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1. Lightweight hardware implementation of VVC transform block for ASIC decoder

Author

Farhat, I., Hamidouche, W., Grill, A, Ménard, D., and Deforges, O.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the next generation video coding standard expected by the end of 2020. Compared to its predecessor, VVC introduces new coding tools to make compression more efficient at the expense of higher computational complexity. This rises a need to design an efficient and optimised implementation especially for embedded platforms with limited memory and logic resources. One of the newly introduced tools in VVC is the Multiple Transform Selection (MTS). This latter involves three Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)/Discrete Sine Transform (DST) types with larger and rectangular transform blocks. In this paper, an efficient hardware implementation of all DCT/DST transform types and sizes is proposed. The proposed design uses 32 multipliers in a pipelined architecture which targets an ASIC platform. It consists in a multi-standard architecture that supports the transform block of recent MPEG standards including AVC, HEVC and VVC. The architecture is optimized and removes unnecessary complexities found in other proposed architec-tures by using regular multipliers instead of multiple constant multi-pliers. The synthesized results show that the proposed method which sustain a constant throughput of two pixels/cycle and constant la-tency for all block sizes can reach an operational frequency of 600 Mhz enabling to decode in real-time 4K videos at 48 fps.

Published
2020

5. A radical approach to promote multiferroic coupling in double perovskites

Author

Singh, M. P., Truong, K. D., Fournier, P., Rauwel, P., Rauwel, E., Carignan, L. P., and Menard, D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Double perovskites provide a unique opportunity to induce and control multiferroic behaviors in oxide systems. The appealing possibility to design materials with a strong coupling between the magnetization and the polarization fields may be achieved in this family since these magnetic insulators can present structural self-ordering in the appropriate growth conditions. We have studied the functional properties of La2CoMnO6 and Bi2CoMnO6 epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Cation-ordered La2CoMnO6 films display a magnetic Curie temperature of 250 K while cation-disordered Bi2CoMnO6 films present ferromagnetism up to ~ 800 K. Such high transition temperature for magnetic ordering can be further tuned by varying the strain in the films indicating an important contribution from the structural characteristics of the materials. Our approach might be generalized for other oxide systems. At this end, our results are compared with other multiferroic systems. The roles of various cations, their arrangements and structural effects are further discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figs

Published
2009
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6. Structure and Properties of Epitaxial Thin Films of Bi2fecro6: A Multiferroic Material Postulated by Ab-Initio Computation

Author

Nechache, R., Harnagea, C., Carignan, L. -P., Menard, D., and Pignolet, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Experimental results on Bi2FeCrO6 (BFCO) epitaxial films deposited by laser ablation on SrTiO3 substrates are presented. It has been theoretically predicted using first-principles density functional theory that BFCO is ferrimagnetic (with a magnetic moment of 2muB per formula unit) and ferroelectric (with a polarization of ~80 microC/cm2 at 0K). The crystal structure investigated using X-ray diffraction shows that the films are epitaxial with a high degree of crystallinity. Chemical analysis carried out by X-ray Microanalysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy indicates the correct cationic stoichiometry in the BFCO layer, namely (Bi:Fe:Cr = 2:1:1). Cross-section high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images together with selected area electron diffraction confirm the crystalline quality of the epitaxial BFCO films with no identifiable foreign phase or inclusion. The multiferroic character of BFCO is proven by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and magnetic measurements showing that the films exhibit ferroelectric and magnetic hysteresis at room temperature. The local piezoelectric measurements show the presence of ferroelectric domains and their switching at the sub-micron scale., Comment: Manuscript accepted for pulplication in Integrated ferroelectrics (2008)

Published
2009
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7. Growth, Structure and Properties of BiFeO3-BiCrO3 Films obtained by Dual Cross Beam PLD

