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Dexosarcophaga sphaera sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E5DD7085-DF04-4E1F-BDFD-BFA0BEE94A79 Figs 8B–D, 9–10 Diagnosis Vein R1 bare. Male: scutellum with a pair of reduced apical setae; vesica like a small sclerotized plate (Fig. 9D–E); juxta like a narrow band (Fig. 9D–E). Female: the two halves of T8 widely separated by at least four times the width of cercus, each half pointed in its median part (Fig. 10A–B). Etymology The species epithet ‘ sphaera ’ should be treated as a noun in apposition. The name is a Latin noun ‘ sphaera ’, meaning ‘ball’ and alluding to the spherical paraphallus. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Roraima, Surumu; Sep. 1966; M. Alvarenga leg.; MNRJ [lost]. Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂: same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ [lost] • 2 ♂♂; Minas Gerais, Uberlândia, Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó, Cerrado Campo Sujo; 18º58′59.48″ S, 48º17′50″ W; 24 Jul. 2005; J. Mendes leg.; MNRJ [lost] • 1 ♂; Pernambuco, Tamandaré; R.F.R. Carmo leg.; MNRJ [lost] • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Brasília, Distrito Federal, Fazenda Vargem Bonita; 29 Jul. 1968; R. Kano leg.; MNRJ [lost] • 1 ♂; Brasília, Distrito Federal; alt. 1000 m; 15–30 May 1957; Barros-Albuquerque leg.; MNRJ [lost]. Description Male (n=7) Length: 6–9 mm. Differs from D. phoenix sp. nov. as follows: Frons about 0.18 × head width at level of ocellar triangle; 7–10 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of apex of pedicel; gena and genal groove with slightly yellowish-silver pollinosity (Fig. 8B); first flagellomere approximately 4× as long as pedicel; thorax with slightly yellowish-silver pollinosity (Fig. 8B); intra-alars 2+2; meral setae 8–11; scutellum with pair of reduced apical setae; abdomen dark brown, with slightly yellowish-silver pollinosity (Fig. 8B); T4 with 2 pairs of lateral marginal setae; row of about 12 marginal setae on T5; inner margin of ST5 without lobes or an incision but with elongate pad-shaped protrusion (Fig. 9A); cercal prong rounded in lateral view (Fig. 9B); surstylus almost triangular (Fig. 9B); pregonite as long as postgonite (Fig. 9D); postgonite with long seta inserted near the slightly dilated anterobasal corner (Fig. 9D); vesica in lateral view in shape of small sclerotized triangular plate (Fig. 9D–E); juxta like narrow band (Fig. 9D–E); median stylus narrow, as long as lateral stylus (Fig. 9D–E); lateral stylus with base expanded towards ventral margin of paraphallus and equipped with spines apically (Fig. 9D–E). Female (n =4) Length: 6–9 mm; frons about 0.29 × head width at level of ocellar triangle; scutellum without apical setae; T5 with 10 marginal setae; T8 divided into two large and bare halves, widely separated by at least 4 × as wide as cercus, each half pointed in its median part (Fig. 10A–B); ST2–5 with one pair of long setae (Fig. 10A); ST5 almost square (Fig. 10A); ST6–8 fused (Fig. 10A–B); ST7 about 2× as long as ST6 (Fig. 10A–B); ST8 rounded (Fig. 10A–B); epiproct membranous, without setae (Fig. 10A–B); vaginal plate sclerotized (Fig. 10A–B). Distribution Brazil (Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Roraima). Remarks Dexosarcophaga sphaera sp. nov. is similar to D. globulosa Lopes, 1946. Males of both species have paraphallus with a pointed projection on distal half and juxta like a narrow band (Fig. 9D–E; Mello 1996: figs 16, 18). These two species can be differentiated by the following features: postgonite with long seta inserted near a slightly dilated region in anterobasal corner (Fig. 9D), vesica short (Fig. 9D– E), and elongated lateral and median styli (Fig. 9D–E) in D. sphaera sp. nov., versus postgonite with long seta inserted near a slightly dilated region in anteroapical corner (Mello 1996: figs 13–14), vesica conspicuous (Mello 1996: figs 16–17), and short lateral and median styli (Mello 1996: figs 16, 18) in D. globulosa., Published as part of Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos, Pape, Thomas & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Eight new species of Dexosarcophaga Townsend, 1917 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from the Neotropical Region, pp. 109-137 in European Journal of Taxonomy 828 on pages 125-129, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1857, http://zenodo.org/record/6823730, {"references":["Mello C. A. 1996. Revisao do genero Farrimyia Dodge, 1965 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) - Parte I. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 56: 459 - 471."]}

Dexosarcophaga phoenix sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E136889-13B8-4421-90AA-7667462CE4B1 Figs 1–2, 3A–B Diagnosis Vein R 1 bare. Male: scutellum without apical setae; vesica funnel-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 1E); juxta like a cap or flat helmet, spread evenly across the paraphallus (Fig. 1D). Female: the two halves of T8 separated by less than the width of the cercus, each half of T8 with a deep anteromedian incision (Fig. 2A–B). Etymology The species epithet ‘ phoenix ’ should be treated as a noun in apposition. The ‘Phoenix’ is a mythological, resilient bird that arises from the ashes after having burned itself to death. This characteristic could symbolize a new beginning, like the start over of the Entomological Collection of Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, after the tragic fire on 2 Sep. 2018 that destroyed most of its Entomological Collection, including all Sarcophagidae specimens. The new species is named in honor of the entire community of the Museu Nacional, for staying resilient after this tragic fire. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Lagoa Azul; 26 Sep. 1954; Albuquerque and Barros leg.; MNRJ [lost]. Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Minas Gerais, Nova Lima, Lagoa Grande; 22 Feb. 1970; H.S. Lopes leg.; MNRJ [lost] • 1 ♂; Brasília, Distrito Federal; Nov. 1960; A.B. Guimarães leg.; MNRJ [lost]. Description Male (n=3 ) Length: 6–8 mm. HEAD. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate and postocular orbits dark brown, with intense golden pollinosity (Fig. 3A); setae present on lower half of facial ridge; parafacial with row of setulae close to eye, lowermost 1–2 similar in size to subvibrissal setae; frons about 0.20 × head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta blackish; 8–11 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of apex of pedicel; rows of frontal setae parallel; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; outer vertical seta undifferentiated from postocular setae; gena and genal groove with golden pollinosity (Fig. 3A); black setae on gena; postgena with silvery-gray pollinosity, black setae, and white setae restricted to posteriormost part (Fig. 3A); antenna dark brown (Fig. 3A); first flagellomere approximately 3× as long as pedicel; arista long plumose on basal ¾; palpus blackish (Fig. 3A). THORAX. Dark brown with silvery-gray pollinosity (Fig. 3A); chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0–1 +1, dorsocentrals 3 (the anteriormost shorter) + 4 (two minor anterior), intra-alars 2+3, supra-alars 2 (the anterior one shorter) +3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with one pair of basal and one pair of subapical setae, pair of preapical discal setae, apical setae absent; katepisternum with 3 setae almost in straight line; meral setae 8–10; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. WING. Hyaline, veins dark brown; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally on ⅔ of distance to crossvein r-m; vein R 1 bare; cell r 4+5 open at wing margin; costal spine not differentiated; third costal sector bare ventrally. LEGS. Blackish-brown, pulvilli yellowish-brown (Fig. 3A); mid femur with 2 median anterior setae, row of anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, row of posteroventral setae and ctenidium of round spines posteroventrally; mid tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal posterior seta and 2 posterior setae in apical third; hind trochanter with normal anteromedian setae. ABDOMEN. Dark brown, with silvery-gray pollinosity (Fig. 3A); T4 with 1 pair of longer median marginal setae and 1 pair of lateral marginal setae; row of about 14 marginal setae on T5; marginal setae of ST2–4 not differentiated from discal setae; ST5 deeply cleft to mid length, like inverted V; arms divergent, with sparse setae; pair of small setulose lobes almost meeting in midline; window absent (Fig. 1A). TERMINALIA. Dark brown to black (Fig. 3A–B); cercus with numerous long setae in basal half and short and sparse setae in apical half; cercal prongs divergent and pointed (Fig. 1B–C); surstylus almost rectangular, with long apical setae (Fig. 1B); pregonite 2× as long as postgonite, curved like an ‘inverted C’ (Fig. 1D); postgonite with apex pointed and curved and a long seta inserted near middle of anterior margin (Fig. 1D); postgonal apodeme short and oval (Fig. 1D); basiphallus and distiphallus distinctly separated by dorsal membranous strip (Fig. 1D); vesica funnel-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 1E); juxta like cap or flat helmet (Fig. 1D–E); median stylus with enlarged base and apex narrow, slightly longer than lateral stylus, serrated laterally and with base curved towards ventral margin of paraphallus (Fig. 1D–E); lateral stylus narrow, with base slightly curved towards ventral margin of paraphallus and with apical spines (Fig. 1D–E). Female (n =2) Length: 6–8 mm. Differs from male as follows: Frons about 0.30 × head width at level of ocellar triangle; 2 proclinate orbital setae similar to or slightly longer than reclinate orbital seta; outer vertical seta about ¾ length of inner vertical seta; mid femur without ctenidium; T5 with row of about 12 marginal setae; T6 undivided, broad posteriorly and with row of longer marginal setae at posterior margin (Fig. 2A–B); spiracle 6 in intersegmental membrane and spiracle 7 in tergal plate (Fig. 2A–B); T8 divided into two large and bare halves, separated by less than width of cercus, each half with deep anteromedian incision (Fig. 2A–B); marginal setae of ST2–4 slightly differentiated from discal setae (Fig. 2A); ST5 longer than wide (Fig. 2A); ST7–8 fused (Fig. 2A–B); ST6+ ST7 almost rectangular (Fig. 2A–B); numerous marginal setae on ST6 (Fig. 2A–B); ST7 as long as ST6, with numerous setae along posterior margin (Fig. 2A–B); ST8 short, almost as long as ST7 (Fig. 2A–B); epiproct membranous, with one pair of setae (Fig. 2A–B); hypoproct broad (Fig. 2A–B); cercus broad and rounded (Fig. 2A–B); vaginal plate membranous; spermathecae oval and striated (Fig. 2C). Distribution Brazil (Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro). Remarks Dexosarcophaga phoenix sp. nov. is morphologically similar to D. jandainae sp. nov. and D. angrensis (Lopes, 1975). Dexosarcophaga phoenix sp. nov. and D. jandainae sp. nov. can be differentiated from D. angrensis by the absence of setosity on vein R 1 and by the complete visibility of the juxta in lateral view (Figs 1D, 4D) as opposed to a setose vein R 1 and an indistinct juxta in D. angrensis (Silva & MelloPatiu 2010: figs 46–47). Dexosarcophaga phoenix sp. nov. and D. jandainae sp. nov. share a helmetshaped juxta (Figs 1D–E, 4D–E), but they can be differentiated in particular by the shape of the vesica in ventral view, which is broadest proximally and looks like a funnel in D. phoenix sp. nov. (Fig. 1E), and is broadest distally and looks like an ‘X’ in D. jandainae sp. nov. (Fig. 4E)., Published as part of Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos, Pape, Thomas & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Eight new species of Dexosarcophaga Townsend, 1917 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from the Neotropical Region, pp. 109-137 in European Journal of Taxonomy 828 on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1857, http://zenodo.org/record/6823730

Dexosarcophaga jandainae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 41B9BB0E-3692-4305-A548-CB8AB62CE2DE Figs 3C–D, 4 Diagnosis Vein R 1 bare. Male: scutellum without apical setae; vesica in ventral view X-shaped (Fig. 4E); juxta like a cap or helmet, spread across the paraphallus and strongly projected towards the ventral surface in lateral view, i.e., with the apical part recurving (Fig. 4D). [Female unknown.] Etymology The species epithet ‘ jandainae ’ (‘ jandaina ’ + ‘ ae ’), a feminine genitive, is given in honor of Jandaína Rodrigues dos Santos de Oliveira, sister of the first author. Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães, Trilha Cidade de Pedra; 15°18′06.1″ S, 055°50′28.8″ W; 21 Jan. 2012; Lamas, Nihei and team leg.; Van Someren trap (papaya); MNRJ [lost]. Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same locality and collectors as for holotype; 15°17′58.34″ S, 055°50′23.65″ W; 15 Jan. 2013; active collection; MZUSP [lost]. Description Male (n=2) Length: 7–8 mm. Differs from D. phoenix sp. nov. as follows: Head with 7–9 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of apex of pedicel; acrostichals 3 (weakly differentiated) +1; intra-alars 2+2, meral setae 7–9; T 4 with 2–3 pairs of lateral marginal setae; row of about 12 marginal setae on T 5; inner margin of ST5 without lobes or incision (Fig. 4A); cercal prong truncated in lateral view (Fig. 4B); surstylus slightly curved (Fig. 4B); pregonite 1.5× as long as postgonite (Fig. 4D); postgonite with long seta inserted near slightly dilated region in anteroapical corner (Fig. 4D); vesica X-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 4E); juxta strongly projected towards ventral surface in lateral view (Fig. 4D); median stylus narrow, as long as lateral stylus and with apical spines (Fig. 4D–E); lateral stylus with base twisted towards ventral margin of paraphallus and with apical spines (Fig. 4D–E). Female Unknown. Distribution Brazil (Mato Grosso). Remarks Dexosarcophaga jandainae sp. nov. is morphologically similar to D. phoenix sp. nov., but differs as mentioned in the remarks for that species., Published as part of Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos, Pape, Thomas & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Eight new species of Dexosarcophaga Townsend, 1917 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from the Neotropical Region, pp. 109-137 in European Journal of Taxonomy 828 on page 117, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1857, http://zenodo.org/record/6823730

