritionally interesting foods.

This study presents the results of the first systematic morphostratigraphic and provenance analyses of the Pliocene-Quaternary fluvial sediments in the Celje and Drava-Ptuj intramontane basins. Based on the degree of terrace preservation, the dip of the terrace surfaces and fans, and the composition and degree of weathering of the sediments, low-, middle- and high-level terrace groups were constrained and tentatively attributed to Late Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene and Plio-Early Pleistocene, respectively. The provenance analysis focused on the sediments from the high-level terrace (Plio-Early Pleistocene) and encompassed clast lithological analysis and microfacies analysis of the clasts. The results indicate a local provenance with relatively short transport, which is consistent with the morphology of the clasts. The source rocks of the Plio-Early Pleistocene deposits in the Celje Basin are attributed to the formations outcropping in the southern Pohorje Massif and the Upper Savinja River Valley corresponding to the paleo-Savinja. The possibility of resedimentation of the clasts from Miocene clastic sedimentary rocks located north of the Celje Basin also needs to be considered. The sediments of the Drava-Ptuj Basin originate from the Pohorje Massif, the Kozjak mountain range, and the area south of the Pohorje Massif which were deposited by the paleo-Drava and paleo-Dravinja rivers. Our study indicates that the drainage systems of the paleo-Savinja, paleo-Drava and paleo-Dravinja during the Plio-Early Pleistocene roughly correspond to those of the present day.

The goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of different bioprocessing techniques on improved bioaccessibility of phenolics from spelt seeds. Despite the negative influence of gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation of germinated seeds significantly increased the bioaccessibility of total phenolics and their antioxidant activity compared to digested raw seeds. Enzymatic treated fermented seeds showed the highest relative bioaccessibility of p-coumaric and trans-ferulic acids, while their absolute contents were significantly higher in “germinated + fermented” seeds. Our research suggests that pretreatment of spelt seeds with hydrolytic enzymes improves access of fermenting microorganisms to structural elements, resulting in an increased content of extractable and bound trans-ferulic acid. Significantly higher biostability of phenolics was observed in raw seeds. Some major quality changes in the composition of extracts were observed under simulated in vitro digestion, since antioxidants of the same extract showed a different relative decrease in DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities compared to the raw seeds or their corresponding undigested counterparts. It is therefore important to increase the content of extractable antioxidants in seeds by bioprocessing, since they are strongly diminished during digestion.

Abstract An efficient and cost‐effective near‐field tsunami warning system is crucial for coastal communities. The existing tsunami forecasting system is based on offshore Deep‐Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoys which are not affordable for many countries. A potential cost‐effective solution is to utilize position data from ships traveling in coastal and offshore regions. In this study, we examine the feasibility of using ship‐borne GNSS data in tsunami forecasting. We carry out synthetic experiments by applying a data assimilation (DA) method with ship position (elevation and velocity) data. Our findings show that the DA method can recover the reference model with high accuracy if a dense network of ship elevation data is used. However, the use of ship velocity data alone is unable to recover the reference model. In addition, we carried out sensitivity studies of the DA method to the ship spatial distribution. We find that a 20 km gap between the ships works well in terms of accuracy and computational time for the example source model that we explored. The highest accuracy is obtained when data from a sufficient number of ships traveling in and around the tsunami source area are available.