Author

Nechache, R., Harnagea, C., Gunawan, L., Carignan, L. -P., Maunders, C., Menard, D., Botton, G. A., and Pignolet, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The properties of epitaxial Bi2FeCrO6 thin films, recently synthesized by pulsed laser deposition, have partially confirmed the theoretical predictions (i.e. a magnetic moment of 2 muB per formula unit and a polarization of ~80 microC/cm2 at 0K). The existence of magnetic ordering at room temperature for this material is an unexpected but very promising result that needs to be further investigated. Since magnetism is assumed to arise from the exchange interaction between the Fe and Cr cations, the magnetic behaviour is strongly dependent on both their ordering and the distance between them. We present here the successful synthesis of epitaxial Bi2FexCryO6 (BFCO x/y) films grown on SrTiO3 substrates using dual crossed beam pulsed laser deposition. The crystal structure of the films has different types of (111)-oriented superstructures depending on the deposition conditions. The multiferroic character of BFCO (x/y) films is proven by the presence of both ferroelectric and magnetic hysteresis at room temperature. The oxidation state of Fe and Cr ions in the films is shown to be 3+ only and the difference in macroscopic magnetization with Fe/Cr ratio composition could only be due to ordering of the Cr3+ and Fe3+ cations therefore to the modification of the exchange interaction between them., Comment: Manuscript accepted for publication in IEEE-UFFC

Published
2007

17. Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data

Author

Mansoor, R, Commons, RJ, Douglas, NM, Abuaku, B, Achan, J, Adam, I, Adjei, GO, Adjuik, M, Alemayehu, BH, Allan, R, Allen, EN, Anvikar, AR, Arinaitwe, E, Ashley, EA, Ashurst, H, Asih, PBS, Bakyaita, N, Barennes, H, Barnes, K, Basco, L, Bassat, Q, Baudin, E, Bell, DJ, Bethell, D, Bjorkman, A, Boulton, C, Bousema, T, Brasseur, P, Bukirwa, H, Burrow, R, Carrara, V, Cot, M, D'Alessandro, U, Das, D, Das, S, Davis, TME, Desai, M, Djimde, AA, Dondorp, AM, Dorsey, G, Drakeley, CJ, Duparc, S, Espie, E, Etard, J-F, Falade, C, Faucher, JF, Filler, S, Fogg, C, Fukuda, M, Gaye, O, Genton, B, Rahim, AG, Gilayeneh, J, Gonzalez, R, Grais, RF, Grandesso, F, Greenwood, B, Grivoyannis, A, Hatz, C, Hodel, EM, Humphreys, GS, Hwang, J, Ishengoma, D, Juma, E, Kachur, SP, Kager, PA, Kamugisha, E, Kamya, MR, Karema, C, Kayentao, K, Kazienga, A, Kiechel, J-R, Kofoed, P-E, Koram, K, Kremsner, PG, Lalloo, DG, Laman, M, Lee, SJ, Lell, B, Maiga, AW, Martensson, A, Mayxay, M, Mbacham, W, McGready, R, Menan, H, Menard, D, Mockenhaupt, F, Moore, BR, Muller, O, Nahum, A, Ndiaye, J-L, Newton, PN, Ngasala, BE, Nikiema, F, Nji, AM, Noedl, H, Nosten, F, Ogutu, BR, Ojurongbe, O, Osorio, L, Ouedraogo, J-B, Owusu-Agyei, S, Pareek, A, Penali, LK, Piola, P, Plucinski, M, Premji, Z, Ramharter, M, Richmond, CL, Rombo, L, Rosenthal, PJ, Salman, S, Same-Ekobo, A, Sibley, C, Sirima, SB, Smithuis, FM, Some, FA, Staedke, SG, Starzengruber, P, Strub-Wourgaft, N, Sutanto, I, Swarthout, TD, Syafruddin, D, Talisuna, AO, Taylor, WR, Temu, EA, Thwing, J, Tinto, H, Tjitra, E, Toure, OA, Tran, TH, Ursing, J, Valea, I, Valentini, G, van Vugt, M, von Seidlein, L, Ward, SA, Were, V, White, NJ, Woodrow, CJ, Yavo, W, Yeka, A, Zongo, I, Simpson, JA, Guerin, PJ, Stepniewska, K, Price, RN, Roper, C, Mansoor, R, Commons, RJ, Douglas, NM, Abuaku, B, Achan, J, Adam, I, Adjei, GO, Adjuik, M, Alemayehu, BH, Allan, R, Allen, EN, Anvikar, AR, Arinaitwe, E, Ashley, EA, Ashurst, H, Asih, PBS, Bakyaita, N, Barennes, H, Barnes, K, Basco, L, Bassat, Q, Baudin, E, Bell, DJ, Bethell, D, Bjorkman, A, Boulton, C, Bousema, T, Brasseur, P, Bukirwa, H, Burrow, R, Carrara, V, Cot, M, D'Alessandro, U, Das, D, Das, S, Davis, TME, Desai, M, Djimde, AA, Dondorp, AM, Dorsey, G, Drakeley, CJ, Duparc, S, Espie, E, Etard, J-F, Falade, C, Faucher, JF, Filler, S, Fogg, C, Fukuda, M, Gaye, O, Genton, B, Rahim, AG, Gilayeneh, J, Gonzalez, R, Grais, RF, Grandesso, F, Greenwood, B, Grivoyannis, A, Hatz, C, Hodel, EM, Humphreys, GS, Hwang, J, Ishengoma, D, Juma, E, Kachur, SP, Kager, PA, Kamugisha, E, Kamya, MR, Karema, C, Kayentao, K, Kazienga, A, Kiechel, J-R, Kofoed, P-E, Koram, K, Kremsner, PG, Lalloo, DG, Laman, M, Lee, SJ, Lell, B, Maiga, AW, Martensson, A, Mayxay, M, Mbacham, W, McGready, R, Menan, H, Menard, D, Mockenhaupt, F, Moore, BR, Muller, O, Nahum, A, Ndiaye, J-L, Newton, PN, Ngasala, BE, Nikiema, F, Nji, AM, Noedl, H, Nosten, F, Ogutu, BR, Ojurongbe, O, Osorio, L, Ouedraogo, J-B, Owusu-Agyei, S, Pareek, A, Penali, LK, Piola, P, Plucinski, M, Premji, Z, Ramharter, M, Richmond, CL, Rombo, L, Rosenthal, PJ, Salman, S, Same-Ekobo, A, Sibley, C, Sirima, SB, Smithuis, FM, Some, FA, Staedke, SG, Starzengruber, P, Strub-Wourgaft, N, Sutanto, I, Swarthout, TD, Syafruddin, D, Talisuna, AO, Taylor, WR, Temu, EA, Thwing, J, Tinto, H, Tjitra, E, Toure, OA, Tran, TH, Ursing, J, Valea, I, Valentini, G, van Vugt, M, von Seidlein, L, Ward, SA, Were, V, White, NJ, Woodrow, CJ, Yavo, W, Yeka, A, Zongo, I, Simpson, JA, Guerin, PJ, Stepniewska, K, Price, RN, and Roper, C