Dexosarcophaga napo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7D291A80-C95E-4B05-A495-2BFC055F6FA6 Figs 8E–F, 11 Diagnosis Vein R1 setulose. Male: scutellum without apical setae; pregonite with distal part curved and with a spine-like projection (Fig. 11D); vesica stick-like in lateral view, extremities enlarged in ventral view (Fig. 11D–E); juxta mostly membranous and almost squared (Figs 8F, 11D). [Female unknown.] Etymology The species epithet ‘ napo ’ should be treated as a noun in apposition. The name refers to the province (named after the Río Napo) of the type locality of the new species. Material examined Holotype ECUADOR • ♂; Napo Province, Yasuní National Park, Yasuní Research Station; 00º38′ S, 76º36′ W; Nov. 1998; T. Pape and B. Viklund leg.; NHRS [lost]. Paratypes ECUADOR • 4 ♂♂: same collection data as for holotype; NHRS [lost]. Description Male (n=5) Length: 5–7 mm. Differs from D. phoenix sp. nov. as follows: Frons about 0.28 × head width at level of ocellar triangle; 5–8 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of apex of pedicel; gena and genal groove with slightly yellowish-silver pollinosity (Fig. 8E); first flagellomere approximately 4× as long as pedicel; thorax with slightly yellowish-silver pollinosity (Fig. 8E); acrostichals 3 (weakly differentiated) +1; dorsocentrals 3 (anteriormost shorter) + 3 (well differentiated); intra-alars 2 +2; meral setae 5–7; vein R 1 setulose; third costal sector setulose ventrally; abdomen dark brown, with slightly yellowish-silver pollinosity (Fig. 8E–F); T4 with 1–2 pairs of lateral marginal setae; row of about 10 marginal setae on T5; short incision along inner margin of ST5 and arms with pad-shaped protrusion (Fig. 11A); cercal prongs convergent in posterior view and truncated in lateral view (Fig. 11B–C); pregonite as long as postgonite, apical half curved and with spine-like projection (Fig. 11D); ventral margin of basiphallus with projection (Fig. 11D); vesica stick-like in lateral view and apically enlarged in ventral view (Fig. 11D–E); juxta mostly membranous and almost squared (Fig. 11 D-E); median stylus tube-like with developed projection, shorter than lateral stylus, and with narrow apex (Fig. 11D–E); lateral stylus tube-like, with base twisted towards ventral margin of paraphallus (Fig. 11D–E). Female Unknown. Distribution Ecuador (Napo). Remarks Dexosarcophaga napo sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Dexosarcophaga inaequalis Lopes, 1975. Males of both species have a stick-like vesica in lateral view (Fig. 11D; Silva & Mello-Patiu 2010: figs 53–54) and paraphallus with a projected lobe ventrally (Fig. 11D; Silva & Mello-Patiu 2010: figs 53–54). These two species can be differentiated by the following features: basiphallus with a conspicuous projection at ventral margin (Fig. 11D), projected lobe of paraphallus pointing distally in lateral view (Fig. 11D), and median stylus with a developed projection (Fig. 11D–E) in Dexosarcophaga napo sp. nov., versus basiphallus without a conspicuous projection at ventral margin (Silva & MelloPatiu 2010: fig. 53), projected lobe of paraphallus pointing ventrally in lateral view (Silva & MelloPatiu 2010: figs 53–54), and median stylus without a developed projection (Silva & Mello-Patiu 2010: figs 54–55) in Dexosarcophaga inaequalis., Published as part of Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos, Pape, Thomas & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Eight new species of Dexosarcophaga Townsend, 1917 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from the Neotropical Region, pp. 109-137 in European Journal of Taxonomy 828 on pages 129-131, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1857, http://zenodo.org/record/6823730

Dexosarcophaga limon sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 96DDE888-0828-433C-9E66-71D6F7689605 Figs 3F, 6 Diagnosis Vein R 1 bare. Male: scutellum with a pair of reduced apical setae; vesica with a ventral, sclerotized lobe (Fig. 6D–E); juxta folding around tip of paraphallus and with numerous spine-like processes (Fig. 6D– E). [Female unknown.] Etymology The species epithet ‘ limon ’ should be treated as a noun in apposition. The name refers to the province where the type locality of the new species is located. Material examined Holotype COSTA RICA • ♂; Limón, 15 km S of Siquerres, Las Brisas, Nairi-Barbilla nr Rio Dantas; alt. 300– 500 m; 21–28 Aug.1996; Gustafsson, Pape and Viklund leg.; INBio [lost]. Description Male (n=1) Length: 8 mm. Differs from D. phoenix sp. nov. as follows: Frons about 0.25 × head width at level of ocellar triangle; 10 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of apex of pedicel; first flagellomere approximately 4× as long as pedicel; thorax with slightly yellowish-silver pollinosity (Fig. 3F); intra-alars 2 +2, postpronotals 2; meral setae 5–7; scutellum with pair of reduced apical setae; abdomen dark brown, with golden pollinosity; T5 with row of 12 marginal setae; cercus with pointed apex (Fig. 6B–C); surstylus trapezium-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 6B); pregonite almost straight, 1.5× length of postgonite and with broad base (Fig. 6D); vesica consisting of membranous and sclerotized areas and with ventral dark lobe with 2–3 spines (Fig. 6D–E); juxta equipped with numerous spines (Fig. 6D–E); median stylus with enlarged base and narrow apex, slightly shorter than lateral stylus, base curved towards ventral and dorsal margins of paraphallus and with apical spines (Fig. 6D–E); lateral stylus with base slightly curved towards ventral margin of paraphallus and with apical spines (Fig. 6D–E). Female Unknown. Distribution Costa Rica (Limón). Remarks Dexosarcophaga limon sp. nov. is morphologically similar to D. petra sp. nov. and D. paulistana (Lopes, 1982) by having a vesica with a rounded lobe in lateral view (Figs 6D, 7D; Lopes 1982a: fig. 58). Dexosarcophaga limon sp. nov. and D. petra sp. nov. can be differentiated from D. paulistana by the distally completely rounded vesica (Figs 6D, 7D) and with a digitiform projection distally in D. paulistana (Lopes 1982a: fig. 58). Males of D. limon sp. nov. can be differentiated from those of D. petra sp. nov. by the following features: ST5 with arm-like processes almost parallel-sides in middle part, apically rounded, and almost half as long as sternite (Fig. 6A), cercus almost straight in lateral view (Fig. 6B), and juxta with small spines apically (Fig. 6D–E). In D. petra sp. nov., these features appear as follows: ST5 with arm-like processes gradually tapering, apically pointed and distinctly shorter than half of sternite, and with two small but distinct lobes projecting near the midline (Fig. 7A); apical half of cercus curved anteriorly (Fig. 7B), and juxta with small spines only at base (Fig. 7D–E)., Published as part of Santos, Josenilson Rodrigues dos, Pape, Thomas & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Eight new species of Dexosarcophaga Townsend, 1917 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from the Neotropical Region, pp. 109-137 in European Journal of Taxonomy 828 on page 121, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1857, http://zenodo.org/record/6823730, {"references":["Lopes H. S. 1982 a. Notes on American Sarcophagidae (Diptera) with descriptions of seven new species. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42: 285 - 294."]}

Peckia (Euboettcheria) australis (Townsend, 1927) * Material examined: PIURA – Piura, Castilla, Caserío Miraflores, 32 m (05°10′00.51″S, 80°36′51.27″W), 20.vi.2017, guinea pig carcass, 1 ♂, K. Andrade leg. World distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru (Pape, 1996; Buenaventura & Pape, 2013). Distribution in Peru: Junin (Chanchamayo) (Buenaventura & Pape, 2013). This is a new record for Piura. Remarks: Registered in human corpse (Gaedke & Mouga, 2017)., Published as part of Andrade-Herrera, Kepler Nils & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) attracted to carcasses in Piura, Peru, pp. 1-5 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 3, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.012, http://zenodo.org/record/7176985, {"references":["Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8: 1 - 558.","Buenaventura, E. & Pape, T. 2013. Revision of the New World genus Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zootaxa, 3622 (1): 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3622.1.1.","Gaedke, A. & Mouga, D. 2017. Diptera survey in human corpses in the north of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Acta BiolOgica Catarinense, 4 (1): 42 - 51."]}

Argoravinia rufiventris (Walker, 1849) Material examined: PIURA – Piura, Castilla, Caserío Miraflores, 32 m (05°10′00.51″S, 80°36′51.27″W), 20.vi.2017, guinea pig carcass, 3 ♂, K. Andrade leg. World distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, USA (Pape, 1996). Distribution in Peru: Piura (Townsend, 1912 as Sarcophaga argentea). Remarks: Registered in pig carcasses (Watson & Carlton, 2003; Barros et al., 2008; Rosa et al., 2011; Alves et al., 2014), bear and deer (Watson & Carlton, 2003), and rat (Beuter et al., 2012)., Published as part of Andrade-Herrera, Kepler Nils & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) attracted to carcasses in Piura, Peru, pp. 1-5 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 2, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.012, http://zenodo.org/record/7176985, {"references":["Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8: 1 - 558.","Townsend, C. H. T. 1912. Descriptions of new genera and species of muscoid flies from the Andean and Pacific coast regions of South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43: 301 - 367.","Watson, E. J. & Carlton, C. E. 2003. Spring Succession of Necrophilous Insects on Wildlife Carcasses in Louisiana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 40 (3): 338 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0022 - 2585 - 40.3.338.","Barros, R. M. de; Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Pujol-Luz, J. R. 2008. Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) associados a decomposicao de carcacas de Sus scrofa Linnaeus (Suidae) em area de Cerrado do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 52 (4): 606 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262008000400011.","Rosa, T. A.; Babata, M. L. Y.; Souza, C. M. de; Sousa, D. de; Mello-Patiu, C. A., Vazde-Mello, F. Z. & Mendes, J. 2011. Arthropods associated with pig carrion in two vegetation profiles of Cerrado in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55 (3): 424 - 434.","Alves, C.; Santos, W. & Creao-Duarte, A. 2014. Diptera (Insecta) deimportancia forense da regiao Neotropical. Entomotropica, 29 (2): 77 - 94.","Beuter, L.; Fernandes, P. A.; Barros, P. B.; Souza, C. R. de & Mendes, J. 2012. Insetos de potencial importancia forense e na saude publica em regiao urbana de Minas Gerais: frequencia relativa e variacao sazonal de fauna atraida e criada em carcacas de roedores. Revista de Patologia Tropical, 41 (4): 480 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.5216 / rpt. v 41 i 4.21711."]}

Oxysarcodexia grandis (Lopes, 1946) * Material examined: PIURA – Huancabamba, Huancabamba, Quispampa bajo, 2,088 m (05°15′15.5″S, 79°27′02.6″W), 27.vii.2019, dog carcass, 1 ♂, K. Andrade & R. García leg. World distribution: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru (Pape, 1996). Distribution in Peru: Cajamarca (San Miguel), Junin (Lopes, 1975; Lopes & Tibana, 1987). This is a new record for Piura. Remarks: Not registered previously in mammal carcasses, but on chicken viscera (Yepes-Gaurisas et al., 2013)., Published as part of Andrade-Herrera, Kepler Nils & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) attracted to carcasses in Piura, Peru, pp. 1-5 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 3, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.012, http://zenodo.org/record/7176985, {"references":["Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8: 1 - 558.","Lopes, H. D. S. 1975. Some new Sarcophagid from Peru (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 34 (4): 573 - 580.","Lopes, H. D. S. & Tibana, R. 1987. On Oxysarcodexia (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) with descriptions of five new species, key, list and geographic distribution of the species. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 47 (3): 329 - 347.","Yepes-Gaurisas, D.; Sanchez-Rodriguez, J. D.; Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Wolff, M. E. 2013. Synanthropy of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in La Pintada, Antioquia- Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 61 (3): 1275 - 1287."]}

Oxysarcodexia conclausa (Walker, 1861) * Material examined: PIURA – Huancabamba, Huancabamba, Quispampa bajo, 2,088 m (05°15′15.5″S, 79°27′02.6″W), 27.vii.2019, dog carcass, 2 ♂, K. Andrade & R. García leg. World distribution: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad & Tobago, USA (Pape, 1996). Distribution in Peru: Tacna (cam. Pachia) (Lopes & Tibana, 1982).This is a new record for Piura. Remarks: Registered in snake carcass (Andrade-Herrera et al., 2020), and decomposing fish (Valverde-Castro et al., 2017)., Published as part of Andrade-Herrera, Kepler Nils & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) attracted to carcasses in Piura, Peru, pp. 1-5 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 3, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.012, http://zenodo.org/record/7176985, {"references":["Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8: 1 - 558.","Lopes, H. D. S. & Tibana, R. 1982. Sarcophagid flies of Tarapaca, north of Chile (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 42 (1): 135 - 145.","Andrade-Herrera, K. N.; Mello-Patiu, C. A.; Nunez-Vazquez, C. & Estrella, E. 2020. Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Attracted to a Snake Carcass (Boa constrictor) in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 57 (6): 2011 - 2015. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjaa 115.","Valverde-Castro, C.; Buenaventura, E.; Sanchez-Rodriguez, J. D. & Wolff, M. 2017. Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) from the Colombian Guajirabiogeographicprovince, anapproachtotheirecologyanddistribution. Zoologia, 34 (e 12277): 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 34. e 12277."]}

Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner, 1868) * Material examined: PIURA – Huancabamba, Huancabamba, Quispampa bajo, 2,088 m (05°15′15.5″S, 79°27′02.6″W), 27.vii.2019, dog carcass, 2 ♂, K. Andrade & R. García leg. World distribution: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru (Lopes & Tibana, 1987; Pape, 1996; Pape et al., 2004). Distribution in Peru: Junin, Huanuco (Tingo Maria) (Lopes & Tibana, 1987). This is a new record for Piura. Remarks: Registered in pig carcasses (Barbosa et al., 2009; Bitar et al., 2013; Lopes et al., 2018), dog (Toma et al., 2020), and snake (Andrade-Herrera et al., 2020)., Published as part of Andrade-Herrera, Kepler Nils & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes de, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) attracted to carcasses in Piura, Peru, pp. 1-5 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 2, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.012, http://zenodo.org/record/7176985, {"references":["Lopes, H. D. S. & Tibana, R. 1987. On Oxysarcodexia (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) with descriptions of five new species, key, list and geographic distribution of the species. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 47 (3): 329 - 347.","Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8: 1 - 558.","Pape, T.; Wolff, M. & Amat, E. C. 2004. Los califoridos, estridos, rinoforidos y sarcofagidos (Diptera: Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Rhinophoridae, Sarcophagidae) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 5 (2): 201 - 208.","Barbosa, R. R.; Mello-Patiu, C. A.; Mello, R. P. de & Queiroz, M. M. de C. 2009. New records of calyptrate dipterans (Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) associated with the decomposition of domestic pigs in Brazil. MemOrias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 104 (6): 923 - 926.","Bitar, P. D. R.; Rodrigues, T. F. S. & Geiser, G. C. 2013. Ocorrencia da familia Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) em carcacas de Sus scrofa Linnaeus (Suidae) em Belem-PA: colonizacao da carcaca e sua relacao com o tempo de morte do animal. Revista Brasileira de Criminalistica, 2 (1): 24 - 31.","Lopes, H. D. S.; Oliveira, F. F. de; Mello-Patiu, C. A., Pamponet, F. M. & The, T. S. 2018. Especies de Oxysarcodexia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associadas a carcacas de suinos (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) expostas em um fragmento de Mata Atlantica no municipio de Salvador, Bahia. EntomoBrasilis, 11 (2): 103 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.12741 / ebrasilis. v 11 i 2.779.","Toma, R.; Koller, W. W.; Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Mello, R. L. 2020. New records of Sarcophagidae (Insecta: Diptera) collected in Cerrado fragments in the municipalityofCampoGrande, MatoGrossodoSulstate, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis, 13 (e 0873): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.12741 / ebrasilis. v 13. e 0873.","Andrade-Herrera, K. N.; Mello-Patiu, C. A.; Nunez-Vazquez, C. & Estrella, E. 2020. Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Attracted to a Snake Carcass (Boa constrictor) in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 57 (6): 2011 - 2015. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjaa 115."]}

