Search

Rodents are the most numerous order of mammals. The literature presents information on the arterial circle of the brain in capybara, the guinea pig of the family Caviidae and many other not so closely related rodent species. Information on the blood supply to the brain is often incomplete and focuses on one pathway in a broader comparative aspect. The supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain is very important for its proper functioning. The aim of this study is to describe the pathways supplying blood to the cranial cavity and to describe the arterial circle of the brain in the Patagonian mara. The study was conducted on 46 specimens using two methods. The first of them used a stained solution of the chemo-setting acrylic material. The second one, the colored liquid LBS 3060 latex. The arterial circle of the brain is a heart-shaped structure. It is formed by rostral cerebral arteries, caudal communicating arteries and the basilar artery. Blood supplies the arterial circle of the brain in three ways. First one is the basilar artery, which originates from the vertebral arteries. The second one is the internal carotid artery which joins a branch from the external ophthalmic artery. The third is the internal ophthalmic artery, which branches from the external ophthalmic artery., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The main aim of this study was to analyze the arterial circle of the brain and rostral epidural rete mirabile in specimens of the common wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). The arterial circle of the brain is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to particular lobes of the brain and surrounding structures. The study was conducted on male and female adults (n = 12) by bilateral injection of an acetone solution of vinyl superchloride or latex LBS3060, which resulted in a cast of arteries of the head and encephalic base. We describe the exact structure of the arterial circle of the brain and rostral epidural rete mirabile. The shape of the arterial circle of the brain in the common wildebeest is heart-shaped, as in other Bovidae. It is formed by bilateral rostral cerebral arteries, caudal communicating arteries, and the basilar artery, with a general pattern of vessels forming and branching off from the arterial circle of the brain, as described in other ruminants. The rostral cerebral and caudal communicating arteries emerge from an intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery, which in turn arises from vessels of the rostral epidural rete mirabile. This structure, well developed in the examined individuals, has mechanisms underlying selective cooling of the brain, protecting animals from hyperthermia, and affecting body water balance., (© 2022 American Association for Anatomy.)

The Balkan Peninsula region has a very diverse agricultural and livestock tradition, and almost every country has its own local breed of sheep. Different breeds of sheep and different breeding traditions, despite the small geographical distance, determine the morphological and morphometric variability among animal breeds. In this study, this morphological diversity among the skulls of sheep breeds of some countries in the Balkan region was examined by the geometric morphometric method. 2D images of 86 sheep skulls from five different countries were analyzed from the dorsal view.Sixteen landmarks were used. The Bardhoka and the Ivesi breed have the broadest distributions of skull shape amongst the sheep breeds. The Ruda sheep is the most morphologically conservative. The sheep from Turkey (Ivesi) and Kosovo (Bardhoka) seem to differ mainly from sheep from other Balkan countries. Bardhoka and Ruda differ most from each other (p < 0.0001). The next biggest differences were between Ivesi and Ruda (p < 0.0011) and between Bardhoka and Sharri sheep (p < 0.0016). The sheep breeds Dubska and Lara e Polisit differ the least from each other. Geometrics morphometric analysis is a useful tool to detect differences in the shape of the skull of different sheep breeds and can therefore be used successfully for taxonomic purposes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

The anatomy of the nasal cavity and its structures, as well as other elements building a scaffold for olfactory organs, differs significantly among various groups of mammals. Understanding anatomical conditions of quality of olfaction are being studied worldwide and is a complex problem. Among many studies regarding bone and epithelial structures of turbinates and connected anatomical structures, few studies describe the vascularization of turbinates. Ethmoid turbinates are above all covered in olfactory epithelium containing branched axons that receive olfactory stimuli and as olfactory nerves penetrate the cribriform lamina of the ethmoid bone conveying information from smell receptors to the brain. Differences in vascularization of the cribriform plate and turbinates may add crucial information complementing studies regarding the olfactory organ's bone and soft tissue structures. In the study, we describe the vascularization of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone of 54 Artiodactyla and Carnivora., (© 2023 Anatomical Society.)