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia. METHODS: Individual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall ≥ 25% at day 3 and day 7. RESULTS: A total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0-19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0-20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9-17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb < 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age < 1 compared to ≥ 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.

Published
2022

20. Genetic Variants of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Their Associated Enzyme Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Pfeffer, DA, Satyagraha, AW, Sadhewa, A, Alam, MS, Bancone, G, Boum, Y, Brito, M, Cui, L, Deng, Z, Domingo, GJ, He, Y, Khan, WA, Kibria, MG, Lacerda, M, Menard, D, Monteiro, W, Pal, S, Parikh, S, Roca-Feltrer, A, Roh, M, Sirdah, MM, Wang, D, Huang, Q, Howes, RE, Price, RN, Ley, B, Charles Darwin University [Australia], Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology [Jakarta], International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Oxford, Mbarara University of Science and Technology [Mbarara] (MUST), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado [Manaus, Brazil], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Kunming Medical University (KMU), Génétique du paludisme et résistance - Malaria Genetics and Resistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Yale School of Public Health (YSPH), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Xiamen University, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), and A.W.S. and A.S. were funded by the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. GB and SMRU are supported by the Wellcome Trust [grant 220111]. GJD and PATH studies were funded by the United Kingdom’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), grant number 204139 and, by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1107113]. This research was funded by Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Science (200909 RNP) and by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [SEPRA-INV-024389]. For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), G6PD genotype, G6PD activity, Infectious Diseases, General Immunology and Microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, G6PD deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Immunology and Allergy, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Low glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PD) activity is a key determinant of drug-induced haemolysis. More than 230 clinically relevant genetic variants have been described. We investigated the variation in G6PD activity within and between different genetic variants. In this systematic review, individual patient data from studies reporting G6PD activity measured by spectrophotometry and corresponding the G6PD genotype were pooled (PROSPERO: CRD42020207448). G6PD activity was converted into percent normal activity applying study-specific definitions of 100%. In total, 4320 individuals from 17 studies across 10 countries were included, where 1738 (40.2%) had one of the 24 confirmed G6PD mutations, and 61 observations (3.5%) were identified as outliers. The median activity of the hemi-/homozygotes with A-(c.202G>A/c.376A>G) was 29.0% (range: 1.7% to 76.6%), 10.2% (range: 0.0% to 32.5%) for Mahidol, 16.9% (range 3.3% to 21.3%) for Mediterranean, 9.0% (range: 2.9% to 23.2%) for Vanua Lava, and 7.5% (range: 0.0% to 18.3%) for Viangchan. The median activity in heterozygotes was 72.1% (range: 16.4% to 127.1%) for A-(c.202G>A/c.376A>G), 54.5% (range: 0.0% to 112.8%) for Mahidol, 37.9% (range: 20.7% to 80.5%) for Mediterranean, 53.8% (range: 10.9% to 82.5%) for Vanua Lava, and 52.3% (range: 4.8% to 78.6%) for Viangchan. A total of 99.5% of hemi/homozygotes with the Mahidol mutation and 100% of those with the Mediterranean, Vanua Lava, and Viangchan mutations had A/c.376A>G), 55% of hemi/homozygotes had