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai (Lopes, 1976) (Figure 3) Cucullomyia alvarengai Lopes, 1976b:752. Type locality: Brazil, Roraima, Surumu. Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) alvarengai; Pape 1996: 431. (catalogue). Type-material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: BRAZIL, Roraima, Surumu, ix.1966, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish hair-like setulae; vesica with a proximal membranous portion as a low and short projection with a bilobed end in profile and sclerotised portion with squamose ornamentation (Figure 3 (e)); juxta with narrower distal portion, in lateral view (Figure 3 (e)); median stylus long with base broad and bilobed, and without apical spines; lateral styli with base slightly wider than the apex, with spines in the apical half (Figure 3 (d,e)). Redescription. MALE (n = 1). Body length = 10.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.65 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.23 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 6–7 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical setae and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle dark brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity at the top and silver at the bottom, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.84 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 2.5x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 2/3; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, dorsocentrals 3 (poorly differentiated) + 4 (2 anteriormost poorly differentiated, 2 posteriormost well developed), intra-alars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part, pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 8–9; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 1/2 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowish-brown; mid femur with a row of 3 − 4 median anterior setae, 3 median anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 8 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 2 median posterodorsal setae; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in the proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, additionally 1 basal and 1 median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown, except T4− T5 reddish brown, with golden pruinosity on lateral and dorsal spots; T1 + 2− T4 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae wavy apex on the ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12); ST2-4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms, longer setae at base and at arm apex (Figure 3 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown, syntergosternite 7 + 8, epandrium and surstylus yellowish brown; epandrium with a pair of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short and clavate, with a slight swelling of the posterior margin and apical setae (Figure 3 (b)); cercal prongs narrow and parallel in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 3 (b)); pregonite long and broad, with spatulate apex (Figure 3 (c)); postgonite 0.5x the pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 3 (c)); basiphallus about 4x paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 3 (c)); vesica with a proximal membranous portion as a low and short projection with a bilobed end in profile and sclerotised portion with squamose ornamentation (Figure 3 (e)); juxta as two lobes, with narrower distal portion, in lateral view (Figure 3 (e)); median stylus long with broad base and bilobed, and without apical spines; lateral styli with base slightly wider than the apex, with spines in the distal half (Figure 3 (d,e)). FEMALE. Described and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Neotropical). Brazil (Roraima). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) alvarengai closely resembles T. (C.) pedunculata in the shape of vesica, pregonite and surstylus (Figures 1 (b,c,e), 3(b,c,e)), as detailed under T. (C.) pedunculata. This species differs from other congeneric species mainly by the unique shape and ornamentation of the vesica and the shape of the juxtal lobes (Figure 3 (e))., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 323-325, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558."]}

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) pedunculata (Hall, 1931) (Figure 1) Sarcophaga pedunculata Hall, 1931: 284. Type locality: USA, Texas, Victoria. Cucullomyia pedunculata: Lopes 1969: 47. (catalogue); Lopes 1976b: 747. (key, redescription of male) Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) pedunculata: Pape 1996: 432. (catalogue). Type-material examined. PARATYPES. 2 ♂: USA, Texas, Victoria, 23.iv.1946, R. A. Roberts leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish hair-like setulae; vesica with a proximal membranous portion forming a high and wide projection with a conspicuous pointed tip in profile and distal margin forming an outward-facing flap (Figure 1 (c–e)); juxta ovoid, in lateral view (Figure 1 (e)); median stylus with broad base, serrated internal margins and spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)); lateral styli curved and convergent, with spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)). Redescription. MALE (n = 2). Body length = 10.0–12.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.45 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.30 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 6–8 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle dark brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.81 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 3.0x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 2/3; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, pre-sutural dorsocentrals poorly differentiated, except two setae close to head and one near suture; post-sutural dorsocentrals 4 (posteriormost 2 well developed), intraalars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3, almost in a straight line; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part, pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 7–8; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 1/2 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowishbrown; mid femur with a row of 3 − 4 median anterior setae, a row of anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 9 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 1 median posterodorsal seta; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, and a median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown with yellowish grey pruinosity on T1 + 2− T3; T4− T5 reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity; T1 + 2− T4 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae with wavy apex on ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12); ST2 − 4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms, longer setae at base and at arm apex (Figure 1 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown; syntergosternite 7 + 8 with yellowish pruinosity and sparse setulae; epandrium with yellowish pruinosity and a pair of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short and clavate, with some longer apical setae (Figure 1 (b)); cercal prongs narrow and parallel in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 1 (b)); pregonite long, distal half bent at almost 90° and with spatulate apex (Figure 1 (c)); postgonite as long as pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 1 (c)); basiphallus about 3x the paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 1 (c)); vesica with proximal membranous portion forming a high and wide projection with a conspicuous pointed end in profile and distal margin forming an outwardfacing flap (Figure 1 (c–e)); juxta ovoid, in lateral view (Figure 1 (e)); median stylus with broad base, serrated internal margins and spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)); lateral styli curved and convergent, with spinous apex (Figure 1 (c,d)). FEMALE. Redescribed and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Nearctic). Mexico (Baja California North), USA (Texas). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) pedunculata closely resembles T. (C.) alvarengai, as both have a vesica with only the proximal membranous projection and without distal projections (Figures 1 (e), 3(e)) besides similarities in the shape of pregonite and surstylus shape (Figures 1 (b,c), 3(b,c)). This species differs from other congeneric species mainly by having the ST5 more widely open (Figure 1 (a)) and by the unique shape of the basal projection of the vesica (Figure 1 (e))., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 317-321, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Hall DG. 1931. New Texas Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Entomol News. 42: 280 - 286.","Lopes HS. 1969. Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero N, editor. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Sao Paulo: Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura; p. 88.","Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558."]}

Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida (Lopes, 1935) (Figures 4, 7 (c), 9(a–c)) Sarcophaga larvicida Lopes, 1935b: 470. Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; Cucullomyia larvicida; Lopes 1969: 47 (catalogue, new combination); Lopes 1976b: 749 (key, redescription); Linhares 1981: 197 (synantropy); Carvalho and Linhares 2001: 606 (list, forensic); Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida; Pape 1996: 432 (catalogue, new combination); Barros et al. 2008: 607 (list, forensic); Carvalho and Mello-Patiu 2008: 402 (key, forensic); Moretti et al. 2008: 693 (list, forensic); Barbosa et al. 2009: 924 (list, forensic); Rosa et al. 2011:427 (list, forensic); Alves et al. 2014: 82 (list, forensic); Mello-Patiu et al. 2014: 143 (list, forensic); Barbosa et al. 2015: 113 (list, forensic); Sousa et al. 2015: 6 (list, distribution, forensic); Sousa et al. 2016: 9 (forensic, community ecology); Barbosa et al. 2017: 463 (list, diversity), Buenaventura and Pape 2018: 844 (morphological phylogeny); Carvalho-Filho et al. 2018: 401 (list, diversity); Faria et al. 2018: 187 (list, forensic), Barbosa et al. 2020: 92 (list, distribution). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico, x.1935, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. PARATYPES 2 ♂: same data as holotype (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: BRAZIL, Parayba do Norte [estado da Paraíba], Santa Luzia, Fazenda Fechado, v.1935, R. V. Ihering leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Additional examined material. BRAZIL − 3 ♂: Pernambuco, Buíque, ix.2015, T.M. Barbosa & R.F. R Carmo leg. (CE-UFPE); 3 ♂: Paraíba, Boqueirão, ii. 2017, T.M. Barbosa & R.F. R Carmo leg. (CE-UFPE); 1 ♂: Minas Gerais, Cambuquira, ii.1942, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú, 28.v.1939, H.S. Lopes leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, 12.xi.1993, C.A. Mello-Patiu leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; 1 ♂: Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, 18.iii.1993, C.A. Mello-Patiu leg. (MNRJ) [lost]; BRAZIL – 1 ♂: Mato Grosso do Sul, Porto Murtinho, 11–26.xii.2012, Nihei, S. leg. (MNRJ) [lost]. Diagnosis. Scutellum with a lateral patch of whitish or yellowish hair-like setulae; vesica as long as wide, with a single sclerotised and pointed proximal projection at the base and a rounded distal portion with spinose ornamentation (Figure 4 (d,e)); juxta ovoid, roughly similar in thickness along the entire length, in lateral view, and with a small sclerotised area, in the ventral view (Figure 4 (c–e)); median style slightly larger than the lateral ones with a spinous apex (Figure 4 (d,e)); lateral styli robust, with spinous apical half (Figure 4 (d,e)). Redescription. MALE (n = 14). Body length = 6.5–10.0 mm. Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plates with golden pruinosity; fronto-orbital plate with sparse setulae; parafacial plate with row of setulae close to eye and measuring about 0.52 of distance between vibrissae; frons about 0.35 head width at level of ocellar triangle; frontal vitta entirely blackish with some golden pruinosity around the ocellar triangle; rows of frontal setae parallel except anteriormost 2 slightly divergent, 5–7 well-developed frontal setae reaching level of base of pedicel, the uppermost one shorter than the others; reclinate orbital seta present, proclinate orbital setae absent; outer vertical setae 0.5x inner vertical setae and divergent; ocellar setae as developed as upper frontals; ocellar triangle blackish brown; postocellar and paravertical setae present; postocular area with golden pruinosity; gena with golden pruinosity in upper portion and grey pruinosity on the bottom, black setae in anterior part and whitish setae close to occiput; postgena with silvery pruinosity and numerous whitish setae; face with silvery pruinosity; facial ridge black with silvery pruinosity, with short setulae in lower half; antenna dark brown, total length 0.74 of distance from insertion to vibrissal level, first flagellomere brown with grey pruinosity and approximately 2.5x longer than pedicel; arista long plumose on basal 3/4; palpus blackish. Thorax. Black with silvery-grey pruinosity, postpronotum, notopleuron, anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum with slightly yellowish pruinosity; chaetotaxy: acrostichals 0 + 1, dorsocentrals 3 − 5 poorly differentiated setae (except one setae close to the head and one near suture) + 4 − 5 (2–3 short setae and 2 posteriormost well developed), intra-alars 1 + 2, supra-alars 2 + 3, postpronotals 3, notopleurals 4; katepisternals 3, almost in a straight line; postalar wall setulose; postalar callus with 2 setae; scutellum with a patch of whitish or yellowish hair-like setulae on lateral margin and reaching ventral part (Figure 7 (c)),pairs of basal, lateral and subapical setae (lateral pair shorter), a pair of preapical discal setae, and no apical setae; meral setae 7–9; proepisternum bare; prosternum setulose. Wing. Hyaline, with dark brown veins; tegula dark brown; basicosta yellowish; vein R1 bare; vein R4+5 with setulae dorsally on 3/4 of distance to crossvein r-m; cell r4+5 open at wing margin; third costal sector bare ventrally. Legs. Blackish-brown with silvery pruinosity, pulvilli yellowish-brown; mid femur with a row of 4 − 6 median anterior setae, 4 median anteroventral setae, 2 preapical posterior setae, 1 − 2 median setae and a ctenidium of 9 spiniform setae on posteroventral surface; mid tibia with 2 median anterodorsal, 1 basal and 1 median posterior setae, and 1 median posterodorsal seta; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae, a row of anterior setae in the proximal half, 1 apical dorsal and 1 apical posterodorsal seta, and rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterior seta, 1 basal, 1 median and 1 apical seta in the same position on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces, and a median anterodorsal seta; hind coxa and trochanter with normal setae. Abdomen. Dark brown with yellowish grey pruinosity on T1 + 2− T3; T4− T5 reddish brown with yellowish pruinosity; T1 + 2− T3 with lateral marginal setae; T3− T5 with a set of long setae wavy apex on ventral surface, more numerous on T5; T4 with a pair of median marginal setae; T5 with a complete row of marginal setae (ca. 12 − 16); ST2 − 4 rectangular with long setae in distal half; ST5 deeply cleft with short base, long and narrow arms covered with fine setae in the basal portion and spine-like setae in the distal half (Figure 4 (a)). Terminalia. Reddish brown; syntergosternite 7 + 8 with yellowish pruinosity and sparse setulae; epandrium with slightly yellowish pruinosity, sparse setulae and 1 − 2 pairs of developed dorsal setae; surstylus short, narrow, and clavate, with some few apical setae (Figure 4 (b)); cercal prongs narrow, slightly apart in the middle region in posterior view, with distal end slightly enlarged and rounded in profile (Figure 4 (b)); pregonite long and curved, with enlarged and spatulate apex (Figure 4 (c)); postgonite about 0.5x pregonite, with a long median setae and small setulae (Figure 4 (c)); basiphallus about 3x the paraphallus length, paraphallus with 2 dorsal keels (Figure 4 (c,e)); vesica as long as wide, with a single, sclerotised and pointed proximal projection at the base and a rounded and spinous distal portion (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(c)); juxta as two ovoid lobes, each one roughly similar in thickness along the entire length, in lateral view, and with a small sclerotised area, in the ventral view (Figures 4 (c,e), 9(a)); median style slightly longer than the lateral ones, with a spinous apex (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(b)); lateral styli robust, with spinous distal half (Figures 4 (d,e), 9(b)). FEMALE. Described in Lopes (1935), redescribed and illustrated in Lopes (1976). Distribution (Neotropical). Brazil (Ceará, Espírito Santo, Federal District, Maranhão, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul *, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo). Comments. Titanogrypa (C.) larvicida closely resembles T. (C.) alvarengai , T. (C.) albuquerquei and T. (C.) pedunculata, all of which have a vesica with an unpaired projection at the base (Figure 4 (e)). However, the projection is sclerotised in T. (C.) larvicida whereas it is membranous in the other species. This species also differs from the other congeneric species by having a vesica with the distal lobes conspicuously ornamented with spines (Figure 4 (d,e)). Additionally, in the present study T. (C.) larvicida had its geographic distribution updated for the Brazilian territory. From the examined material, field data and literature records, the presence of this species was confirmed for the Brazilian states of the Midwest, North, Northeast and Southeast regions. Finally, we highlight the presence of T. (C.) larvicida in the Caatinga domain, a type of dry and open forest exclusive in the northeastern Brazil, where this species was attracted by three types of bait: rotten bovine spleen, decomposing fish and fresh human faeces., Published as part of Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A. & Vasconcelos, Simão D., 2021, Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters, pp. 305-340 in Journal of Natural History 55 (5 - 6) on pages 327-329, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, http://zenodo.org/record/5473916, {"references":["Lopes HS. 1935 b. Sobre duas especies de Sarcophaga cujas larvas sao predatoras (Dipt. Sarcophagidae). Rev Entomol. 5: 470 - 478.","Lopes HS. 1969. Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero N, editor. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Sao Paulo: Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura; p. 88.","Lopes HS. 1976 b. On the genus Cucullomyia Roback (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Rev Bras Biol. 36: 745 - 757.","Linhares AX. 1981. Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 25: 189 - 215.","Carvalho LML, Linhares AX. 2001. Seasonality of insect successions and pig carcass decomposition on a natural forest area in Southeastern Brazil. J Forensic Sci. 46: 604 - 608.","Pape T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int. 8: 1 - 558.","Barros RM, Mello-Patiu CA, Pujol-Luz JR. 2008. Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) associados a decomposicao de carcacas de Sus scrofa Linnaeus (Suidae) em area de cerrado do Distrito Federal, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 52: 606 - 609. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262008000400011.","Carvalho CJB, Mello-Patiu CA. 2008. Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America. Rev Bras Entomol. 52: 390 - 406. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262008000300012.","Moretti TC, Ribeiro OB, Thyssen PJ, Solis DR. 2008. Insects on decomposing carcasses of small rodents in a secondary forest in Southeastern Brazil. Europ J Entomol. 105: 691 - 696. doi: 10.14411 / eje. 2008.094.","Barbosa RR, Mello-Patiu CA, Mello RP, Queiroz MMC. 2009. New records of calyptrate dipterans (Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) associated with the decomposition of domestic pigs in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 104: 923 - 926. doi: 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02762009000600018.","Rosa TA, Babata MLY, Souza CM, Sousa D, Mello-Patiu CA, Vaz-de-melo FZ, Mendes J. 2011. Arthropods associated with pig carrion in two vegetation profiles of Cerrado in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol. 55: 424 - 434. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000045.","Alves ACF, Santos WE, Creao-Duarte AJ. 2014. Diptera (Insecta) de importancia forense da regiao Neotropical. Entomotropica. 29: 77 - 94.","Mello-Patiu CA, Paseto ML, Faria LS, Mendes J, Linhares AX. 2014. Sarcophagid flies (Insecta, Diptera) from pig carcasses in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with nine new records from the Cerrado, a threatened neotropical biome. Rev Bras Entomol. 58: 142 - 146. doi: 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000200005.","Barbosa TM, Mello-Patiu CA, Vasconcelos SD. 2015. Flesh fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) survey on coastal environments in Northeastern Brazil: new records and notes on the expanded geographical distribution. Entomotropica. 30: 112 - 117.","Sousa JRP, Carvalho-Filho FS, Esposito MC. 2015. Distribution and abundance of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae) in Maranhao, northeastern Brazil. J Insect Sci. 15: 70 - 79. doi: 10.1093 / jisesa / iev 054.","Sousa JRP, Carvalho-Filho FS, Juen L, Esposito MC. 2016. Evaluating the effects of different vegetation types on necrophagous fly communities (Diptera: Calliphoridae; Sarcophagidae): implications for conservation. PLoS One. 11: 1 - 23.","Barbosa TM, Carmo RFR, Silva LP, Sales RG, Vasconcelos SD. 2017. Diversity of sarcosaprophagous calyptratae (Diptera) on sandy beaches exposed to increasing levels of urbanization in Brazil. Environ Entomol. 46: 460 - 469. doi: 10.1093 / ee / nvx 059.","Buenaventura E, Pape T. 2018. Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zool J Linnean Soc. 183: 808 - 906. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 070.","Carvalho-Filho FS, Gorayeb IS, Soares JMM, Souza MT. 2018. Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from a white-sand habitat in the Brazilian Amazon, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa. 4504: 401 - 417. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4504.3.6.","Faria LS, Paseto ML, Couri MS, Mello-Patiu CA, Mendes J. 2018. Insects associated with pig carrion in two environments of the Brazilian savanna. Neotrop Entomol. 47: 181 - 198. doi: 10.1007 / s 13744 - 017 - 0518 - y.","Barbosa TM, Mello-Patiu CA, Vasconcelos SD. 2020. First record of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) species in seasonally dry tropical forests (Caatinga), with notes on their attractiveness to decomposing substrates. Entomol News. 129: 89 - 97. doi: 10.3157 / 021.129.0114."]}

