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Attachment concepts are used in diverging ways, which has caused confusion in communication among researchers, among practitioners, and between researchers and practitioners, and hinders their potential for collaboration. In this essay we explore how attachment concepts may vary in meaning across six different domains: popular discourses, developmental science, social psychological science, psychiatric diagnosis, psychotherapy, and child welfare practice. We attempt to typify these forms of attachment discourse by highlighting points of convergence, divergence, and relay between the different domains. Our general conclusions are that diversity in the use of attachment concepts across different domains of application has been largely unrecognised, and that recognition of these differences would reduce confusion, help identify sites where infrastructure needs to be developed to support coordination, and strengthen opportunities for collaboration to mutual benefit. We suggest that academic attachment discourse would benefit from clarification of core terminology, including: “attachment”, “internal working model”, “trauma”, and “dysregulation”.

It is well-known that people with an intellectual disability often face a host of health inequalities and co-morbidities. These include childhood obesity, mental health problems, and challenging behaviour. People with an intellectual disability also have reduced life expectancy. GPs are uniquely placed to advocate for and signpost these patients, ensuring they have access to appropriate support. However, it is often unclear what resources are, in reality, both available and beneficial. Here we aim to summarise some of the common inequalities and complexities when working with patients with an intellectual disability and provide an overview of some potentially helpful services.

The majority of renal tract problems in childhood are congenital in origin with an overall incidence of 2–4 per 1000 live births. Some anomalies may occur in isolation e.g. posterior urethral valves; whilst others may be part of a more complex spectrum of anomalies. Prenatal screening has highlighted an increasing number of children with renal tract anomalies which may require paediatric specialist involvement in the immediate postnatal period. Most congenital renal tract problems are managed by paediatric urologists and paediatric surgeons with a special interest in urology. However, it is important that paediatricians have an understanding of optimal management. The aim of this review is to highlight the most common renal tract disorders of childhood and to discuss their aetiology, clinical presentation, investigation and surgical management.

An effective managed care contract negotiation strategy should be founded on: Internal analysis that compares performance of your current managed care contracts in terms of volume versus discount rates and volume versus profit. External analysis that compares your current contracts with those of competitors and assesses prevailing market rates, contract language and provisions, and premium trends Payment performance analysis that identifies payment promptness and accuracy and associated penalty dollars for each payer.

A linguistic analysis was performed on the Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample (PFMSS) of 42 parents. PFMSS is a validated measure for Expressed Emotion (EE) to assess parent-child relationship. Half of these parents (n = 21, clinical group) had preschool children with early symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the rest had typically developing children. Early symptoms of ADHD were identified with the Werry-Weiss Peters Rating Scale. The linguistic component of the PFMSS was analysed with keyword and linguistic pattern identification. The results of these two complementary analyses (i.e., EE and linguistic analysis) provided relevant recommendations that may improve the efficacy of psychological treatment for ADHD such as parenting interventions. We discuss the practical implications of these findings.