Published
2022
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31. Giant magnetoimpedance in a cylindrical magnetic conductor

Author

Menard, D., Britel, M., Ciureanu, P., and Yelon, A.

Subjects
Magnetic devices -- Research, Physics
Abstract

The giant magnetoimpedance in a wire over a wide frequency range is described by using a simple dynamic method based on the close analogy between giant magnetoimpedance and ferromagnetic resonance. A small-signal approximation was employed for a cylindrical magnetic conductor which was saturated along its axis by a static magnetic field. The comparison with high frequency impedance spectra of CoFeSiB wires measured with a network analyzer, including the examination of the ferromagnetic resonance peaks, showed that the suggested model is satisfactory.

Published
1998

32. Correction: Quantification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by spectrophotometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Pfeffer, DA, Ley, B, Howes, RE, Adu, P, Alam, MS, Bansil, P, Boum, Y, Brito, M, Charoenkwan, P, Clements, A, Cui, L, Deng, Z, Egesie, OJ, Espino, FE, von Fricken, ME, Hamid, MMA, He, Y, Henriques, G, Khan, WA, Khim, N, Kim, S, Lacerda, M, Lon, C, Mekuria, AH, Menard, D, Monteiro, W, Nosten, F, Oo, NN, Pal, S, Palasuwan, D, Parikh, S, Pasaribu, AP, Poespoprodjo, JR, Price, DJ, Roca-Feltrer, A, Roh, ME, Saunders, DL, Spring, MD, Sutanto, I, LeyThriemer, K, Weppelmann, TA, Seidlein, LV, Satyagraha, AW, Bancone, G, Domingo, GJ, Price, RN, Pfeffer, DA, Ley, B, Howes, RE, Adu, P, Alam, MS, Bansil, P, Boum, Y, Brito, M, Charoenkwan, P, Clements, A, Cui, L, Deng, Z, Egesie, OJ, Espino, FE, von Fricken, ME, Hamid, MMA, He, Y, Henriques, G, Khan, WA, Khim, N, Kim, S, Lacerda, M, Lon, C, Mekuria, AH, Menard, D, Monteiro, W, Nosten, F, Oo, NN, Pal, S, Palasuwan, D, Parikh, S, Pasaribu, AP, Poespoprodjo, JR, Price, DJ, Roca-Feltrer, A, Roh, ME, Saunders, DL, Spring, MD, Sutanto, I, LeyThriemer, K, Weppelmann, TA, Seidlein, LV, Satyagraha, AW, Bancone, G, Domingo, GJ, and Price, RN

Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003084.].