Barbosa, Taciano M., Mello-Patiu, Cátia A., Vasconcelos, Simão D. (2021): Revision of the New World subgenus Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with a reassessment of diagnostic characters. Journal of Natural History 55 (5-6): 305-340, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1902587

Nephochaetopteryx affinis Lopes (Fig. 1) Nephochaetopteryx affinis Lopes, 1936: 88 (description of male). Type locality: Brazil, S„o Paulo, Birigui. Other references: Dodge (1968a: 281; key); Lopes (1969: 28; catalog); Pape (1996: 259; catalog); Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001: 304; description of female). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MNRJ): Holotypus [printed on rectangular red label] // São Paulo / Birigui / 559 [handwritten on rectangular white label] // Nephochaetopte / ryx affinis/ Lopes / V. 9. 36 / Det. H.S. Lopes [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // MNRJ / 2194 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label]. [Holotype lacking all legs and abdomen; terminalia (including sternite 5) and some tergites in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen.] Redescription. Male (holotype). Length = 6.5 mm [obtained from Lopes (1936)]. Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta black with upper half reddish-brown. Five frontal setae. Palpus black. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+3; supra-alars 1+3; anepisternals 4; merals 5. Mid femur with two median setae and without a differentiated posteroventral seta. Ctenidium consisting of four spines. Wing hyaline, with a faded dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. [Abdomen. The only specimen examined, the holotype, is lacking its abdomen.] Terminalia. Sternite 5 with a deep cleft, nearly reaching middle of sternite; lobe rounded and with a tuft of short setulae; arm short, tapering distally (Fig. 1E). Cercus elongate and arched in lateral view, with a rectangular apex (Fig. 1A). Cercal prongs widely separated, with divergent tips (Fig. 1B). Cercus with small spines on distal portion and setulae restricted to a narrow strip in proximal region (Fig. 1A). Surstylus almost triangular, with rounded apex, with setae at apex and anterior margin and without setulae on apex and along posterior margin (Fig. 1A). Pregonite shorter than postgonite, with pointed apex and with distal half perpendicular to base; posterior margin with small pointed setae (Fig. 1C). Postgonite hook-like, slightly curved anteriorly, with a thick seta on anterior margin (Fig. 1D). Basiphallus short, longer than wide, about half as long as distiphallus (Fig. 1F). Distiphallus with dorsal margin angled and apical margin rounded (Fig. 1F). Ventral margin of distiphallus sinuous, with a small, twisted projection (Fig. 1F). Vesica elongate, about the same length as distiphallus, gently arched, with distal portion widened (Fig. 1F). Inner process of vesica rectangular in lateral view (Fig. 1F). Median and lateral styli very long and slender, of about the same width as widest portion of lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted medially on distiphallus (Fig. 1F). Female. Terminalia as described by Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001, figs 1–2, 29). Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, S„o Paulo). Remarks. Nephochaetopteryx affinis, N. cyaneiventris, N. orbitalis, N. subaurata, N. psittacocercus sp. nov. and N. coendu sp. nov are the only species with cercus bearing spines. However, Nephochaetopteryx affinis differs from these species by the shape of the cerci, with the prongs widely separated in dorsal view., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 9-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1936) Sarcophagideos neotropicas novos ou pouco conhecidos (Dipt.). Archivos do Instituo de Biologia Vegetal, 3, 71 - 90.","Dodge, H. R. (1968 a) Nine new Nephochaetopteryx from Brazil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 277 - 287.","Lopes, H. S. (1969) Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Vol. 103. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, S \" o Paulo, pp. 1 - 88.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558.","Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Santos, J. M. (2001) Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934: descriptions and comparative morphological notes on the female terminalia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Studia Dipterologica, 8, 303 - 315."]}

Nephochaetopteryx utinguensis Tibana & Hime (Fig. 36) Nephochaetopteryx utinguensis Tibana & Hime, 1985: 342–345 (descriptions of male, female and first instar larva). Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Belém. Other references: Pape (1996: 262; catalog); Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001: 312; redescription of female). Material examined. Brazil. Acre: Rio Branco, 25.X–8.XI.1991, suspended trap at a height of 1.6 meters, leg. F. Ramos, A. Henriques, I. Gorayeb & N. Bittencourt (1 ♁, MPEG). Amazonas: Balawa-u [= Barcelos], 01°48’25’’N 63°47’04’’W, 14.IX.1995, Malaise trap, leg. L.S. Aquino (1 ♁, INPA); Mamirauá, várzea [= seasonal floodplain for- est], 3°02’54.4’’S 64°51’02.1’’W, 19–21.IX.1997, Malaise trap, leg. I.S. Gorayeb & O. T. Silveira (4 ♁♁, MPEG); same data but 25–28.IX.1993 (2 ♁♁, MPEG); Marão, Rio Japurá, Ilha Jaraqui [= Jaraqui Island], 25.X.1988, leg. J. Dias (1 ♁, MPEG). Maranhão: Ribamar Fiquene, Rio Tocantins [= Tocantins River], 05°56’29’’S 47°25’27’’W, 13.XII.2001, suspended trap, leg. J.A. Rafael, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 ♁, INPA). Pará: Belém, [State Park of] Utinga, VIII.1969, leg. H.S. Lopes (1 ♁, MNRJ); same data but APEG (1 ♁, MNRJ); Bragança, Mata do Lobão, 14–15.VIII.2008, butterfly trap baited with banana, leg. R. C.O. Santos (4 ♁♁, MPEG). Rio de Janeiro: Imbaré, X.1967, leg. H. Ebert (1 ♁, MNRJ). Roraima: Vilhena, Polonoroeste, 17.XII.1986, leg. C. Elias (1 ♁, DZUP). Redescription. Male. Length = 4.5–5.0 mm (n = 14). Head. Fronto-orbital, parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta black. Six frontal setae. Palpus yellow. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 1+3, notopleurals 1 subprimary; anepisternals 5; merals 5. Ctenidium consisting of four spines. Mid femur with two median setae and with a differentiated posteroventral seta. Wing hyaline; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of grayish microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 2 and 3 orange with a median brown strip and sternite 4 brown, with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, with long and short slender setae; cleft shallow, not passing the anterior margin of lobe; lobe rounded and with a tuft of short setulae; arms divergents, wider than long, with rounded apex (Fig. 36E). Cercus elongate, slightly curved dorsally in lateral view, without setulae on inner lateral margin and with long setae restricted to basal half (Fig. 36A). Cercal prongs separated with convergent tips in dorsal view (Fig. 36B). Surstylus almost triangular, with rounded apex, with setulae restricted to a wide cluster in basal half (Fig. 36A). Pregonite with wide base and distal half perpendicular to base, with anterior margin with granulations and with grooves, posterior margin with a row of setae (Fig. 36C). Postgonite shorter than pregonite with pointed apex curved anteriorly, with a long seta and small pointed setae on anterior margin (Fig. 36D). Basiphallus as long as distiphallus, curved dorsally (Fig. 36F). Distiphallus with dorsal margin convex, with ventral margin bearing two pointed projections (Fig. 36F). Vesica strongly angled in lateral view, with a prominent triangular projection in basal half with curved tip covered with microtrichia (Fig. 36F). Inner process of vesica longer than wide in lateral view (Fig. 36F). Lateral and median styli small, of about one-fourth width as the widest lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted at the level of vesica base (Fig. 36F). Female. Terminalia as described by Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001, figs 27–28, 42). Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Maranh„o, Pará, Rio de Janeiro). Remarks. The holotype and six paratypes deposited in MNRJ were not examined because we had access to many non-type specimens with the diagnostic features of N. utinguensis, including some from the type locality. This species is similar to N. marianae, from which it differs by the features mentioned in the remarks under that species. It is newly recorded for the Brazilian states of Acre, Amazonas, Maranh„o and Roraima., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 77-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Tibana, R. & Hime, N. C. (1985) Redescric \" o de Nephochaetopteryx pallidiventris Townsend, 1934 e descric \" o de N. utinguensis, sp. n. (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 44, 339 - 345.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558.","Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Santos, J. M. (2001) Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934: descriptions and comparative morphological notes on the female terminalia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Studia Dipterologica, 8, 303 - 315.","Lopes, H. S. (1976) Some new or little-known neotropical Sarcophagidae (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 35, 155 - 164.","Lopes, H. S. (1938) Sobre quatro novas especies de Sarcophagideos do Brasil (Dipt.). In: Livro Jubilar do Prof. Travassos. Ex- Libris, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 279 - 295, 2 pls.","Lopes, H. S. (1936) Sarcophagideos neotropicas novos ou pouco conhecidos (Dipt.). Archivos do Instituo de Biologia Vegetal, 3, 71 - 90.","Townsend, C. H. T. (1934) New Neotropical oestromuscoid flies. Revista de Entomologia, 4, 201 - 212."]}

Nephochaetopteryx panamensis Hime (see Hime 1985, figs 1–9) Nephochaetopteryx panamensis Hime, 1985: 627 (description of male). Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island. Other references: Pape (1996: 261; catalog). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MNRJ): Barro Colo Isld. / Canal Zone / II–18–1929 [printed and hand- written on rectangular white label] // Collector / C.H. Curran [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // TYPUS [printed on rectangular red label] // Nephochaetopte / ryx panamen / sis n.sp. ♁ [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label]. [Holotype in good condition, lacking left mid leg; left wing broken and abdomen without sternite 5 and rest of terminalia; a microvial pinned beneath the specimen contains only a wing.] Redescription. Male. Length = 5.5 mm (n = 1). Head. Fronto-orbital, parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with silvery microtomentum. Frontal vitta black, with basal half reddish brown. Six frontal setae. Palpus brown. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 3+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 2+3, notopleurals 2 subprimaries, anepisternals 5; merals 5. Ctenidium consisting of three spines. Wing hyaline, with dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of golden microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 1 to 4 yellow with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia [the description of terminalia is based on the illustrations provided by Hime (1985)]. Sternite 5 with a very deep cleft, nearly reaching middle of sternite; lobe rounded with pointed projection in the outer lateral margin; arms divergents and narrowed, with rounded apex. Cercus short (shorter than epandrium), with apex slightly curved dorsally and with a dorsal projection in lateral view. Cercal prongs with convergent tip in dorsal view. Surstylus elliptic. Pregonite longer than wide, with widened base and tapering distally. Postgonite triangular with a long seta on anterior margin. Basiphallus about half of the length distiphallus, with basal half curved dorsally. Distiphallus elongate and almost straight, with two pointed projections on ventral margin. Vesica strongly angled in lateral view. Lateral and median styli short. Female. Unknown. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Panama (Panama). Remarks. This species differs from the others in the genus in having ventral margin of distiphallus with two pointed projections. Nephochaetopteryx panamensis is similar to N. lamasi sp. nov. in the shape of sternite 5 and in having cercus with a prominent apical dorsal protuberance. This species is known only from the holotype male, whose terminalia are missing., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Hime, N. C. (1985) Contribuic \" o ao estudo do genero Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934, com descric \" o de N. panamensis n. sp. (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 45, 627 - 629.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558."]}

Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934: 203. Type species: Nephochaetopteryx pallidiventris Townsend, 1934, by original designation. Sarcohelicobia Blanchard, 1939: 795. Type species: Sarcohelicobia elegans Blanchard, 1939, by original designation. Generic diagnosis. In order to avoid repetition in the species descriptions, we here present those features found in all the known Nephochaetopteryx species (males and females). Head. Gena and postgena with black setulae. Parafacial plate with very short, fine setae along lower anterior eye margin. One or two proclinate fronto-orbital setae (also in males). Two orbital setae. Inner vertical setae parallel and outer vertical setae divergent, differentiated from post-oculars. Occiput with black setulae. Scape and pedicel brown, first flagellomere gray, arista plumose in basal half. Thorax. Brown with gold-gray microtomentum; scutum with three black longitudinal stripes; scutellum with a median black spot on anterior margin. Chaetotaxy: acrostichals = 0+1 (fine); postpronotals = 3; notopleurals = 2 with 1 to 2 subprimary notopleurals; postalars = 2; proepisternals = 2; proepimerals = 1; katepisternals = 3. Postallar wall and metasternum setulose. Scutellum with 1 pair of basal setae, 1 pair of lateral setae, 1 pair of apical setae and no discal setae. Legs. Brown. Fore femur with rows of anterodorsal and anteroventral setae. Fore tibia with one anteroventral seta in distal half and two posterodorsal setae in proximal half. Mid femur with two or three setae on anterior surface, rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae on proximal half, and two apical setae on posterior surface. Mid femur of male with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section) on posteroventral surface. Mid tibia with two posterodorsal setae on distal half. Hind coxa with stout setae on posterior surface. Hind femur with two apical setae on posterior surface and rows of anterodorsal and anteroventral setae, first anteroventral seta about two times the length of the other setae. Hind tibia with two anterodorsal and two posterodorsal setae. Apical setae present on all tibiae. Wing. Vein R 1 entirely setulose dorsally. Third costal section bare on ventral surface. Wing hyaline or fumose between apical part of vein R 2+3 and costal vein. Cell r 4+5 open. Tegula blackish. Basicosta white. Male terminalia. Sternite 5 usually with an arm, a lobe, and a cleft. Syntergosternite 7+8 and epandrium red or black. Basiphallus and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip. Acrophallus composed of capitis, hillae, lateral styli and median stylus. Lateral and median styli tubular. Recognition. Nephochaetopteryx is usually characterized by wing with an apical spot and vein R 1 entirely setulose dorsally (Pape 1996). However, some specimens belonging to this genus have a hyaline wing, and some species of Panava Dodge and Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall also show R 1 entirely setulose (Lopes 1978; Carvalho-Filho et al. 2014). According to the phylogenetic hypothesis of Buenaventura & Pape (2018), Nephochaetopteryx is a natural group of species with three possible autapomorphies: “hind coxa with thick setae posteriorly”, “mid tibia with neither antero-dorsal nor antero-ventral setae” and “wing fumose between apical part of veins R 2+3 and C”. Another feature found only in species of Nephochaetopteryx is the “inner process of vesica” covered with minute spine-like cuticular projections. However, the “inner process of vesica” is reduced or absent in N. angustifrons and N. pallidifacies. The term “inner process of vesica” is utilized to denominate the structure that Lopes called “base of ventralia” in the description of the male terminalia of his new species Nephochaetopteryx pacatubensis Lopes, 1975a. This term was also utilized by Lopes (1975a) to designate the structure covered with spine-like projections and located inside the distiphallus, attached to the basal portion of the vesica. In the same work, Lopes named a similar structure located inside the distiphallus of N. pallidiventris as “protection of glans”. However, as these structures are located inside the distiphallus and are covered with spine-like projections, we assume that they are homologous. This structure was labeled as “vesical arm-shaped lever” by Buenaventura & Pape (2018, fig. 18B), and according to them it is composed of an “apex” and a “base”. The “apex” is the visible portion of the “vesical arm-shaped lever” body that is joined with the “distal section of vesica”. The base is the portion of the “vesical arm-shaped lever” body that is usually hidden within the paraphallic tube. Based on the figure provided by Bue- naventura & Pape (2018, fig. 18B), it is possible to assesses that the basal portion of the “vesical arm-shaped lever” is the “inner process of vesica”. These authors also mentioned that in Nephochaetopteryx, the “vesical arm-shaped lever” apex is rounded or bilobed. Nephochaetopteryx is a speciose genus with more than 35 described species, but Buenaventura & Pape (2018) analyzed few species (about three). The vesica in Nephochaetopteryx is highly variable in shape and none of them seems to have a rounded or bilobed “vesical arm-shaped lever”. In addition, it is very difficult to assesse the limits between the “vesical arm-shaped lever” and the “distal section of vesica” in most of the species of this genus. For these reasons, we did not utilize the term “vesical arm-shaped lever” and we are utilizing the term “inner process of vesica” to denominate the basal portion of the “vesical arm-shaped lever” sensu Buenaventura & Pape (2018). Buenaventura & Pape (2018) provided a list of diagnostic features for the genus Nephochaetopteryx, but some of them are not present in all species, such as “male abdominal ST4 [= sternite 4] with a dense patch of erect black setae near posterior margin”, a feature present only in few species. They also mentioned “vesica with distal section ornamented”, but the term “ornamented” was not explained. Based on the SEM images of the male terminalia of Nephochaetopteryx species showed by Buenaventura & Pape (2018, figs 18A–C, 25E), it is not possible to assesses what exactly the ornamentation is. Species of Nephochaetopteryx are easily recognized by the following combination of features: small to medium-sized flies (4.0– 7.3 mm in length); wing vein R 1 entirely setulose dorsally; wing fumose between apical part of vein R 2+3 and costal vein or more rarely hyaline; male with one or two proclinate orbital setae; notopleuron with subprimary setae; postalar wall setulose; metasternum setulose; male mid femur with a ctenidium; hind coxa with stout setae on posterior surface; male sternite 5 usually with an arm, a lobe and a cleft; basiphallus and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip. Biology. Little is known about the biology of Nephochaetopteryx species, but according to Lopes (1973), many species, in nature, deposit their larvae in feces of mammals and birds. Lopes (1973) obtained many species of this genus in traps baited with human feces in Brazil and one of us (FSCF) collected an adult male on dog feces in a secondary forest in the Brazilian Amazon. Curran & Walley (1934) also collected specimens of Nephochaetopteryx on human feces in Guyana. Lopes (1936, 1973) reared larvae of various species in an artificial medium composed of “gelose plus horse blood serum” or “gelose plus egg albumine”. Pape & Dahlem (2010) reported on larvae bred from vertebrate carcasses, and N. cyaneiventris, N. orbitalis, and N. pallidiventris have been collected from pig carcasses in Brazil (Vairo et al. 2011; Mello-Patiu et al. 2014). Females of Nephochaetopteryx have been collected in traps baited with rotting bovine lung in the Brazilian Amazon (Sousa et al. 2011). However, the natural feeding substrate of the larvae has not yet been reported. Lopes (1975a) collected many adult Nephochaetopteryx flies in Van Someren-Rydon traps (butterfly trap) bait- ed with rotting banana in Ceará (northern Brazil). Van Someren-Rydon traps baited with pineapple were useful for collecting male specimens in a secondary forest in the Brazilian Amazon (FSCF, personal observation). Pape & Dahlem (2010) mentioned that fermented fruits are useful for attracting specimens of Nephochaetopteryx. Nephochaetopteryx distincta Dodge, 1968b was collected flying close to trails of army ants of the species Eciton burchelli Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (information from specimen label). Adults of N. limpidipennis Lopes, 1976 were collected on mango flowers (Mangifera indica; Anacardiaceae) in Mexico (information from specimen label). Key to the males of Nephochaetopteryx This key is based only on males, since females of most species remain unknown. Nephochaetopteryx coxalis Dodge, 1968a and N. maxima Dodge, 1968b were not included because their males are unknown. 1. Wing vein R 2+3 with setulae ventrally...................................................................... 2 - Wing vein R 2+3 without setulae ventrally................................................................... 6 2. Mid femur with small setae, shorter than height of mid femur (Fig. 38B). Vesica in lateral view with an elongate and narrowed tip (Figs 14F, 21F). Ventral margin of distiphallus serrated (Figs 14F, 21F)........................................ 3 - Mid femur with a long seta, longer than or as long as height of mid femur (Fig. 38A). Vesica dome-shaped in lateral view, with an enlarged tip (Figs 10E, 30F, 35F). Ventral margin of distiphallus not serrated (Figs 10E, 30F, 35F)................... 4 3. Tip of vesica in lateral view not curved (Fig. 21F). Apical margin of distiphallus smooth, not corrugated (Fig. 21F)............................................................................................... N. molinai Lopes - Tip of vesica in lateral view strongly curved (Fig. 14F). Apical margin of distiphallus corrugated (Fig. 14F)..................................................................................................... N. inca sp. nov. 4. Apical margin of distiphallus in lateral view with a preapical concavity close to ventral margin (Fig. 30F). Surstylus with a broad rounded apex (Fig. 30A)............................................................. N. sofiae sp. nov. - Apical margin of distiphallus entirely rounded in lateral view, without a preapical concavity close to ventral margin (Figs 10E, 35F). Surstylus with a narrowed, rounded apex (Figs 10E, 35F)................................................. 5 5. Cerci in dorsal view with cercal prongs slightly convergent (Fig. 35B). Ventral margin of distiphallus with a glossiform lobe projected anteriorly (Fig. 35F)............................................................ N. travassosi Lopes - Cerci in dorsal view with cercal prongs parallel (Fig. 10B). Lateral margin of distiphallus with a glossiform lobe curved toward base of distiphallus (Fig. 10E)............................................................. N. distincta Dodge 6. Sternite 4 with a median patch of thick setae near posterior margin (Figs 37A, 37B, 38E)............................ 7 - Sternite 4 without a median patch of thick setae near posterior margin........................................... 11 7. Palpus yellow. Sternite 5 with lobes joined (Dodge 1968a, fig. S)................................ N. juquiana Dodge - Palpus brown. Sternite 5 with lobes separated (Figs 5E, 16E, 25E).............................................. 8 8. Cercus with pointed tip, strongly curved ventrally and with a small, preapical protuberance (Figs 5 A–B).. N. boruca sp. nov. - Cercus with tip rounded or quadrate, without a preapical protuberance (Figs 16 A–B, 25A–B, 31A–B).................. 9 9. Apical margin of distiphallus with a prominent concavity (Fig. 16F). Vesica short, with distal portion not reaching ventral margin of distiphallus (Fig. 16F).......................................................... N. limpidipennis Lopes - Apical margin of distiphallus without a concavity (Figs 25F, 31F). Vesica elongate and angled, with distal portion reaching ventral margin of distiphallus (Figs 25F, 31F).............................................................. 10 10. Postgonite curved anteriorly (Fig. 31D). Vesica with a rectangular median projection (Fig. 31F)......... N. spinosa Dodge - Postgonite curved posteriorly near middle (Fig. 25D). Vesica with a rounded median projection (Fig. 25F).............................................................................................. N. pallidiventris Townsend 11. Apical margin of distiphallus with two concavities (Fig. 13A). Surstylus about the same length as cercus (Fig. 13A)........................................................................................... N. fuscipennis Lopes - Apical margin of distiphallus without a concavity (Fig. 9F). Surstylus shorter than cercus (Figs 1A, 2B, 7A)............ 12 12. Cercus with spines on dorsal surface (Figs 1 A–B, 7A–B, 9A–B, 22A–B)........................................ 13 - Cercus without spines on dorsal surface (Figs 2 A–B, 24A–B)................................................. 18 13. Cercal base with a prominent, rounded dorsal projection (Figs 9 A–B).......................... N. cyaneiventris Lopes - Cercal base without a prominent, rounded dorsal projection (Figs 1 A–B, 7A–B, 22A–B)............................ 14 14. Surstylus with spines (Fig. 7A). Sternite 5 with two strong flattened setae at base of lobe (Fig. 7E)....... N. coendu sp. nov. - Surstylus without spines (Figs 1A, 22A). Sternite 5 without strong flattened setae at base of lobe (Figs 1E, 22E)......... 15 15. Ventral margin of distiphallus not serrated (Fig. 1F). Cercus in dorsal view mostly narrowed, in lateral view strongly curved anteriorly (Figs 1 A–B)..................................................................... N. affinis Lopes - Ventral margin of distiphallus serrated (Figs 22F, 27F). Cercus in dorsal view mostly broadened, in lateral view not so strongly curved anteriorly (Figs 22 A–B, 27A–B).................................................................. 16 16. Cercus in lateral view with a single, rounded preapical projection (Fig. 32A). Pregonite narrowed with rounded apex, slightly curved posteriorly..................................................................... N. subaurata (Engel) - Cercus in lateral view with two or three rounded projections (Figs 22A, 27B). Pregonite with a different combination of features.............................................................................................. 17 17. Cercus in lateral view with three rounded projections (Fig. 27B). Pregonite subrectangular (Fig. 27C).................................................................................................. N. psittacocercus sp. nov. - Cercus in lateral view with two rounded projections (Fig. 22A). Pregonite claw-shaped (Fig. 22C)................................................................................................ N. orbitalis (Curran & Walley) 18. Basiphallus as long as or longer than distiphallus. Ventroapical margin of distiphallus with a strong projection (Figs 2F, 24F). Palpus yellow....................................................................................... 19 - Basiphallus shorter than distiphallus. Ventroapical margin of distiphallus without a strong projection (Figs 4F, 23D). Palpus brown or yellow..................................................................................... 20 19. Ventral margin of distiphallus membranous (Fig. 2F). Vesica with a median spiny projection (Fig. 2F). Lateral stylus as long as vesica (Fig. 2F)...................................................................... N. angustifrons Lopes - Ventral margin of distiphallus sclerotized (Fig. 24F). Vesica without a median spiny projection (Fig. 24F). Lateral stylus shorter than vesica (Fig. 24F)................................................................. N. pallidifacies Lopes 20. Cercus with one or two dorsal excavations (Figs 4 A–B)...................................................... 21 - Cercus without a dorsal excavation (Figs 3B, 15B, 19B)..................................................... 22 21. Cercus with one large dorsal excavation (Figs 4 A–B). Apical margin of distiphallus with a fissure (Fig. 4F).................................................................................................... N. biculcita Dodge - Cercus with two dorsal excavations (Fig. 23A). Apical margin of distiphallus without a fissure (Fig. 23D)................................................................................................. N. pacatubensis Lopes 22. Cercus (lateral view) with a preapical protuberance on dorsal margin (Figs 15A, 19A).............................. 23 - Cercus (lateral view) without a preapical protuberance on dorsal margin (Fig. 3A)................................. 25 23. Sternite 5 with lobe almost triangular and bare (Fig. 15E). Surstylus with rounded apex, not curved posteriorly (Fig. 15A). 24 - Sternite 5 with lobe rounded and with a tuft of setulae (Fig. 19E). Surstylus with pointed apex, strongly curved posteriorly (Fig. 19A)................................................................................ N. matinta sp. nov. 24. Vesica in lateral view with a strong triangular basal projection and not strongly arched distally (Fig. 15F)..................................................................................................... N. lamasi sp. nov. - Vesica in lateral view without a triangular basal projection and strongly arched distally (Hime 1985, figs 7–9)................................................................................................ N. panamensis Hime 25. Lateral wall of distiphallus with many tiny cuticular spines (Figs 3F, 8E). Ventral margin of distiphallus with two strong, pointed projecti, Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Townsend, C. H. T. (1934) New Neotropical oestromuscoid flies. Revista de Entomologia, 4, 201 - 212.","Blanchard, E. E. (1939) Los sarcofagidos argentinos. Contribucion a su conocimiento. Physis, 17, 791 - 856.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558.","Lopes, H. S. (1978) The systematic position of the genus Panava Dodge, with descriptions of two new species (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 38, 801 - 805.","Carvalho-Filho, F. S., Esposito, M. C. & Silva, A. A. (2014) A further new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with faeces of the disk-winged bat (Thyroptera Spix: Chiroptera) in Brazil and the redescription of the female terminalia of S. cuneata (Townsend). Zootaxa, 3889 (1), 118 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3889.1.7","Buenaventura, E. & Pape, T. (2018) Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (4), 808 - 906. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 070","Lopes, H. S. (1975 a) Sarcophagid flies (Diptera) from Pacatuba, State of Ceara. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 34, 271 - 294.","Lopes, H. S. (1973) Collecting and rearing Sarcophagidae flies (Diptera) in Brazil during forty years. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 45, 279 - 291.","Curran, C. H. & Walley, G. S. (1934) Sarcophagidae. In: Curran, C. H. (Ed.), The Diptera of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, with descriptions of new species from other British Guiana localities. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66, 474 - 491.","Lopes, H. S. (1936) Sarcophagideos neotropicas novos ou pouco conhecidos (Dipt.). Archivos do Instituo de Biologia Vegetal, 3, 71 - 90.","Pape, T. & Dahlem, G. A. (2010) Sarcophagidae. In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 1313 - 1335.","Vairo, K. P., Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Carvalho, C. J. B. (2011) Pictorial identification key for species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance in southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55, 333 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000033","Mello-Patiu, C. A., Paseto, M. L., Faria, L. S., Mendes, J. & Linhares, A. X. (2014) Sarchophagid flies (Insecta, Diptera) from pig carcasses in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with nine new records from the Cerrado, a threatened Neotropical biome. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 58, 142 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000200005","Sousa, J. R. P., Esposito, M. C. & Carvalho Filho, F. S. (2011) Composition, abundance and richness of Sarcophagidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in forests and forest gaps with different vegetation cover. Neotropical Entomology, 40, 20 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2011000100003","Dodge, H. R. (1968 b) The Sarcophagidae of Barro Colorado Island, Panama (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 421 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 61.2.421","Lopes, H. S. (1976) Some new or little-known neotropical Sarcophagidae (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 35, 155 - 164.","Dodge, H. R. (1968 a) Nine new Nephochaetopteryx from Brazil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 277 - 287.","Hime, N. C. (1985) Contribuic \" o ao estudo do genero Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934, com descric \" o de N. panamensis n. sp. (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 45, 627 - 629."]}