Published
2020

33. Quantification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by spectrophotometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Garner, P, Pfeffer, DA, Ley, B, Howes, RE, Adu, P, Alam, MS, Bansil, P, Boum, Y, Brito, M, Charoenkwan, P, Clements, A, Cui, L, Deng, Z, Egesie, OJ, Espino, FE, von Fricken, ME, Hamid, MMA, He, Y, Henriques, G, Khan, WA, Khim, N, Kim, S, Lacerda, M, Lon, C, Mekuria, AH, Menard, D, Monteiro, W, Nosten, F, Oo, NN, Pal, S, Palasuwan, D, Parikh, S, Pasaribu, AP, Poespoprodjo, JR, Price, DJ, Roca-Feltrer, A, Roh, ME, Saunders, DL, Spring, MD, Sutanto, I, Ley-Thriemer, K, Weppelmann, TA, von Seidlein, L, Satyagraha, AW, Bancone, G, Domingo, GJ, Price, RN, Garner, P, Pfeffer, DA, Ley, B, Howes, RE, Adu, P, Alam, MS, Bansil, P, Boum, Y, Brito, M, Charoenkwan, P, Clements, A, Cui, L, Deng, Z, Egesie, OJ, Espino, FE, von Fricken, ME, Hamid, MMA, He, Y, Henriques, G, Khan, WA, Khim, N, Kim, S, Lacerda, M, Lon, C, Mekuria, AH, Menard, D, Monteiro, W, Nosten, F, Oo, NN, Pal, S, Palasuwan, D, Parikh, S, Pasaribu, AP, Poespoprodjo, JR, Price, DJ, Roca-Feltrer, A, Roh, ME, Saunders, DL, Spring, MD, Sutanto, I, Ley-Thriemer, K, Weppelmann, TA, von Seidlein, L, Satyagraha, AW, Bancone, G, Domingo, GJ, and Price, RN

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale requires treatment with primaquine or tafenoquine to clear dormant liver stages. Either drug can induce haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, necessitating screening. The reference diagnostic method for G6PD activity is ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry; however, a universal G6PD activity threshold above which these drugs can be safely administered is not yet defined. Our study aimed to quantify assay-based variation in G6PD spectrophotometry and to explore the diagnostic implications of applying a universal threshold. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Individual-level data were pooled from studies that used G6PD spectrophotometry. Studies were identified via PubMed search (25 April 2018) and unpublished contributions from contacted authors (PROSPERO: CRD42019121414). Studies were excluded if they assessed only individuals with known haematological conditions, were family studies, or had insufficient details. Studies of malaria patients were included but analysed separately. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using an adapted form of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Repeatability and intra- and interlaboratory variability in G6PD activity measurements were compared between studies and pooled across the dataset. A universal threshold for G6PD deficiency was derived, and its diagnostic performance was compared to site-specific thresholds. Study participants (n = 15,811) were aged between 0 and 86 years, and 44.4% (7,083) were women. Median (range) activity of G6PD normal (G6PDn) control samples was 10.0 U/g Hb (6.3-14.0) for the Trinity assay and 8.3 U/g Hb (6.8-15.6) for the Randox assay. G6PD activity distributions varied significantly between studies. For the 13 studies that used the Trinity assay, the adjusted male median (AMM; a standardised metric of 100% G6PD activity) varied from 5.7 to 12.6 U/g Hb (p < 0.001). A

Published
2020

34. Lipid processing and lipoprotein synthesis by the developing human fetal colon

Author

Levy, E., Loirdighi, N., Thibault, L., Nguyen, T.D., Labuda, D., Delvin, E., and Menard, D.

Subjects
Colon (Anatomy) -- Physiological aspects, Gastrointestinal mucosa -- Physiological aspects, Lipids in nutrition -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The role of the colon in nutrition was determined by investigating its contribution to lipid processing and lipoprotein synthesis in the developing human fetal colon. The results showed that the colon is involved in the synthesis of lipids, lipoproteins and major apoproteins. It was also suggested that the colon is involved in the transport of lipids and lipoproteins in the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Published
1996

36. Detection of hepatitis A virus, rotavirus, and enterovirus in naturally contaminated shellfish and sediment by reverse transcription-seminested PCR

Author

Guyader, F. Le, Dubois, E., Menard, D., and Pommepuy, M.

Subjects
Viruses -- Identification and classification, Biological sciences
Abstract

A reverse transcription-seminested PCR technique helps detect hepatitis A virus (HAV) rotavirus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) in several species of shellfish. CC41 cellulose helps remove inhibitors of RV detection, and the use of a Sephadex column helps detect EV and HAV RNAs in samples of sediment. These techniques cannot differentiate between infectious and noninfectious particles, and viral contamination exhibits no relationship with bacterial contamination.

Published
1994

38. The tolerability of single low dose primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate deficient and normal falciparum-infected Cambodians

Author

Dysoley, L, Kim, S, Lopes, S, Khim, N, Bjorges, S, Top, S, Huch, C, Rekol, H, Westercamp, N, Fukuda, MM, Hwang, J, Roca-Feltrer, A, Mukaka, M, Menard, D, Taylor, WR, National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), School of Public Health [Phnom Penh, Cambodge], National Institute of Public Health [Phnom Penh, Cambodge], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Malaria Consortium [Phnom Penh, Cambodge], World Health Organization [Phnom Penh] (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Malaria Branch [Atlanta, GA, États-Unis], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria [Bangkok, Thaïlande] (DPDM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Bangkok, Thaïlande], U.S. President's Malaria Initiative [Atlanta, GA,], Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre for Tropical Medicine [Oxford, Royaume-Uni], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Malaria Genetics and Resistance Group [Paris], Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was made possible through support provided by the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative via the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of an Interagency Agreement with CDC and the Malaria Consortium., Bodescot, Myriam, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, University of Oxford-University of Oxford, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Plasmodium falciparum, Glucose-6-Phosphate, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Primaquine, Parasitemia, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, G6PD deficiency, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Malaria, Falciparum, Child, Aged, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Middle Aged, Artemisinins, Malaria, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Transmission blocking, Cambodia, Research Article
Abstract

Background The WHO recommends single low-dose primaquine (SLDPQ, 0.25 mg/kg body weight) in falciparum-infected patients to block malaria transmission and contribute to eliminating multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum from the Greater Mekong Sub region (GMS). However, the anxiety regarding PQ-induced acute haemolytic anaemia in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) has hindered its use. Therefore, we assessed the tolerability of SLDPQ in Cambodia to inform national policy. Methods This open randomised trial of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHAPP) + SLDPQ vs. DHAPP alone recruited Cambodians aged ≥1 year with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum. Randomisation was 4:1 DHAPP+SLDPQ: DHAPP for G6PDd patients and 1:1 for G6PDn patients, according to the results of the qualitative fluorescent spot test. Definitive G6PD status was determined by genotyping. Day (D) 7 haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was the primary outcome measure. Results One hundred nine patients (88 males, 21 females), aged 4–76 years (median 23) were enrolled; 12 were G6PDd Viangchan (9 hemizygous males, 3 heterozygous females). Mean nadir Hb occurred on D7 [11.6 (range 6.4 ─ 15.6) g/dL] and was significantly lower (p = 0.040) in G6PDd (n = 9) vs. G6PDn (n = 46) DHAPP+SLDPQ recipients: 10.9 vs. 12.05 g/dL, Δ = -1.15 (95% CI: -2.24 ─ -0.05) g/dL. Three G6PDn patients had D7 Hb concentrations

Published
2019
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39. Molecular characterization and mapping of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mutations in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Author

Bancone, G, Menard, D, Khim, N, Kim, S, Canier, L, Nguong, C, Phommasone, K, Mayxay, M, Dittrich, S, Vongsouvath, M, Fievet, N, Le Hesran, J-Y, Briand, V, Keomany, S, Newton, PN, Gorsawun, G, Tardy, K, Chu, CS, Rattanapalroj, O, Dong, LT, Quang, HH, Tam-Uyen, N, Thuy-Nhien, N, Hien, TT, Kalnoky, M, Nosten, F, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Institute of Research and Education Development [Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic], University of Health Sciences [Vientiane, Laos] (UHS), Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Salavan Provincial Hospital, Bureau of Vector Born Diseases [Bangkok, Thailande], Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology [Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam] (IMPE), Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology [Quy Nhon, Vietnam] (IMPE), Hospital for Tropical Diseases - HTD [Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam], Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Diagnostics Program [Seattle, WA, USA] (PATH), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Communautés d’universités et établissements Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Chimie ParisTech-Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Santé de la mère et de l'enfant en milieu tropical : épidémiologie génétique et périnatale, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (Faculty of Tropical Medicine), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust, Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Menard, Didier

Subjects
Adult, Male, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, Genotype, lcsh:RC955-962, Research, Infant, Newborn, Genetic Variation, Infant, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Middle Aged, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Young Adult, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Child, Preschool, parasitic diseases, Prevalence, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, lcsh:RC109-216, Female, Child, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Asia, Southeastern
Abstract