Nephochaetopteryx biculcita Dodge (Fig. 4) Nephochaetopteryx biculcita Dodge, 1968a: 279 (key), 282 (description of male). Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. Other references: Pape (1996: 260; catalog). Material examined. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Jacarepaguá, Rep. Ciganos, Estrada dos Três Rios, 22.X.1984, leg. H.J. Guimarães (2 ♁♁, MNRJ). Redescription. Male. Length = 5.0 mm (n = 2). Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta reddish-black with basal half reddish. Six frontal setae. Palpus brown. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 1+3, anepisternals 5; merals 5. Mid femur with two median setae and without a differentiated posteroventral seta. Ctenidium consisting of four spines. Wing hyaline, with dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown, with a band of gray microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 1 to 4 yellow, covered with yellowish setulae and marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, without a cleft; with thick setae concentrated in posterior half, mainly on lobe; lobe triangular, isolated by a membranous region and with a tuft of short setulae; arm finger-shaped and short (about the same length as lobe) (Fig. 4E). Syntergosternite 7+8, epandrium and cercus brown. Cercus elongate, tapering distally in lateral view, with quadrate tip (Fig. 4A). Cercal prongs slightly convergent (Fig. 4B). Cercus with a conspicuous dorsal excavation in the cercal base that is not covered with setulae (Figs 4 A–B). Surstylus with distal portion narrowed and apex quadrate, with apical setae and a median patch of setulae (Fig. 4A). Pregonite shorter than postgonite, with basal portion enlarged and distal portion narrowed, perpendicular to base, with rounded apex, and bearing small pointed setae on anterior margin (Fig. 4C). Postgonite straight, tapering distally, with a long seta and small pointed setae on anterior margin (Fig. 4D). Basiphallus short, about half the length of distiphallus, gently curved dorsally (Fig. 4F). Distiphallus almost straight, with apical margin rounded and bearing a median fissure in lateral view (Fig. 4F). Vesica strongly angled, with a triangular projection on proximal half and serrated apex (Fig. 4F). Inner process of vesica with rectangular apex (Fig. 4F). Lateral and median styli short, of about one-fourth of width of widest portion of lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted at level of vesica (Fig. 4F). Median stylus with a basal projection. Lateral stylus with minute spines ventrally (Fig. 4F). Female. Unknown. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Remarks. Nephochaetopteryx biculcita differs from other species in having cercus with a large excavation in proximal half; sternite 5 lacking a cleft and with lobe surrounded by a membranous region; apex of distiphallus with a fissure. The holotype of N. biculcita, deposited in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), was not examined. However, we examined two males from Rio de Janeiro (the type locality), which exhibit the same diagnostic features found in the original description and in the illustrations of the terminalia and sternite 5 provided by Dodge (1968a)., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Dodge, H. R. (1968 a) Nine new Nephochaetopteryx from Brazil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 277 - 287.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558."]}

Nephochaetopteryx similis sp. nov. (Fig. 29) Type material. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Pará / Paragominas / Faz. [= Farm] Cachoeira / do Rio Vermelho / 15 a [= to] 18.I.1991 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Brasil Pará / J. Dias [printed on rectangular white label] // Armadilha Malaise [= Malaise trap] [printed on rectangular white label]. [Holotype in good condition, with left mid leg lacking and abdomen and terminalia cleared and preserved in glycerin in a plastic microvial pinned beneath the specimen.] PARATYPES (7). ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Pará / Paragominas / Faz. [= Farm] Cachoeira / do Rio Vermelho / 15 a [= to] 18.I.1991 [rectangular white label with printed and handwritten data] // Brasil Pará / R.B. Neto [rectangular white label with printed data] // Armadilha Malaise [= Malaise trap] [rectangular white label with printed data] [paratype in good condition, with left fore leg lacking and abdomen and terminalia glued to a card triangle pinned beneath the specimen]. ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Pará / Paragominas / Faz. [= Farm] Cachoeira / do Rio Vermelho / 15 a [= to] 18.I.1991 [rectangular white label with printed and handwritten data] // Brasil Pará / J. Dias [rectangular white label with printed data] // Armadilha Malaise [rectangular white label with printed data] [paratype covered with fungal hyphae, with mid legs and left hind leg missing and abdomen and terminalia cleared and stored in a plastic microvial pinned beneath the specimen]. ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Pará / Paragominas / Faz. [= Farm] Cachoeira / do Rio Vermelho / 18 a [= to] 21.I.1991 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Brasil Pará / R. B. Neto [printed on rectangular white label] // Armadilha Malaise [= Malaise trap] [printed on rectangular white label] [paratype in good condition]. 3 ♁♁ (MPEG): BRASIL-PARÁ / São Geraldo do Araguaia / Serra das An- dorinhas-Sta. Cruz / S6°12’58.8” W48°26’1.6” / 08 a [= to] 22-V-2001 [printed on rectangular white label] // S. Andorinhas-Sta. Cruz- 08-22/ V /2001 / Mata de Encosta [= hillside forest], Malaise / Cols: I.S. Gorayeb, E.M. Santos, / N. Bittencourt, J.M.F. Ribeiro [printed on rectangular white label] [paratype 1 covered with Lepidoptera scales, with right fore leg and right mid leg missing and terminalia glued to a card triangle pinned beneath the specimen; paratype 2 missing left mid leg and terminalia; paratype 3 in good condition, covered with Lepidoptera scales]. ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Amazonas / Humaitá / 54 B16 / 17 a [= to] 21-IX-1990 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Armadilha / 1,6m / Suspensa [= suspended trap at a height of 1.6 meters] [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Brasil AM / R. Constantino [printed on rectangular white label] [paratype covered with fungal hyphae, lacking left fore leg and mid legs, with terminalia cleared and preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen.] Description. Male. Length = 4.8–5.0 mm (n = 8). Head. Fronto-orbital, parafacial plates, gena and postgena with silvery yellow microtomentum and postocular strip silvery. Frontal vitta black with basal half reddish-brown. Six frontal setae. Palpus yellow. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 3+3; supra-alars 2+3, notopleurals 2 subprimaries; anepisternals 5; merals 5. Ctenidium consisting of four or five spines. Mid femur with two median setae and without a differentiated posteroventral seta. Wing hyaline, with dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of vein r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of vein r 2+3; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of silvery microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 2 to 4 yellow with a median brown strip, covered with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, longer than wide, with small setae restricted to posterior half; cleft shallow, extending a little beyond base of lobe; lobe rounded, with a tuft of short setulae; arm elongate, with quadrate apex (Fig. 29E). Cercus elongate and narrow in lateral view (Fig. 29A). Cercal prongs with tips parallel in dorsal view (Fig. 29B). Cercal base without setulae on inner lateral margin and outer lateral margin; with long and small setae (Figs 29 A–B). Surstylus conical, with a quadrate apex and with a patch of setulae on posterobasal corner (Fig. 29A). Pregonite elongate and curved anteriorly, with some small pointed setae on posterior margin (Fig. 29C). Postgonite conical, slightly curved anteriorly with a long seta and some small pointed setae on anterior margin (Fig. 29D). Basiphallus elongate, curved dorsally, about two-third of width of the wider portion of distiphallus (Fig. 29F). Distiphallus with dorsal margin almost linear and apical margin rounded in lateral view (Fig. 29F). Ventral margin of distiphallus bearing a small curved finger-like projection in lateral view (Fig. 29F). Vesica angled, with a basal triangular projection and with distal portion with small setulae in lateral view (Fig. 29F). Inner process of vesica longer than wide in lateral view (Fig. 29F). Lateral and median styli short, of about one-fourth of width of widest portion of lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted in the middle of distiphallus (Fig. 29F). Median stylus with a projection basally (Fig. 29F). Female. Unknown. Etymology. From the Latin “similis” (= similar), in reference to the strong similarity of its male terminalia to those of N. tinguensis. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Amazonas, Pará). Remarks. This species is very similar to N. tinguensis in the shape of the male terminalia. However, in N. similis sp. nov. the lobe of sternite 5 is not united with the arm; the vesica is slightly curved; the posterodorsal corner of the distiphallus is angled in lateral view and the postgonite is entirely conical. In N. tinguensis the lobe of sternite 5 is united with the arm; the vesica is strongly angled; the posterodorsal corner of the distiphallus is rounded in lateral view; and the distal half of the postgonite is conical., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406

Nephochaetopteryx matinta sp. nov. (Fig. 19) Type material. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Pará Tucuruí / Rio Tocantins / SAUDE / 5 a 7–VI–1984 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Armadilha / 7 m / Suspensa [= suspended trap at height of 7 meters] [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label]. [Holotype in good condition, lacking left mid leg and fore legs.] PARATYPES (2). ♁ (INPA): BRASIL: Amazonas / 26 Km NE Manaus / Reserva Ducke [= Ducke Reserve] / 27.X.1988 [printed on rectangular white] // J.A. Rafael / Arm. Suspensa / 1,5 metros [= suspended trap at height of 1.5 meters] [printed on rectangular white label] [paratype in good condition, lacking left mid leg and left fore leg, with terminalia and last segments of abdomen cleared and preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen]. ♁ (INPA): BRASIL Roraima / Rio Uraricoera / Ilha de Maracá [= Maracá Island] / 02–13. V.1987 [printed on rectangular white label] // J.A. Rafael / J.E. R. Brasil / L.S. Aquino [printed on rectangular white label] // Armadilha / Suspensa [= suspended trap] [printed on rectangular white label] [paratype with thorax partly damaged and terminal portion of abdomen cleared and preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen]. Description. Male. Length = 5.0 mm (n = 3). Head. Fronto-orbital, parafacial plates and postocular strip with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta black. Six frontal setae. Gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Palpus yellow. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+3; supra-alars 2+3, notopleurals 1 subprimary; anepisternals 5; merals 5. Ctenidium consisting of four spines. Mid femur with two median setae and with a differentiated posteroventral seta. Wing hyaline; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of grayish microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 2 and 3 orange with a median brown strip on posterior margin; sternite 4 brown, with yellowish setulae and marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, with long and short slender setae; cleft shallow, not passing the anterior margin of lobe; lobe rounded and with a tuft of short setulae; arms divergent and glossiform (Fig. 19E). Cercus sinuous, short- er than epandrium, without setulae on cercal prong, with a small preapical protuberance on dorsal surface and with tip strongly curved posteriorly in lateral view (Fig. 19A). Cercal prongs with convergent rectangular apex in dorsal view (Fig. 19B). Surstylus elongate, tapering distally, with pointed apex curved posteriorly, with setulae restricted to basal margin (Fig. 19A). Pregonite claw-shaped, curved anteriorly, bearing small, pointed setulae on posterior margin (Fig. 19C). Postgonite shorter than pregonite, with pointed apex curved anteriorly, anterior margin bearing a long seta and small pointed setae (Fig. 19D). Basiphallus elongate, about half as long as distiphallus (Fig. 19F). Distiphallus L-shaped, with rounded apical margin (Fig. 19F). Ventral margin of distiphallus with a small, pointed projection and with serrated margin (Fig. 19F). Vesica strongly angled, with a basal triangular projection and with pointed apex strongly curved in lateral view (Fig. 19F). Inner process of vesica elongate and curved posteriorly (Fig. 19F). Lateral and median styli short, of about one-fourth width as the widest portion of lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted medially in distiphallus (Fig. 19F). Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name, which should be treated as a noun in apposition, is derived from the name “Matinta Pereira”, who in the Brazilian folklore is a witch dwelling in the Amazon forest. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima). Remarks. This species differs from the others in having surstylus with distal portion pointed and strongly curved posteriorly. The cercus of this species resembles that of N. panamensis.