Background Plasmodium vivax malaria elimination can only be achieved by the deployment of 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine and tafenoquine) in combination with ACT to kill both blood and liver-stage parasites. However, primaquine and the other 8-aminoquinolines cause dose-dependent haemolysis in subjects with G6PD deficiency, an X-linked disorder of red blood cells that is very common in populations living in tropical and subtropical areas. In order to inform safer use of 8-aminoquinolines in the Greater Mekong Subregion, a multi-centre study was carried out to assess the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and to identify the main G6PD variants in samples collected in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Methods Blood samples were collected in the five countries during National Malaria Surveys or during Population Surveys. During Population Surveys samples were characterized for G6PD phenotype using the Fluorescent Spot Test. Samples were then genotyped for a panel of G6PD mutations. Results G6PD deficiency was found to be common in the region with an overall mean prevalence of deficient or mutated hemizygous males of 14.0%, ranging from a mean 7.3% in Thailand, 8.1% in Lao PDR, 8.9% in Vietnam, 15.8% in Myanmar and 18.8% in Cambodia. Mahidol and Viangchan mutations were the most common and widespread variants found among the nine investigated. Conclusions Owing to the high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the Greater Mekong Subregion, strategies for vivax malaria elimination should include point-of-care G6PD testing (both qualitative and quantitative) to allow safe and wide treatment with 8-aminoquinolines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2652-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019
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40. Formalism to optimize magnetic noise in giant magnetoimpedance-based devices

Author

Melo, Luiz G.C., Menard, D., Yelon, A., Ding, L., Saez, S., and Dolabdjian, C.

Subjects
Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

This paper describes a theoretical study of the sensitivity and intrinsic noise response in a longitudinal giant magnetoimpedance sensor of a magnetically soft microwire. We show that the ratio of the intrinsic magnetic noise voltage spectral density to the sensitivity is proportional to [epsilon]/sin 0, where [epsilon] depends upon the internal field and frequency and 0 is the angle between the equilibrium magnetization and the axial applied static field. The model allows us to calculate the influence of the easy axis angle and the applied fields on sensor response and to obtain a working point. We show the conditions necessary to reduce the intrinsic noise level to the fT/[check]Hz level. Index Terms--Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI), magnetic field sensors, magnetic noise, soft magnetic wires.

Published
2007

41. Measurement and model of the tensile stress dependence of the second harmonic of nonlinear GMI in amorphous wires

Author

Seddaoui, D., Menard, D., and Yelon, A.

Subjects
Amorphous substances -- Analysis, Amorphous substances -- Reports, Anisotropy -- Analysis, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The second harmonic component of nonlinear GMI in soft magnetic wires with helical anisotropy and near-zero negative magnetostriction subjected to different tensile stresses is studied for various current amplitudes (3-13 m[A.sub.rms]) and frequencies (1-3 MHz). In the absence of tensile stress, the dc field dependence of the second harmonic of the voltage across the wire, [V.sub.2f], exhibits a symmetric four-peak structure. The application of increasing tensile stress at relatively low current (3-5 m[A.sub.rms]) causes the [V.sub.2] f signal to convert to a three-peak structure after a complicated series of changes. The three-peak structure consists of two outer peaks (OP) and one small central peak (CP) situated at very low field. When the current amplitude is increased, the [V.sub.2f] signal reverts to the four-peak structure, reversing the same steps. At relatively high frequencies, the [V.sub.2f] signal increases with current amplitude to more than 160 mV at high stress. Using a simple quasi-static model, we were able to qualitatively reproduce the three and four-peak structures and their dependence on current amplitude and tensile stress. Frequency dependence requires a dynamical model, as does precise determination of sizes and positions of peaks. This is being developed. Index Terms--Amorphous wires, helical anisotropy, magnetoimpedance, second harmonic, tensile stress.