Nephochaetopteryx travassosi Lopes (Figs 35, 37D) Nephochaetopteryx travassosi Lopes, 1938: 279 (description of male). Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Gávea. Other references: Dodge (1968a: 279; key); Lopes (1969: 28; catalog); Pape (1996: 262; catalog); Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001: 312; description of female). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MNRJ): Rio de Janeiro / Jardim Botânico / H.S. Lopes [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label bordered with black] // Holotype [printed on rectangular red label bordered with black] // Nephochaetopteryx / ♁ travassosi n. sp. / Holotypo / 8.9.37 Det. H.S. Lopes [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // MNRJ / 2205 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label bordered with black]. [Holotype lacking left mid leg, hind leg, abdomen and terminalia.] Additional material examined. Brazil. Paraná: Jundiaí do Sul, Fazenda Monte Verde [= Monte Verde Farm], 02.XI.1987, PROFAUPAR, Malaise trap, [no collector] (1 ♁, DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: Alto da Boa Vista, 08.II.1985, leg. Guimarães (1 ♀, MNRJ). São Paulo: Ribeir „o Grande, 24°15’S 48°10’W, 13–16.XII.2000, Malaise trap, leg. M. T. Tavares (1 ♁, MZUSP); same data but 10–13.XII.2000 (2 ♀♀, MZUSP). Redescription. Male. Length = 6.8–7.0 mm (n = 4). Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta reddish-black with basal half reddish. Six frontal setae. Palpus brown. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 1+3, anepisternals 5, notopleurals 1 subprimary; merals 5. Mid femur with three median setae and without differentiated posteroventral seta. Ctenidium consisting of three to six spines. Wing hyaline with dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3; vein R 2+3 with setulae ventrally; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of gray microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces (Fig. 37D). Sternites 1 to 4 brown with grayish-blue microtomentum, quadrate, covered with yellowish setulae and marginal setae. Sternite 4 with a median patch of thick setae near posterior margin. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, with a deep cleft, nearly reaching middle of sternite; lobe rounded and with a tuft of short setulae and several long and short setae; arms convergents, short and glossiform, covered with setae (Fig. 35E). Cercus shorter than epandrium, almost straight, with a minute preapical protuberance on ventral margin (Fig. 35A). Cercal prongs separated with tips strongly convergent (Fig. 35B). Cercus with a preapical tuft of long setulae on inner lateral margin, without setulae apically and with long and thick setae basally (Figs 35 A–B). Surstylus almost triangular, covered with setulae, except on lateral margins (Fig. 35A). Pregonite wider than long, with rounded apex perpendicular to base; ventral and posterior margins with short and pointed setae (Fig. 35C). Postgonite straight, tapering distally, with pointed apex; posterior margin with a long seta (longer than postgonite) and small pointed setae (Fig. 35D). Basiphallus short, about half as long as distiphallus, with proximal region narrowed and curved dorsally (Fig. 35F). Distiphallus elongate, with dorsal margin sinuous, with apical margin rounded (Fig. 35F). Ventral margin with a conspicuous glossiform projection directed anteriorly with serrated margin, with a large, rounded projection just above the base of vesica (Fig. 35F). Vesica dome-shaped. Lateral and median styli short, of about one-third of width of widest lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted close to apical surface of distiphallus (Fig. 35F). Female. Terminalia as described by Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001, figs 25–26, 41). Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, S„o Paulo). Remarks. This species is similar to N. distincta and N. sofiae sp. nov. in the shape of the distiphallus and differs from these by the features mentioned in the remarks under N. distincta and N. sofiae sp. nov. The holotype of N. travassosi has no associated abdomen and terminalia. Nevertheless, it is possible to determine in the figure of the terminalia provided by Lopes (1938) that the vesica of this species is dome-shaped. In addition, the holotype shows R 2+3 with setulae ventrally. We analyzed specimens with these features from Brazil’s Atlantic forest (biome of the type locality) and they were identified as N. travassosi. Therefore, this species is recorded for the first time from S„o Paulo and Paraná., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1938) Sobre quatro novas especies de Sarcophagideos do Brasil (Dipt.). In: Livro Jubilar do Prof. Travassos. Ex- Libris, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 279 - 295, 2 pls.","Dodge, H. R. (1968 a) Nine new Nephochaetopteryx from Brazil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 277 - 287.","Lopes, H. S. (1969) Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Vol. 103. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, S \" o Paulo, pp. 1 - 88.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558.","Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Santos, J. M. (2001) Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934: descriptions and comparative morphological notes on the female terminalia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Studia Dipterologica, 8, 303 - 315."]}

Nephochaetopteryx flavipalpis Lopes (Figs 12, 37E) Nephochaetopteryx flavipalpis Lopes, 1936: 85 (descriptions of male and female). Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Jardim Botânico. Other references: Dodge (1968a: 281; key); Lopes (1969: 28; catalog); Pape (1996: 260; catalog); Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001: 307; redescription of female). Nephochaetopteryx shannoni Dodge, 1968a: 286 (description of male). Type locality: Brasil, Rio de Janeiro. Other references: Dodge (1968a: 281; key); Pape (1996: 262; catalog). Syn. nov. Type material examined. PARATYPE. ♁ (MZUSP): São Paulo / Lussamira / 545 [handwritten on rectangular white label] // Cotypus [printed on rectangular red label bordered with black] // Nephochaetopte / ryx flavipal / pis Lopes ♀ / 5.936/ Det. H.S. Lopes / Paratype [handwritten on rectangular white label]. [Paratype in good condition.] Additional material examined. Brazil. Espírito Santo: Linhares, VI.1972, leg. P.C. Elias (2 ♁♁, MNRJ). Rio de Janeiro: Grajaú, leg. H.S. Lopes (2 ♁♁, 1 ♀, MNRJ; 4 ♁♁, 2 ♀♀, MZUSP); same data but X.1966, culture 777 (1 ♁, 1 ♀, MNRJ); same data but 26.IV.1938 (2 ♀♀, MZUSP). Redescription. Male. Length = 4.9–5.1 mm (n = 10). Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta reddish brown. Five frontal setae. Palpus yellow. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 1+3; notopleurals 1, subprimary, anepisternals 5; merals 5. Mid femur with two median setae and without a differentiated posteroventral seta. Ctenidium consisting of seven spines. Wing hyaline, with a faint dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of yellow-whitish microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces and in some specimens posterior half of tergites 4 and 5 with a black band (Fig. 37E). Sternites 1 to 4 brown, quadrate, covered with whitish setulae and marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, trapezoid-shaped, tapering anteriorly, with a shallow cleft; lobe absent; arm badly differentiated, with rounded apex. Sternite 5 with small and slender setae on posterior half and one long and strong marginal seta on arm (Fig. 12E). Cercus shorter than epandrium, tapering distally, gently inclined posteriorly (Fig. 12B). Cercal base with enlarged and rounded lobes. Cercal prongs separated but with tips convergent (Fig. 12A). Cercus without setulae along margins, with long setae in proximal portion and short setae in distal portion (Figs 12 A–B). Surstylus elongate, with rounded apex, without setae and with a patch of setulae on basal half (Fig. 12B). Pregonite with an enlarged basal portion and with a saber-like apical portion curved anteriorly; basal half with an elongate and pointed projection parallel to apex (Fig. 12C). Posterior margin of pregonite with small pointed setulae (Fig. 12C). Postgonite almost straight with pointed apex and small pointed setae on distal half and a long seta on anterior margin (Fig. 12D). Basiphallus rectangular and short, about one third of length of distiphallus (Fig. 12E). Distiphallus gently curved, with dorsal margin sinuous and apical margin rounded. Ventral margin serrated (Fig. 12F). Vesica elongate and angled in lateral view, with one pointed and one rounded middle projection (Fig. 12F). Inner process of vesica with strong spine-like processes distally (Fig. 12F). Lateral and median styli tubular and very long, of about the same width as widest portion of lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted apically in distiphallus (Fig. 12F). Median stylus with finger-like projection basally (Fig. 12F). Female. Terminalia as described by Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001, figs 9–10, 33). Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, S„o Paulo). Remarks. This species differs from other congeneric species in having base of pregonite with a pointed fingerlike projection, sternite 5 without a lobe, arm short and cleft reduced. Dodge (1968a) mentioned that N. shannoni is similar to N. flavipalpis, from which it differs in some small differences in the shape of the pregonite and vesica. The differences in the vesica pointed out by Dodge (1968a) are “closely appressed, undivided keel, without teeth” for the vesica and “smaller apical division” for the pregonite. The “smaller apical division” of the pregonite is a highly variable feature. The illustration provided by Dodge (1968a) shows that the vesica has two pointed projections, the “teeth”, which are not present in the original illustration of N. flavipalpis provided by Lopes (1936, fig. 21). However, these features are present on the vesica of the type material examined and also in other specimens from the same type locality as N. flavipalpis. The holotype of N. shannoni, deposited in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), was not examined. However, we analyzed specimens from the type locality of N. shannoni which show the diagnostic features mentioned by Dodge (1968a). Therefore, as significant differences were not found between N. shannoni and N. flavipalpis and as they are distributed in the same region of Brazil, they are considered to be synonyms. This is the first record of this species from the state of Espírito Santo., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1936) Sarcophagideos neotropicas novos ou pouco conhecidos (Dipt.). Archivos do Instituo de Biologia Vegetal, 3, 71 - 90.","Dodge, H. R. (1968 a) Nine new Nephochaetopteryx from Brazil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 277 - 287.","Lopes, H. S. (1969) Family Sarcophagidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Vol. 103. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, S \" o Paulo, pp. 1 - 88.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558.","Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Santos, J. M. (2001) Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934: descriptions and comparative morphological notes on the female terminalia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Studia Dipterologica, 8, 303 - 315."]}

Nephochaetopteryx aurescens Dodge (Fig. 3) Nephochaetopteryx aurescens Dodge, 1968b: 423 (key), 436 (descriptions of male and female). Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island. Other references: Pape (1996: 259; catalog). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♁ (SEMC): Barro Colorado I / Canal Zone Panama / 13.II.1956 No. / C.W. & M.E. Rettenmeyer [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // HOLOTYPE / Nephochaetopteryx / aurescens / Dodge [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label bordered with red]. [Holotype in good condition, with terminalia removed and glued to the specimen label.]. PARATYPE. ♁ (MNRJ): PANAMA-Canal Zone / Barro Colorado Is. / 22.IV.63 No. / CW & ME Rettenmeyer [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Taken in / Malaise trap [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Paratype [printed on rectangular green label] // Nephochaeto. / aurescens / PARATYPE / Det. H. R. Dodge [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label bordered with black]. [Paratype in good condition, with terminalia (including sternite 5) cleared and preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen.] Redescription. Male. Length = 6.0–7.0 mm (n = 2). Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates with golden microtomentum. Postocular strip with silvery microtomentum. Frontal vitta black, with basal half reddish. Four frontal setae. Gena and postgena with silvery microtomentum. Palpus yellow. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+3; supra-alars 2+3, notopleurals 1, subprimary; anepisternals 6; merals 5. Mid femur with two median setae and with a differentiated posteroventral seta. Ctenidium consisting of three spines. Wing hyaline; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of golden microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 1 to 3 yellow and sternite 4 brown, covered with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, longer than wide; cleft shallow; lobe rectangular and with a tuft of short setulae, with outer lateral margin fused with arm; arm short, with rounded apex projected posteriorly. Sternite 5 with small setulae restricted to posterior half (Fig. 3E). Syntergosternite 7+8, epandrium and cercus brown. Cercus short, tapering distally in lateral view, with a rectangular apex (Fig. 3A). Cercal prongs parallel and separated (Fig. 3B). Distal portion and outer lateral margin of cercus without setulae (Figs 3 A–B). Surstylus almost triangular, with rounded apex without setulae on margins and with few, scattered, small and slender setae (Fig. 3A). Pregonite elongate, with rounded apex and pointed setae on posterior margin (Fig. 3C). Postgonite conical, with pointed apex and a long seta and small pointed setae on anterior margin (Fig. 3D). Basiphallus quadrangular and short, about half as long as distiphallus. Distiphallus widened, with rounded apical surface, some small spines basally on apical margin, and some cuticular spines laterally (Fig. 3F). Ventral margin of distiphallus with two prominent, pointed projections curved in a basal direction (Fig. 3F). Vesica angled, with a quadrate apex. Inner process of vesica widened and curved (Fig. 3F). Lateral and median styli short, of about one-fourth of width of widest portion of lateral wall of distiphallus (Fig. 3F). Female. Unknown. Dodge (1968d) described one female specimen from Panama as N. aurescens only because it had a yellow palpus. However, since this is a relatively common feature in Nephochaetopteryx, this specimen may not be the female of N. aurescens, and thus the female of this species is not redescribed here. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Panama (Panama). Remarks. This species differs from others in the genus in having distiphallus with cuticular spines proximally on dorsal margin and male sternite 5 with the outer lateral margin of the lobe fused with the arm., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 13-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Dodge, H. R. (1968 b) The Sarcophagidae of Barro Colorado Island, Panama (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 421 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 61.2.421","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558."]}

Nephochaetopteryx canga sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Type material. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Pará / Serra Norte / N1- CANGA / 31.X.3X.1985 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Armadilha / 1,6m / Suspensa [= suspended trap at a height of 1.6 meters] [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Brasil Pará / J. Dias [printed on rectangular white label] // MPEG DIP / 12181645 [printed on rectangular white label]. [Holotype in good condition, with terminal portion of abdomen, sternite 5 and rest of terminalia cleared and stored in glycerin in a plastic microvial pinned beneath the specimen.] Description. Male (holotype). Length = 5.3 mm. Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates, gena, postgena and postocular strip with yellowish-gray microtomentum. Frontal vitta black with basal half reddish-brown. Five frontal setae. Palpus brown. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 1+3, notopleurals 1, subprimary; anepisternals 6; merals 6. Ctenidium consisting of six spines. Mid femur with two median setae and without a differentiated posteroventral seta. Wing hyaline, with dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of golden microtomentum on anterior 4/5 on dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 2 to 4 yellow with a brown median strip, covered with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 yellowish-brown, with small setae restricted to posterior half; cleft deep, nearly reaching middle of sternite; lobe reduced, quadrate and with a tuft of short setulae; arm very small, glossiform (Fig. 6E). Syntergosternite 7+8, epandrium and cercus brown. Cercus short, tapering distally, with rounded tip bent dorsally (Fig. 6B). Cercal base with long and thick setae (Figs 6 A–B). Cercal prongs parallel, with divergent tips and without setulae on distal third (Fig. 6A). Surstylus triangular, with setulae restricted to basal half and small pointed setae at apex (Fig. 6B). Pregonite with distal half perpendicular to base; anterior margin with a prominent glossiform projection; posterior margin with small pointed setae (Fig. 6C). Postgonite shorter than pregonite, narrowed at apex, which is gently curved anteriorly; anterior margin with one long seta (shorter than postgonite) and minute and pointed setae (Fig. 6D). Basiphallus short, about half as long as distiphallus and narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 6F). Distiphallus with anterior margin serrated and with grooves laterally (Fig. 6F). Vesica angled, with distal portion widened in lateral view (Fig. 6F). Inner process of vesica longer than wide in lateral view (Fig. 6F). Lateral and median styli very short, of about one-third of width of lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted close to apical surface of distiphallus (Fig. 6F). Female. Unknown. Etymology. “Canga” is the name of an uncommon, savanna-like vegetation that grows on the iron ore-bearing rocks of the region of Carajás in the Brazilian Amazon, where the type specimen was collected. Therefore, the specific epithet canga is a noun in apposition. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Pará). Remarks. This species is similar to N. molinai and N. inca sp. nov. in the shape of the cercus and pregonite. However, it differs from N. molinai in having a very small lobe of sternite 5 and the projection of the anterior margin of the pregonite glossiform, and from N. inca sp. nov. by the shape of the vesica and gonites., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406