Published
2007

42. Plasmepsin II–III copy number accounts for bimodal piperaquine resistance among Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum

Author

Bopp, S, Magistrado, P, Wong, W, Schaffner, S, Mukherjee, A, Lim, P, Dhorda, M, Amaratunga, C, Woodrow, C, Ashley, E, White, N, Dondorp, A, Fairhurst, R, Ariey, F, Menard, D, Wirth, D, Volkman, S, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), WWARN Asia Regional Centre [Bangkok, Thailand], Mahidol University [Bangkok], Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok], Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit [Yangon, Myanmar], Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Simmons college, This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health., We thank Courtney Edison for slide reading and subcloning the KH001_053 isolate., The computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Division of Science, Research Computing Group at Harvard University. N.J.W., C.J.W. were supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Grant Number OPP1040463, which also funded culture adaptation of the parasites described herein. Additional support was provided to DFW by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Grant Number OPP1053604. This document is an output from a project of the Tracking Resistance to Artemisinin Collaboration funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. However, the views expressed and information contained in it are not necessarily those of or endorsed by DFID, which can accept no responsibility for such views or for any reliance place on them., University of Oxford [Oxford]-Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Infectious-disease epidemiology, DNA Copy Number Variations, Whole Genome Sequencing, Cell Survival, Science, Plasmodium falciparum, Drug Resistance, Gene Dosage, Protozoan Proteins, Article, Malaria, Target validation, Isoenzymes, Antimalarials, parasitic diseases, Quinolines, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, Humans, lcsh:Q, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, lcsh:Science, Cambodia, Antiparasitic agents
Abstract

Multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia endangers regional malaria elimination and threatens to spread to other malaria endemic areas. Understanding mechanisms of piperaquine (PPQ) resistance is crucial for tracking its emergence and spread, and to develop effective strategies for overcoming it. Here we analyze a mechanism of PPQ resistance in Cambodian parasites. Isolates exhibit a bimodal dose–response curve when exposed to PPQ, with the area under the curve quantifying their survival in vitro. Increased copy number for plasmepsin II and plasmepsin III appears to explain enhanced survival when exposed to PPQ in most, but not all cases. A panel of isogenic subclones reinforces the importance of plasmepsin II–III copy number to enhanced PPQ survival. We conjecture that factors producing increased parasite survival under PPQ exposure in vitro may drive clinical PPQ failures in the field., Piperaquine (PPQ) resistance of Plasmodium is an increasing problem. Here, Bopp et al. find a bimodal dose−response curve of Cambodian isolates exposed to PPQ, with the area under the curve correlating with in vitro PPQ resistance, and show the importance of Plasmepsin II–III copy number to PPQ resistance.

Published
2018
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50. Performance of the Access Bio/CareStart rapid diagnostic test for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Cui, L, Ley, B, Winasti Satyagraha, A, Rahmat, H, von Fricken, ME, Douglas, NM, Pfeffer, DA, Espino, F, von Seidlein, L, Henriques, G, Oo, NN, Menard, D, Parikh, S, Bancone, G, Karahalios, A, Price, RN, Cui, L, Ley, B, Winasti Satyagraha, A, Rahmat, H, von Fricken, ME, Douglas, NM, Pfeffer, DA, Espino, F, von Seidlein, L, Henriques, G, Oo, NN, Menard, D, Parikh, S, Bancone, G, Karahalios, A, and Price, RN

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To reduce the risk of drug-induced haemolysis, all patients should be tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (G6PDd) prior to prescribing primaquine (PQ)-based radical cure for the treatment of vivax malaria. This systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis assessed the utility of a qualitative lateral flow assay from Access Bio/CareStart (Somerset, NJ) (CareStart Screening test for G6PD deficiency) for the diagnosis of G6PDd compared to the gold standard spectrophotometry (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO]: CRD42019110994). METHODS AND FINDINGS: Articles published on PubMed between 1 January 2011 and 27 September 2019 were screened. Articles reporting performance of the standard CSG from venous or capillary blood samples collected prospectively and considering spectrophotometry as gold standard (using kits from Trinity Biotech PLC, Wicklow, Ireland) were included. Authors of articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were contacted to contribute anonymized individual data. Minimal data requested were sex of the participant, CSG result, spectrophotometry result in U/gHb, and haemoglobin (Hb) reading. The adjusted male median (AMM) was calculated per site and defined as 100% G6PD activity. G6PDd was defined as an enzyme activity of less than 30%. Pooled estimates for sensitivity and specificity, unconditional negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) were calculated comparing CSG results to spectrophotometry using a random-effects bivariate model. Of 11 eligible published articles, individual data were available from 8 studies, 6 from Southeast Asia, 1 from Africa, and 1 from the Americas. A total of 5,815 individual participant data (IPD) were available, of which 5,777 results (99.3%) were considered for analysis, including data from 3,095 (53.6%) females. Overall, the CSG had a pooled sensitivity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.90-0.99) and

Published
2019

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