Nephochaetopteryx juquiana Dodge Nephochaetopteryx juquiana Dodge, 1968a: 281 (key), 283 (description of male). Type locality: Brazil, S„o Paulo, Juquiá. Other references: Pape (1996: 260; catalog). Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (S„o Paulo). Remarks. This species was described by Dodge (1968a) based on only one male specimen from Juquiá (S„o Paulo), which was deposited in the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC). All the specimens described by Dodge (1968a) and deposited in the IOC had since been relocated to MNRJ. However, the holotype of N. juquiana was not located in the MNRJ prior to the 2018 fire. From the description provided by Dodge (1968a) it is evident that this species differs from other species of Nephochaetopteryx by the following combination of characters: sternite 4 of male with a median patch of thick setae; pregonite narrowed, very long (longer than postgonite) and curved anteriorly. None of the specimens analyzed in this study had this combination of features., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Dodge, H. R. (1968 a) Nine new Nephochaetopteryx from Brazil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 277 - 287.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558."]}

Nephochaetopteryx tembe sp. nov. (Fig. 33) Type material. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MPEG): Brasil Pará / Paragominas / Faz. [= Farm] Cachoeira / do Rio Vermelho / 15 a [= to] 18.I.1991 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] // Brasil Pará / R. B. Neto [printed on rectangular white label] // Armadilha Malaise [= Malaise trap] [printed on rectangular white label]. [The holotype lacks its right fore leg; its abdomen and terminalia are cleared and preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen.] Description. Male (holotype). Length = 5.3 mm. Head. Fronto-orbital, parafacial plates, gena and postgena with yellowish-gray microtomentum and postocular strip with grayish microtomentum. Frontal vita black with basal half reddish-brown. Six frontal setae. Palpus yellow. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+3; supra-alars 1+3, notopleurals 1 subprimary; anepisternals 6; merals 5. Ctenidium consisting of five spines. Mid femur with two median setae and without a differentiated posteroventral seta. Wing hyaline, with dark spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3. Vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of golden microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 2 to 4 yellow with a median brown strip, covered with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, wider than long, with small setae restricted to posterior half; cleft shallow, not surpassing the anterior margin of lobe; lobe reduced, quadrate and with a tuft of short setulae; arms divergent, glossiform (Fig. 33E). Cercus straight in lateral view, with a small apical rounded projection bent ventrally (Fig. 33A). Cerci elongate with cercal prongs adjacent; lateral margin slightly ondulate and tip quadrate in dorsal view (Fig. 33B). Cercus without setulae on outer and apical margins, covered with many long and small setae (Figs 33 A–B). Surstylus conical, with setulae restricted to basal portion, apical portion bearing many short setae (Fig. 33A). Pregonite glossiform, shorter than postgonite, slight curved anteriorly, with small pointed setae on posterior margin (Fig. 33C). Postgonite straight, with distal half tapering distally, with a long seta and some small pointed setae on anterior margin (Fig. 33D). Basiphallus elongate, curved dorsally (Fig. 33F). Distiphallus with posterior margin angled distally, with apical margin rounded in lateral view (Fig. 33F). Lateral wall of distiphallus with grooves posteriorly, with a cluster of microtrichia anteriorly; ventral margin rounded (Fig. 33F). Vesica elongate and angled, with a middle triangular projection and with apex bearing small spines (Fig. 33F). Base of vesica elongate, with spine-like processes (Fig. 33F). Lateral and median styli elongate, about half as long as the widest portion of lateral wall of distiphallus, and both inserted medially in distal portion of distiphallus (Fig. 33F). Female. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet “ tembe ” is a noun in apposition derived from the Tembé Indian tribe that inhabits the region of Paragominas, the type locality of the new species. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Pará). Remarks. This species can be easily distinguished from the other species in the genus by the reduced and rectangular lobe of male sternite 5 and by the adjacent cercal prongs., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 71-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406

Nephochaetopteryx limpidipennis Lopes (Figs 16, 37C, F) Nephochaetopteryx limpidipennis Lopes, 1976: 70–72 (descriptions of male and female). Type locality: Mexico, Sonora, Bahia San Carlos. Other references: Pape (1996: 260; catalog); Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001: 307; description of female). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♁ (CAS): MEX.: Sonora / Bahia San Carlos / 1.III.1936 / P.H. Arnaud Jr. [printed on rectangular white label] // PAUL H. ARNAULD, JR. / COLLECTION / Gift to California / Academy of Sciences / San Francisco, CALIF. [printed on rectangular white label] // HOLOTYPUS [handwritten on rectangular red label] // Nephochaetopteryx / limpidipennis / Holotypus ♁ / Det. H.S. Lopes [printed on rectangular white label] // California Academy / of Sciences / Type No. 12390 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label]. [Holotype in good condition, with cleared abdomen glued to the specimen label and terminalia and sternite 5 glued to a card triangle pinned beneath the specimen.] PARATYPES (3). ♀ (CAS): MEX.: Sonora / Alamos / 21.II.1936 / P.H. Arnaud Jr. [printed on rectangular white label] // PAUL H. ARNAULD, JR. / COLLECTION / Gift to California / Academy of Sciences / San Francisco, CA- LIF. [printed on rectangular white label] // Collected at / flr [flower] Mangifera / indica [printed on rectangular white label] // Allotypus [handwritten on rectangular red label] // Nephochaetopteryx / limpidipennis / n. sp. Allotypus ♀ / Det. H.S. Lopes [printed on rectangular white label] // Collection of the / CALIFORNIA ACADEMY / OF SCI- ENCES, San / Francisco, California [printed on rectangular white label] [paratype in good condition, lacking left mid leg, with cleared abdomen glued to specimen label and terminalia and sternites glued to a card triangle pinned beneath the specimen]. ♁ (MNRJ): MEX.: Sonora / Alamos / 5.I.1971 / P.H. & M. Arnaud / Collectors [printed on rectangular white label] // Paratype [printed on rectangular green label] // Nephochaetopteryx / limpidipennis / Paratypus ♁ / Det. H.S. Lopes [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] [paratype in good condition, with left wing broken, cercus and sternite 5 glued to a card triangle pinned below the specimen and missing phallus and gonites]. ♀ (MNRJ): MEX.: Sonora / Alamos / 21.II.1963 / P.H. Arnaud Jr. [printed on rectangular white label] // Collected at / flor [= flower] Mangifera / indica [printed on rectangular white label] // PAUL H. ARNAULD, JR. / COLLECTION / Gift to California / Academy of Sciences / San Francisco, CALIF. [printed on rectangular white label] // Paratype [printed on rectangular green label] // Nephochaetopteryx / limpidipennis / Paratypus ♀ / Det. H.S. Lopes [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label] [paratype in good condition, missing right mid leg, with abdomen and terminalia cleared and preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen]. Additional material examined. Mexico. Chiapas: San Cristobal de las Casas, 20. V.1969, leg. B. V. Peterson (1 ♁, MNRJ). Jalisco: Puerto Vallarta, 31.XII.1970, leg. P.H. Arnaud & M. Arnaud (1 ♀, MNRJ). Redescription. Male. Length = 4.0– 5.5 mm (n = 3). Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta black, with basal half or entirely reddish-brown. Six frontal setae. Palpus brown or black. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 2+3, notopleurals 2 subprimaries; anepisternals 5; merals 5. Ctenidium consisting of four spines. Mid femur with two median setae and without a posteroventral differentiated seta. Wing hyaline; vein R setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. 4+5 Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of grayish microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 1 to 4 brown with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, with small setae restricted to posterior half; cleft deep, nearly reaching middle of sternite; lobe rounded and with a tuft of short setulae; arms divergent, small and narrow, with rounded apex (Fig. 16E). Cercus shorter than epandrium, with cercal prongs slight curved posteriorly with rounded apex bearing a small pointed projection on posterior margin in lateral view (Fig. 16A). Cercus with lateral margin of cercal base projected laterally and cercal prongs separated and parallel in dorsal view (Fig. 16B). Cercal prong with a preapical tuft of setulae; long and thick setae restricted to cercal base (Figs 16 A–B). Surstylus conical with rounded apex; anterior margin concave, with a narrow strip of setulae close to posterior margin of basal half and with small setae restricted to distal half (Fig. 16A). Pregonite short (shorter than postgonite), with distal half perpendicular to base, with few pointed setae on posterior margin (Fig. 16C). Postgonite tapering distally and curved anteriorly, with small pointed setae and with a strong median seta on anterior margin (Fig. 16D). Basiphallus short, about half as long as distiphallus, inverted L-shaped (Fig. 16F). Distiphallus L-shaped, with apical surface concave (Fig. 16F). Ventral margin of distiphallus corrugated with pointed projections (Fig. 16F). Vesica L-shaped, with apical portion serrated and with a middle triangular projection in basal half (Fig. 16F). Inner process of vesica narrowed (Fig. 16F). Lateral and median styli elongate, and both inserted close to apical surface of distiphallus (Fig. 16F). Female. Differs from male as follows: palpus spatulate (Fig. 37F), tergite 5 reddish with golden microtomentum (Fig. 37C). Terminalia as described by Mello-Patiu & Santos (2001, figs 11–12, 34). Distribution. NEARCTIC—Mexico (Sonora). NEOTROPICAL—Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco). Remarks. The female of this species differs from the others in the genus in having tergite 5 reddish with golden microtomentum and the palpus enlarged and spatulate. In the other species, tergite 5 is brown with golden or grayish microtomentum and the palpus is club-shaped. However, the females of many species remain unknown. The distiphallus of this species shows apical surface with a prominent concavity and ventral margin corrugate and with pointed projections, features found only in N. fuscipennis. However, N. fuscipennis differs from N. limpidipennis in having an elongate surstylus (see remarks under N. fuscipennis). Males and females of this species were collected on mango flowers (Mangifera indica: Anacardiaceae) in Mexico. This is the first record of N. limpidipennis from Chiapas and Jalisco., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Lopes, H. S. (1976) Some new or little-known neotropical Sarcophagidae (Diptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 35, 155 - 164.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558.","Mello-Patiu, C. A. & Santos, J. M. (2001) Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934: descriptions and comparative morphological notes on the female terminalia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Studia Dipterologica, 8, 303 - 315."]}

Nephochaetopteryx lopesi Dodge (Fig. 17) Nephochaetopteryx lopesi Dodge, 1968a: 281 (key), 285 (description of male). Type locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, Japuhyba [= Japuíba]. Other references: Pape (1996: 261; catalog). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♁ (MNRJ): JAPUHYBA / ANGRA 23–3 – 940 / J. LANE E LOPES [print- ed and handwritten on rectangular white label bordered with black] // Holotype [printed on rectangular red label] // HOLOTYPE / Nephochaetopteryx / Dodge lopesi [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label bordered with red] // MNRJ / 2201 [printed and handwritten on rectangular white label]. [Holotype lacking head, fore legs and left mid leg, with terminalia extended.] Additional material examined. Brazil. Paraíba: Jo „o Pessoa, Mata do Buraquinho, 01.IX.2009, on pig carcass, leg. R. Farias (1 ♁, MPEG). Redescription. Male. Length = 4.5 mm (n = 2). Head. Fronto-orbital and parafacial plates, postocular strip, gena and postgena with golden microtomentum. Frontal vitta reddish-black with basal half reddish-brown. Six frontal setae. Palpus brown. Thorax. Chaetotaxy: dorsocentrals 2+4 (first two weak); intra-alars 2+2; supra-alars 1+3; anepisternals 5; merals 5. Mid femur with two median setae and without a differentiated posteroventral seta. Ctenidium consisting of four spines. Wing hyaline, with faint brown spot beginning in the terminal portion of vein R 1, filling the distal third of cell r 1 and the upper half of the distal half of cell r 2+3; vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally to crossvein r-m. Abdomen. Tergites brown with a band of golden microtomentum on anterior 4/5 of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Sternites 1 to 4 yellow, covered with yellowish setulae and with marginal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 brown, with a very shallow cleft, not surpassing the base of lobe; lobe rounded and with a tuft of short setulae; arm glossiform, curved posteriorly (Fig. 17E). Sternite 5 with small setulae restricted to posterior half (Fig. 17E). Cercus elongate and narrow in lateral view (Fig. 17A). Cercal prongs with pointed tips strongly convergent (Fig. 17B). Inner lateral margin of cercus without setulae and cercal base with long setae (Fig. 17A). Surstylus conical, with a small patch of setulae basally on posterior margin (Fig. 17A). Pregonite widened, with tip curved anteriorly, anterior margin with some pointed projections, posterior margin with small setae (Fig. 17C). Postgonite conical, with rounded tip slightly curved anteriorly and with a long seta on anterior margin (Fig. 17D). Basiphallus longer than wide, curved dorsally (Fig. 17F). Distiphallus club-shaped, with dorsal margin sinuous and apical margin rounded (Fig. 17F). Ventral margin sinuous with a thin finger-like projection (Fig. 17F). Vesica strongly angled, with bifid tip (Fig. 17F). Inner process of vesica longer than wide (Fig. 17F). Lateral and median styli short, about one-fourth of width of widest portion of the lateral wall of distiphallus, positioned medially in distiphallus (Fig. 17F). Median stylus with a projection basally (Fig. 17F). Female. Unknown. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil (Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro). Remarks. This species differs from the others in the genus in having vesica with a bifid tip and anterior margin of pregonite with many pointed projections., Published as part of Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva, Esposito, Maria Cristina & Mello-Patiu, Cátia Antunes De, 2021, Revision of Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4928 (1) on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4928.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4544406, {"references":["Dodge, H. R. (1968 a) Nine new Nephochaetopteryx from Brazil (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 277 - 287.","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558."]}